A design of knowledge management tool for supporting product development

New Product Development (NPD) is one of the most important activities for companies. The NPD activities get to depend on knowledge more and more. Therefore, Knowledge Management (KM) has become a key issue and a hot topic in the fields of NPD researches. This paper proposes a new design of an effective NPD-support KM tool for facilitating the knowledge sharing and acquisition among collaborative NPD team members. The KM tool mainly contains two channels for knowledge acquisition: knowledge query and knowledge recommendation. The former one is the basic function for all types of KM tools, and also acts as the basis for the latter one. This paper proposes two types of knowledge recommendation ways: one is a vector-based way; the other is a phrase-based way. Key techniques for implementing the KM tool are elaborated. A demo example is also illustrated to show the functions of the proposed KM tool.     

Information and knowledge worker productivity

Information is an essential ingredient in office work, in management decision making, and in knowledge worker productivity. Automated office information systems are designed to process information more efficiently and more effectively so as to increase the productivity of the office staff and the profitability of the organization. The rationale and the functions of automated office information systems are reviewed along with the methods used and difficulties encountered in measuring office productivity. Information science can and should be applied to study the economic benefits of office information systems, to investigate the social and behavioral implications of this new technology, and to help plan governmental policies resulting from the changes now taking place in the environment and in the storage, transfer, display, and use of information.     

如何定义知识工作者

本文在对知识工作与知识工作者管理类文献综合研究的基础上,将管理学界对知识工作者的定义分为六类,并对每种观点进行了详细论述,最后对知识工作者提出了新的定义,即知识工作者是在企业知识价值链上从事知识获取、知识创新、知识共享和知识应用等非结构性任务且要做独立判断的人。     

关于知识工作者与知识性工作的实证解析

通过三个渐进的子研究及对中国11个省、自治区、直辖市1000多名被试样本的统计分析,系统地揭示了中国人关于知识工作者的认知图式,知识性工作的重要判别标准以及知识性工作的特点,研究结论为:(1)中国人认为知识工作者是有别于脑力劳动者、知识分子、白领工人及蓝领工人的一个独立的、有所特指的概念;(2)知识工作者可以按照形式逻辑中类与种差的方式定义为"从事知识性工作的人";(3)中国人在判断一项工作是否是知识性工作时,依据的主要标准是对专业技术知识的要求、知识技能的更新速度、对创新的要求、对最低学历的要求以及对质量的要求;(4)中国人认为知识性工作的特点可以概括为更高的专业化、更快的更新、更高的创新、更高的入门学历以及更高的质量。     

Strategic knowledge management, innovation and performance

Our aim is to shed light on the consequences of knowledge management (KM) strategies on firm's innovation and corporate performance. Organisations are not aware of the real implications that KM may have. Based on an empirical study consisted of 310 Spanish organisations and structural equations modelling, results show that both KM strategies (codification and personalisation) impacts on innovation and organisational performance directly and indirectly (through an increase on innovation capability). Also, findings demonstrate a different effect of KM strategies on diverse dimensions of organisational performance. Our conclusions may help academics and managers in designing KM strategic programs in order to achieve higher innovation, effectiveness, efficiency and profitability.     

以个人知识管理为基础的学科交叉创新环境构建问题研究

 与创新相关的关键知识资源通常是个人拥有的、独特的知识。通过个人知识管理以及相关的公共机制的设计,使他们参与到创新合作中去,可能是一条连接各种创新资源的有效路径。调查结果已经显示出这方面的发展潜力。创新资源的聚集和合作通道的开放,可能带来创新合作团队形成模式的改变,以“问题导向”和“价值导向”代替“资源导向”。因此可能带来跨学科、跨领域创新合作的实质性进展。这条创新资源路径的建设涉及个人知识管理工具和系统检索工具的整体创新问题。     

企业知识型员工的知识薪酬探析

本文首先分析在21世纪的知识经济背景下,知识薪酬对现代企业薪酬管理的意义,肯定知识薪酬研究的必要性和紧迫性。结合“智能价值理论”的基本思想,提出了知识薪酬评价指标的总体框架,建立了知识型员工的知识薪酬评价指标体系,进而提出了一个量化的知识薪酬评价模型,最后,通过运用该模型对一个具体案例进行了分析。     

组织知识管理绩效评估研究

构建基于知识创造、积累、共享、使用和内化的知识循环过程的组织知识管理绩效评估体系,使用知识循环过程指数来构造知识管理绩效指数的S型logistic函数,用于评估组织在某个时点的知识管理绩效;并通过实证研究证明知识管理绩效指数与财务指标的相关性,从而验证其有效性。     

The role of Lean principles in supporting knowledge management in IT outsourcing relationships

Knowledge management (KM) in information technology outsourcing (ITO) is important to the organizations which pursue long-term strategic benefits and innovation. Effective KM mechanism in outsourcing enables both parties to continuously exchange knowledge and promotes collective learning. This paper investigates the role of Lean principles in supporting KM in ITO relationships. Drawn from the knowledge-based view of the firm, knowledge accessing and knowledge integration and utilization are identified as two key KM processes in outsourcing. Three case studies conducted in different service industries with 18 interviews indicate that the two KM processes were supported by four Lean principles: respect for people, continuous improvement, systems thinking, and proactive behavior. Those principles can be implemented with different tools at different organizational levels. This study reveals the relevance between Lean and KM in ITO relationships, which has not been reported by the KM literature. It also provides implications to ITO practitioners for the implementation of Lean principles.     

人力资源管理实践、知识管理导向与企业绩效

已有研究表明人力资源管理实践对于企业绩效具有重要影响,但影响机理尚未明确。本文基于知识的视角研究了知识管理导向在人力资源管理实践和企业绩效之间关系中的作用,即人力资源管理实践能否通过知识管理导向的中介作用对企业绩效产生影响。提出了人力资源管理实践、知识管理导向和企业绩效之间关系的假设模型,并通过对238家企业的问卷调查数据,应用结构方程模型进行了验证。结果表明人力资源管理实践对知识管理导向具有正向作用,并通过知识管理导向对企业绩效产生正向作用,即知识管理导向在人力资源管理实践和企业绩效的作用中起到部分的中介作用。最后总结分析了该研究对于管理实践的启示和未来的研究方向。     

Learning,innovation and firm performance: knowledge management in small firms

This study aims to examine the relationships between managerial learning as a facet of knowledge absorption (KA), firm innovation as a facet of knowledge exploitation (KE), and performance of small firms (i.e., firms with fewer than 50 employees). It builds on the knowledge-based view of the firm and the upper echelons theory to describe the effects of KA on KE, and that of KE on firm performance, in the small-firm context. Using survey data of 1441 small firms in New Zealand, the study applies a partial least squares approach to structural equation modelling to test the main hypotheses of the study. The main findings show the positive and significant effects of three types of managerial learning, namely, practice-based, proximal, and distal learning, on innovation and on innovation in firm performance. However, the curvilinear relationships suggest rather that the effects are finite and, potentially, confounded by factors unaccounted for in the models.     

企业知识管理绩效的灰色模糊综合评价

企业知识管理绩效评价是一个涉及众多复杂因素的系统工程.在分析企业知识管理绩效影响因素的基础上构建了企业知识管理绩效综合评价指标体系,同时运用灰色模糊理论建立了企业知识管理绩效评价模型,并通过实例验证了此模型的可行性和实用性.     

Knowledge management mechanisms and common knowledge impacts on the value of knowledge at individual and organizational levels

Knowledge management (KM) impacts have typically been examined on the value of knowledge to organizations but not individuals. This paper uses survey data (186 employees) and qualitative data (300 + employees) at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to examine the effects of four KM mechanisms (social learning, learning from others through IT, learning from IT, and IT-based knowledge substitution) and common knowledge on the individual and organizational value of knowledge. The results indicate that common knowledge and the two interpersonal mechanisms (social learning, learning from others through IT) enhance the perceived value of knowledge at both levels, but both mechanisms that rely on IT for the knowledge (learning from IT, IT-based knowledge substitution) reduce the perceived knowledge value at one level and have no significant effect at the other level. Further, common knowledge strengthens the positive effects of both interpersonal mechanisms, and weakens the negative effects of IT-based knowledge substitution, on perceived value of knowledge at both levels.     

供应链知识协同管理绩效评价研究

知识协同管理是提高知识创新与运用的效率进而保持供应链核心竞争力的必然选择。如何对整个供应链的知识协同管理绩效水平进行客观、准确地评价,对于找出影响绩效提高的关键因素并及时采取有效措施,充分发挥供应链知识资源效能,实现供应链的高效、敏捷运作具有非常重要的意义。在理论研究和实证调研的基础上构建了供应链知识协同管理绩效的评价指标体系,并运用层次分析法确定了各个指标的权重,进而利用多级模糊综合评价模型对供应链知识协同管理绩效进行了综合评价,最后运用一个算例验证了指标体系和模型的有效性和实用性。     

An empirical investigation of knowledge management and innovative performance: The case of alliances

This paper examines firm-level performance implications of strategic alliances by employing knowledge management practices as intermediaries. Unlike previous research which focuses on partner firm factors, this study investigates how alliance characteristics (i.e., alliance scope and governance) affect interfirm knowledge sharing and creation, and how these two practices and their interaction in turn affect innovative performance. These questions are examined in a sample of 127 German partnering firms. Results show that joint ventures as opposed to contractual alliances are more effective and influential in facilitating knowledge sharing and creation. In contrast, the scope of alliance activities, while positively associated with knowledge sharing, has no direct relationship with knowledge creation. In addition to these results, the study also finds that knowledge sharing, knowledge creation and their interaction significantly contribute to partner firms’ innovative performance.     

主观幸福感对知识型员工组织认同的影响

本文研究了知识型员工主观幸福感对组织认同的影响问题,通过北京、广州、江苏等地的480份问卷测试,揭示了组织声誉、组织认同和积极情感三者的动态关系。结构方程统计结果显示,假设模型拟合指标优于其他替代模型,说明组织声誉直接影响组织认同,并且通过积极情感作为中介变量间接影响组织认同。     

民营企业社会资本对创新绩效的影响——基于知识管理视角

针对靠"社会关系"和以某种机会起家、发展的民营企业,10年后大多数倒闭的现象,研究其社会资本在知识管理为中介作用下对创新绩效的影响及作用机理;根据企业生命周期各阶段的需要层次不同,关注社会资本类别、知识管理与创新的程度不同,将民营企业成立分为10年上下2个阶段,建立结构方程模型比较研究与实证,得出有意义的结论。     

企业知识管理与知识管理能力审计

通过对国外相关献的分析研究，本对企业知识及企业知识管理的内涵进行了阐释。在此基础之上，通过与专家学和企业高层管理人员的广泛交流，提出了知识管理审计理论模型和内容框架，并设立了以度量卡作为企业知识管理能力的评估工具。最后，将此审计体系应用于企业实际测评，发现该审计工具对企业提升技术创新能力和竞争优势提供李较好的知识管理手段。     

Reproducing knowledge: Xerox and the story of knowledge management

This paper is a commentary on discursive transformations that occur in stories told about Xerox's photocopier technicians, comparing particularly Orr's brilliant ethnographic study and a later management case study. It argues that significant shifts take place in how knowledge is understood between these accounts so that what begins as elusive, oral, improvised and social becomes increasingly presented as encodable in a structured database, countable, auditable, individualistic. These ideological transformations seem much to do with Xerox's own historic need to rebrand itself, and simply to sell a commercial product. Thus, how knowledge is represented and what knowledge management might mean seems to be heavily influenced by corporate vested interests. The paper stresses the need to capture complexity in case studies if they are to promote a realistic or critical understanding of the organisation.     

Making knowledge work: five principles for action-oriented knowledge management

Often knowledge management (KM) initiatives are built on an assumption that the relationship between knowledge and action starts with knowledge, that is, we know something and we act upon it. Such an assumption can lead KM initiatives to develop knowledge that is not necessarily useful for the actions that an organization is willing to take. However, if the organization derives knowledge from the actions they are willing to take or they are taking, the knowledge can be much more useful as it will directly facilitate the actions. In this article, we argue that the relationship between knowledge and action is reciprocal and offers two-way learning. As such, KM initiatives are most apt to be successful by considering how to derive knowledge from action as well as how to deliver knowledge. The paper develops five principles for action-oriented KM.