"If I Want It, It's OK": Usenet and the (Outer) Limits of Free Speech

Usenet is an international communications system composed of thousands of topically named discussion groups, called newsgroups, which enable anyone with an Internet connection and the proper software to read messages, post new messages, or reply to existing ones. Remarkable for its culture of 'anything-goes' free speech, Usenet tradition recognizes only one kind of legitimate restriction on content: that which is abusive to the Net's ability to function as an effective discussion system. This article shows that this consensus stems from a long and often painful struggle, as Usenet's designers, administrators, and users attempted to comprehend, define, and govern the communication system they had created. The result is a forum that is not quite as free as Usenet's defenders like to imagine, and one given to excesses that seem destined to attract the attention of government censors.     

Perceptual Differences in Approaches to Censorship: Information Intermediaries and the Implementation of Law

Censorship exists wherever there is preselection of information made available to a particular group of potential users-that is, wherever there is an information intermediary between the information source and the user. Therefore, one cannot ask whether or not there should be censorship. Nor is it realistic to declare that freedom of expression should override censorship. A more useful approach is to ask what checks and balances should be in place to ensure freedom of expression and other basic information rights in the face of the necessity and reality of the information selection process. Two forms of legal intervention have been used to create our current regime. This article first examines delegation of the censoring/selecting power to particular intermediaries in the information cycle. Historically, power to select appropriate information for dissemination was delegated to the 'censors,' and examples of this approach continue in our law in such areas as access and copyright legislation and in unlegislated areas of the law such as confidential information. Second, the paper examines situations where the law regulates the censoring activity itself. In situations such as libel and obscenity, for example, our law preempts the intermediary by dictating the decision itself. The law, however, does not necessarily mirror actual decisions being made by information intermediaries. Empirical evidence suggests that selection/censorship decisions, which the current law might have been expected to affect, may be being made by other intermediaries and on other criteria than theoretical examination of the law would lead one to expect. These 'extralegal' forms of censorship can be very effective, but are we content to leave those decisions without legal control? The article concludes that more strategic empirical analysis of our current legal attempts to create effective checks and balances on the censoring decisions made by intermediaries will assist us in further law reform attempts.     

论技术的“性别化”

“技术与性别”论题是技术哲学与技术社会学研究新的关注点。作为与传统技术哲学研究不同方式出现的、对技术以“他者”方式进行的理论反思,技术的“性别研究”,可以获得对技术以及创造并使用技术的“性别化的人类”更全面的理解。它先后历经了两个阶段：首先是对传统技术史进行性别反思,认为需要对技术史中被忽视的女性技术发明家进行“补偿式”研究。其次则试图在社会与文化结构中探讨作为一种社会因素的“性别”对技术的建构过程。考察技术与性别关系,应既包括作为动态的技术过程中的性别因素,还须包括作为静态的技术制品与技术知识中的性别因素。反思技术的性别化问题,并不是要从技术的“男性化”时代逆转为技术的“女性化”时代,而是要力图建构“性别和谐”的技术发展价值观。     

讲话稿写作的受众心理关照

讲话的最终目的,是要让听众接受某种观点,形成某种思想,进而按照讲话稿的意图行事,它涉及到主体与受众的相互配合,因此讲话稿的写作在注意主体写作行为的同时,还应该关注听众的接受心理,使讲话达到预期的效果。     

语言识别机器人控制系统设计

针对凌阳SPCE061A单片机在语音处理方面的优势,设计完成了一个基于SPCE061A的语音识别机器人控制系统。在经过训练后使机器人可根据训练人的命令完成一系列趣味动作。     

基于HMM的安多藏语非特定人孤立词语音识别研究

以VC＋＋6.0为开发平台,实现一个基于隐马尔可夫模型（Hidden Markov Model,简称HMM）非特定人的安多藏语孤立词语音识别系统。对有声段语音进行MFCC参数的提取,对提取后的MFCC参数进行矢量量化后训练HMM模型,形成特征模板库,最后进行识别。根据安多藏语的特点,改进端点检测的方法,提高了孤立词语音信号检测的准确性,并进一步提高了识别率。     

铁路车站信号安全预告系统

介绍了基于微机监测系统的铁路信号站内安全预告系统,详细说明系统结构、实现功能及特点,提升了微机监测系统整体功能。     

四川口音普通话的声学建模

考虑到对因受地方口音导致的相近、相似、模糊发音的语音的识别困难,本文以易受四川口音(含有特定的声母zh-z/ch-c/sh-s)孤立词语音为识别语音,对其进行声学建模。通过对初始的49维特征参数分三个步骤进行二次特征提取,得到对特定四川口音敏感的特征参数。最后采用矢量量化技术对初始特征参数和通过二次特征提取得到的特征参数进行对比实验。实验表明,经过二次特征提取得到的特征参数有效地改进了易受四川口音(含有特定的声母zh-z/ch-c/sh-s)影响的语音的识别效果,提高了识别率。     

基于STM32的语音播报系统的设计

本文介绍了一种以STM32为核心的语音播报系统设计和实现。下位机选用的是ST公司基于CortexM3内核的32位处理器STM32F103C8T6为核心,通过XFS5051语音合成芯片硬件单元实现语音的播报。上位机采用VB语言编写的操作界面,通过串口和下位机实现数据通信。经过实验验证,本文设计的语音播报系统具有准确率高、易操作、稳定性好等优点。     

基于MATLAB的语音信号时频域参数分析

本文针对语音信号时域、频域参数进行了系统详尽的分析,提出了一种语音信号时频域参数模块化的思路,并利用SIMULINK实现语音信号频域实时参数分析仿真。     

Legal Issues in Anonymity and Pseudonymity

The regulation of anonymous and pseudonymous communications promises to be one of the most important and contentious Internet-related issues of the next decade. Resolution of this controversy will have direct effects on the freedom of speech, the nature of electronic commerce, and the capabilities of law enforcement. The legal resolution of the anonymity issue also is closely bound up with other difficult and important legal issues: campaign finance laws, economic regulation, freedom of speech on the Internet generally, the protection of intellectual property, and general approaches to privacy and data protection law. The legal constraints on anonymous communication, and the constitutional constraints on those who would regulate it further, thus should be considered in tandem with the policies animating regulation and also their side effects.     

基于改进阈值函数小波语音增强方法的研究

提出了一种基于小波阈值去噪的语音增强算法。根据含噪语音中噪声、清音和浊音的不同特点,首先对它们进行检测区分,然后采用改进的Garrote阈值函数分别对噪声、清音和浊音运用不同的阈值方案进行处理。该方法在很大程度上抑制了噪声,又减少了语音段清音的损失,提高了信噪比,在MATLAB7.1中的仿真实验结果表明,该方法具有较好的增强效果。     

基于网络技术的远程智能家居系统

本文阐述了基于ARM芯片的linux操作系统,具有语音识别、远程控制功能的智能家居控制系统的设计思路.     

民办高校数字图书馆建设中网络免费学术资源应用

文章介绍了网络免费学术资源的含义和分类,并对民办高校数字图书馆建设中网络免费学术资源的搜集、辨别和深度挖掘提出了一些建议。     

Internet上的免费专利数据库及其检索

Internet上有大量的免费专利数据库资源,这对即将加入WTO的我国各界非常有用。本文阐述了对国外专利检索的意义,介绍了Internet上的世界各国、地区及专利组织的免费数据库资源及其网址,并着重介绍了三种专利数据库的检索方法。