Sharing knowledge in the public sector: two case studies

Knowledge Management Research & Practice - In important areas of the public sector, client service depends on cooperation and collaboration among workers in different organizations or agencies....     

Process evaluation of implementing knowledge management tools in public health

Translating formal and informal knowledge into public health (PH) action is essential given that PH professionals rely on up-to-date and context-specific information for effective programme planning, implementation, and evaluation. Knowledge management (KM) provides possible solutions to this challenge. We conducted an evaluation of a pilot implementation of four KM tools: (1) After Action Review; (2) Communities of Practice; (3) Peer Assist and; (4) Organizational Yellow Pages. The evaluation focused on fidelity, feasibility, and acceptability of the tools. Three main messages emerged from the study findings: (1) KM tools can be implemented in a PH context for the sharing of explicit and tacit knowledge, (2) enabling organizational environments were important for implementation, and (3) the provision of a facilitator during the implementation period was also important and appreciated by study participants.     

Collaborating across institutional and jurisdictional boundaries: enabling the emergence of a national innovation system through public knowledge management

Public institutions involved in research that aims to strengthen the productivity, profitability and adaptiveness of industries face a multiplicity of challenges when managing for the emergence of cost effective solutions to problems. We reflect upon the learnings of a Government sponsored Visiting Fellow’s programme that we describe as a knowledge management (KM) intervention within Australia’s primary industries Research, Development and Extension (R, D and E) system. Our central concern is to draw upon the learnings of an internet-based initiative in the United States called eXtension to show how ‘traditional’ D and E activities can be transformed. We argue that organisations and networks involved in such D and E activities need to perceive themselves as belonging to systems that are socio-technical in nature. That is, the development and deployment of cross-jurisdictional and cross-institutional innovations are shaped by both the social interactions between people and the systematic use of technology to support distributed learning. We explain how the elements of an integrated model to support public KM can be developed to create the conditions for enhanced innovation. Our findings have relevance to a wide range of other industry sectors considering contemporary service models involving public and private partnerships.     

区域公共创新体系环境下的虚拟企业知识管理研究

通过区域公共创新体系环境下的虚拟企业知识管理研究,可以围绕创新这一主题对虚拟企业的知识流动与创新过程进行管理,服务于创造、创新这一目标.以系统论的方法来看待与解决虚拟企业知识管理问题,认为在区域公共创新体系的大环境中,虚拟企业知识管理的重心应放在知识的共享与转化环节上,通过建设知识管理的技术平台、制度平台、文化平台为虚拟企业的知识管理活动提供支持与保障.     

The nexus between innovativeness and knowledge management: A focus on firm performance in the hospitality sector

While the importance of knowledge management is increasingly acknowledged, many firms do not fully understand the significance of innovativeness in relation to knowledge management and firm performance. Consequently, the objective of this article is to investigate innovativeness and its relationship with knowledge management and organizational performance in an under-examined industry sector and country context. The study methodology was survey-based and took place in the hospitality industry sector in Lesotho, Africa. Findings highlight the importance of knowledge management practices as an important driver of firm performance, where the results emphasize the positive mediating effect of innovativeness on the relationship between knowledge management and firm performance. The study has important practitioner and policy implications, where it is recommended that knowledge management be utilized in conjunction with innovativeness so as to positively influence firm performance. The article delivers a novel contribution to the literature in terms of establishing empirical associations between knowledge management, innovativeness and firm performance in an emerging country context.     

知识管理和知识挖掘在客户关系管理中的应用

从知识管理和客户关系管理概念人手,阐述了知识管理和客户关系管理的关系,在此基础上,对知识管理和知识挖掘在客户关系管理系统中的应用作了深入的论述。     

组织知识管理环境下的个人知识管理研究

通过对个人和组织,以及个人知识和组织知识的讨论来,明确个人知识管理与组织知识管理的关系,确立一个在组织知识管理的环境的个人知识管理的框架.     

知识经济背景下职业生涯管理的变革与发展

由于知识经济的到来，使得职业生涯管理的背景和条件发生了根本性的变化，从而产生了易变性职业生涯的概念。在比较了这种新的职业生涯理念与传统职业生涯理念区别的基础上，提出了职业生涯管理在内容及具体方法上应有的变革与发展。     

Public sector information management in east and southern Africa: Implications for FOI, democracy and integrity in government

Sound management of information contained in records and other information systems in the public sector is the sine qua non of democratic governance. For effective access to government held information, Freedom of Information (FOI) legislations impose significant duties and responsibilities on public authorities to give access to information. FOI legislation is premised on the principle that effective records management enables authorities to enforce wider government agenda to increase openness, transparency, trust and accountability in the public sector. Effective access, management and exploitation of official information are the means by which governments can demonstrate accountability and transparency in the use of public resources, expose corruption and fraud, protect citizens’ rights, as well as improve overall service delivery to citizens.This paper reviews management of public sector information contained in records and implications for enhancing freedom of access to information, democracy and integrity in governments within east and southern Africa. The authors point out that as democracy and good governance gain momentum especially in developing world, governments in east and southern Africa have one critical factor that is yet to receive adequate attention, namely the role played by information management in enhancing democracy, transparency, accountability and integrity in government. Besides, though constitutions of most east and southern African countries provide for the right and freedom of access to information as a tool to enhance democracy and good governance, state interference from time to time hampers such rights and freedoms to be exercised. The authors proffer the way forward for east and southern Africa.     

企业知识管理与知识管理能力审计

通过对国外相关献的分析研究，本对企业知识及企业知识管理的内涵进行了阐释。在此基础之上，通过与专家学和企业高层管理人员的广泛交流，提出了知识管理审计理论模型和内容框架，并设立了以度量卡作为企业知识管理能力的评估工具。最后，将此审计体系应用于企业实际测评，发现该审计工具对企业提升技术创新能力和竞争优势提供李较好的知识管理手段。     

Using the security triad to assess blockchain technology in public sector applications

This conceptual paper explores the impact of blockchain technology on public sector processes through the lens of information security. It includes an overview of the evolution of e-government, a synopsis of existing applications of blockchain technology, and innovative blockchain developments. We utilize the Confidentiality-Integrity-Accessibility (CIA) triad to guide our discussion of the security, governance, and regulatory implications of this technology. Leveraging the CIA triad model, we provide context for public managers who may consider blockchain technologies, and we highlight certain advantages arising from the “non-reputability” of distributed ledgers.In particular, we highlight the advantages of blockchain technologies with regards to non-reputability to help public managers understand how to best leverage blockchain technology to transform operations.     

Reinventing artisanal knowledge and practice: a critical review of innovation in a craft-based industry

This paper presents a critical review of the ways in which the specialised knowledge and working practices of craft-based industries have been transformed in the context of broader processes of industrialisation and global competition. The opening section makes the case for artisanal knowledge as a ‘Cinderella’ subject that remains important yet largely uncharted territory for innovation researchers. It is followed by a critical review of existing empirical and theoretical studies that have examined the reproduction and reinvention of artisanal knowledge. The review concludes that valuable insights remain obscured because of the way in which this literature is distributed across discrete disciplines with little evidence of cross-fertilisation or integration. Several common themes emerge, which provide the basis for an outline theoretical framework. The central arguments are illustrated with reference to a case-based analysis of the technological and social innovations that have taken place in English farmhouse cheese-making over an extended period, from the pre-industrial era to the beginning of the present century. The concluding section considers how more nuanced understandings of artisanal knowledge and practice might enhance innovation theory and contribute to the continued flourishing of craft-based industries.     

Assessing end-use relevance of public sector research organisations

Measuring the effective impact of research and its relevance to society is a difficult undertaking but one that the public sector is keen to embrace. Identifying end-users of research and capturing their views of research relevance are challenging tasks and not something that has been extensively reported. The evaluation of end-use relevance demands a shift in organisational mindset and performance indicators away from readily quantifiable outputs towards a consideration of more qualitative end-user outcomes that are less amenable to measurement, requiring both a greater tolerance of ambiguity and a willingness to learn from the evaluation process.     

基于知识管理的隐性知识显性化研究

本文主要讨论了隐性知识的内涵、特征，分析了傀性知识显性化的主要障碍，提出了隐性知识显性化的模型以及措施。     

Does co-location matter for formal knowledge collaboration in the Swedish biotechnology-pharmaceutical sector?

This article addresses the validity of assumptions about the importance of co-locality for innovation, by analyzing whether or not co-location matters for formal knowledge collaboration in the Swedish biotechnology-pharmaceutical sector, or biotech-pharma sector. The population of Swedish biotech-pharma firms has been defined, based on the three criteria of geographical location, their engagement in active knowledge development, and their specialized knowledge/product focus. The firms’ patterns of regional, national and international collaboration with other firms and with universities is analyzed, as well as the differing collaborative patterns of small versus large firm. In addressing the theoretical questions about the relative importance of co-location for innovation, the article also provides an empirical overview of the Swedish biotech-pharma sector, especially trends over time. This paper thus contributes to the literature by expanding our empirical knowledge about one European biotech-pharma sectoral system, e.g. Sweden, as well as addressing the theoretical question about the relative importance of co-location for formal knowledge collaboration.     

Advancing innovation in the public sector: Aligning innovation measurement with policy goals

There is sufficient evidence, drawn from surveys of innovation in the public sector and cognitive testing interviews with public sector managers, to develop a framework for measuring public sector innovation. Although many questions that are covered in the Oslo Manual guidelines for measuring innovation in the private sector can be applied with some modifications to the public sector, public sector innovation surveys need to meet policy needs that require collecting additional types of data. Policy to support public sector innovation requires data on how public sector organizations innovate and how a strategic management approach to innovation can influence the types of innovations that are developed. Both issues require innovations surveys to delve deeply into the innovation processes and strategies that are used by public sector managers. Implementation of the measurement framework proposed in this paper would open up opportunities for a new, policy-relevant research program on public sector innovation.     

我国公益类科研机构实行GOCO模式的研究

GOCO(GovernmentOwnedContractorOperated)模式在美国已实行多年 ,但英国国家物理实验室 (NPL)是目前实行这种模式并且取得良好效果的典范。本文首先分析了NPL实行GOCO模式的背景、过程和效果 ,然后探讨我国部分公益类科研机构在转制中实行GOCO模式的可行性和必要性 ,并分析了实行这种模式需注意的主要问题 ,指出其关键是建立和完善监督约束机制     

构建战略导向的公共部门平衡计分卡模型

在明确我国公共部门战略发展导向——建设公共服务型政府的基础上,从理论角度系统地阐释了该战略与平衡计分卡的内在一致性,由此构建了公共部门平衡计分卡模型。