小学道德教育中存在问题与解决对策

小学道德教育对于小学生的成长十分重要,良好的小学道德教育能够在很大程度上促进小学生的发展。因此,本文对小学道德教育进行研究,指出了目前小学道德教育中存在的问题。针对存在的问题,本文从学校、教师、家长等方面入手,更好地解决小学道德教育中存在的问题,促进小学生的良好发展。     

中国师生道德价值观现状调查报告

通过对中国师生道德价值观总体特征、道德价值判断和道德现实评价等调查结果发现:(1)师生道德价值判断总体积极,道德现实评价趋于消极;(2)师生道德价值判断与道德现实评价严重错位,出现道德价值理想集中与道德现实评价分散的现象;(3)不同阶段教师、学生等的道德价值观基本没有显著差异; (4)高校教师与中小学教师的道德现实评价存在差异,高校学生与中学生、以及不同阶段师生的道德价值判断存在差异。     

How Teachers Help Children Resolve Moral Dilemmas

Abstract

The present study investigated the strategies that elementary school teachers employ when they help other people resolve moral dilemmas. Thirty‐six elementary school teachers were randomly assigned to one of three groups and administered the ‘Defining Issues Test’ (DIT). Teachers in Groups One and Two were instructed to respond to the DIT as if they were helping a ‘10‐year‐old child’ or a ‘40‐year‐old adult’ resolve a number of difficult moral problems. Teachers in Group Three were instructed to respond to the DIT with their own opinions concerning the resolution of the same moral problems.

Results revealed that teachers made no differentiation between their own views as to the resolution of moral problems and the advice that they gave a 10‐year‐old child or a 40‐year‐old adult attempting to solve the same problems. The implications of these findings for moral education are discussed.     

小学思想品德课堂教学的几点体会

学校教育要把德育工作放在首位，把它看成素质教育的重中之重．小学思想品德课堂教学要做到转变观念，重视德育；使德育工作无处不在；让学生身体力行，亲身体会；家校配合，协调发展。     

在小学道德与法治课程中有效利用时政资源研究

在素质教育的理念下,道德与法治课程教学重要性日益凸显,小学阶段是塑造学生健康价值观、教育观的黄金时期,因此需要通过道德与法治教学对学生进行德育教学,提高学生的思想道德素养以及法治意识。为了有效提高教学效果,教师需要将时政资源作为主要载体,将国内外各领域时政信息作为教学素材,以此培养小学生的核心素养,提高整体教学质量。基于此,本文主要对小学道德与法治课程中时政资源的有效利用策略进行探究,以供相关人士参考。     

Teachers’ reasoning about school violence: The role of gender and location

This inquiry uses a Cognitive Developmental Domain theory framework to examine how male and female teachers balance different moral and non-moral components when reasoning about hypothetical school fights. The potential impact of teachers’ attributions towards the gender of the intervening teacher and fighting students, and the location of the fight were examined. This investigation found that male middle school teachers expressed more conflict than female middle school teachers when reasoning about whether the gender of the intervening teacher or the fighting student impacted a teacher’s response. When asked to reason about a hypothetical fight, female middle school teachers were more conflicted than female elementary school teachers, particularly when the location of the fight was manipulated. Theoretical implications are discussed.     

Secondary School Moral Discussion Programmes Led by Social Studies Teachers

Abstract

An experiment is reported on the effect of a moral discussion programme taught in the schools by regular classroom teachers. Number of discussions and type of teacher preparation were varied. Students’ moral judgment stage was assessed before and after the programme and teachers were observed throughout the course of the year. A substantial degree of moral judgment stage change was shown in some but not all of the classrooms. Three variables associated with likelihood of student moral judgment change were number of discussions, range of pre‐test moral judgment stage within the classroom, and teachers’ skills in eliciting moral reasoning from students during the discussions.     

改革开放以来昆明地区小学教师的培养与思考

章简要地总结了改革开放以来昆明地区小学教师的需求变化，以及小学教师学历教育和在职培训的发展。指出了小学教师培养与培训工作的发展方向，提出了若干对2l世纪昆明地区以及其它西部不发达地区小学教师学历培养的思考和建议，着重提出了小学教师具有专科学历同样仅仅是不发达地区的一种过渡，而本科及更高学历才是2l世纪小学教师的学历培养目标。章也同时强调了这一类不发达地区小学在职教师培训工作的任务和要求。     

Moral Lessons: The Ethical Role of Teachers

This article explores conceptual and empirical issues related to the moral and ethical basis of professional practice in teaching. In considering the ethical role of teachers within an expanded context of the formal and informal moral life of classrooms, the discussion raises concerns about both the theoretical identification and practical investigation of "moral lessons." It does so through a review of current literature in this area and a report of a 2nd-level analysis of findings from a research study of 2 culturally diverse elementary school classrooms in urban Canada.     

加强教师队伍建设 适应师训教育需求

省级教育学院承担着中小学教师、教育行政干部的学历补偿教育和继续教育的双重任务,是培养、培训基础教育师资的重要基地,责任重大。因此,要根据终身教育思想,增强教师的创新意识,树立素质教育观念;健全规章制度,规范教学管理,提高教育教学质量;强化师德教育,发挥教师特长,为适应21世纪中小学教师的培训需求作出努力。     

Teachers' Ethical Choices in Sociomoral Settings

This article discusses ethical dilemmas in early childhood education as identified by kindergarten and elementary school teachers (N = 26). Ethical dilemmas are investigated in the theoretical framework of moral relevance and moral conflict (Wallace 1988). Professional ethics challenges teachers to collaborate with colleagues and parents. The empirical findings present conflicts between teachers and parents, collegial conflicts between teachers, and cultural conflicts in the community. The method used in the study is a relational reading of teachers' narratives. Interpretative accounts are created to give room to different voices in teachers' written reports. The analysis of the data reveals that the ethical dilemmas in early childhood education are relational and deal with competing interpretations of "the best interest of the child". Relevance and conflict problems arise when people have to co-ordinate their actions with others. Most of the time, discussions have not produced the desired results. Ethical conflicts in teaching invite teachers to consider the moral relevance of each dilemma by taking the perspective of each party involved.     

The development of mathematical competence in Flemish preservice elementary school teachers

A large-scale longitudinal study was conducted in which the elementary mathematical knowledge and skills of a large group of Flemish preservice elementary school teachers from 15 different institutes was assessed by means of a paper-and-pencil test that was administered both at the beginning and at the end of their 3-year training. The 30-items test covered the new standards for mathematics in the elementary school curriculum in Flanders. The test was divided in six subsets differing in terms of the curricular subdomain and of the cognitive operations being addressed by the item. The results confirmed the frequently heard concern that at the beginning of their training preservice elementary school teachers have rather weak mathematical competencies. At the end of their 3-year training, the overall test performance had become substantially better, although there were still reasons to be seriously concerned about the readiness of some student teachers to teach mathematics to elementary school children. A number of more specific comparisons helped to identify the relative role of two different factors—selection and instruction—in student teachers’ gain from pretest to posttest. Besides documenting the development of elementary mathematical competence in preservice elementary school teachers, the study also resulted in an instrument for (self-) assessment of elementary school mathematical competence. This instrument is now being used in many institutes for elementary school teacher training in Flanders.     

改变农村小学英语教学的有效途径

当前广大农村小学教师难教、学生难学英语。主要办法就是—Phonics,即用Phonics短期集中培训零起点的农村小学转岗英语教师,使他们尽快成为合格的小学英语教师,再让接受培训合格的英语教师运用Phonics教学方法教授小学生。所以各级教育部门大力在农村小学推广Phonics。     

中英小学德育课程差异性分析及启示

小学阶段是进行品德教育的最佳年龄阶段,在小学阶段,学生的心智发育的还不完全,对世界的认识还是一种模糊的状态,任何因素都可能改变道德观念以致改变人生。所以,在这个阶段,通过各种各样的方法,引导小学生建立起正确的道德观念,道德理解、道德判断及道德品质是及其必须的。本文从课程目标、课程内容、教学方法等三个方面对中英小学德育教学进行了简要比较,并分析了英国小学德育课程对我国小学德育教育的启示。     

Promoting a self-sustaining learning community: investigating an internal model for teacher development

The authors report an investigation of a five-step structured study-group approach to promoting a?self-sustaining learning community that supports teachers in developing the ‘habits of mind’ necessary for improving literacy acquisition and development for urban African American students attending a low-performing, high-poverty elementary school. The authors report that over a two-year time period the conversations among the teachers at the study-group meetings changed to be more positive about the children, to make linkages between themselves and the culture the children bring to school, to enthusiasm for sharing their own strategies and engaging in public reflection, and collaborating in developing new instructional approaches.     

Peer victimisation and its relation to class relational climate and class moral disengagement among school children

The aim of the present study was to examine whether class climate and class moral disengagement each contribute to explain different levels of victimisation among classes. Eight-hundred-and-ninety-nine children from 43 Swedish elementary school classes participated in the current study. Class moral disengagement, class relational climate and peer victimisation were assessed by a self-report questionnaire. In order to account for the clustered nature of the data with students nested within school classes, a multilevel regression model was analysed. Consistent with our hypotheses, and after controlling for age, gender and ethnic background at the individual level and class size and the proportion of boys at the class level, both class relational climate and class moral disengagement uniquely contributed to explaining the between-class variance in victimisation. Thus, the findings suggested that victimisation is less likely to occur in classes characterised by a positive, warm, fair and supportive relational pattern between children and between teachers and children, and by lower levels of class moral disengagement.     

The Domain-Specificity of Elementary School Teachers’ Judgment Accuracy

Teachers’ diagnostic competence for accurately judging students’ achievement is essential for instructional practice and professional decisions. To promote their judgment accuracy, it is important to know if this is a general or domain-specific skill. We investigated teachers’ judgment accuracy in German language (one subdomain: reading) and mathematics (two subdomains: geometry; stochastics) and examined differences across domains (i.e., German and mathematics) and across subdomains (reading; geometry; stochastics). We examined the judgment accuracy of 59 German elementary school teachers who teach both German and mathematics, judging the achievement of 1227 students in the three subdomains. We conducted multilevel analyses with a subsample of 39 teachers and 787 students and calculated different accuracy components (i.e., rank, level, and differentiation) to examine the comparability of our results. In line with prior research, findings revealed that teachers’ judgments were fairly accurate. However, there were significant differences between teachers’ average judgment accuracy in different subdomains (between-person comparisons) and no or only a weak relation between individual teachers’ judgment accuracy in different subdomains (within-person comparisons). Findings support the notion that teachers’ judgment accuracy of student achievement is domain-specific with respect to the investigated subdomains. Practical implications for the promotion of teacher judgment accuracy are discussed.     

Teacher Leadership and Organizational Structure

Traditional models of school organization favor peaked hierarchies that concentrate power and leadership responsibility on the office of the principal. As these models struggle to effectively meet the needs of education in the new millennium, leadership structures that distribute leadership influence and empower teachers to play a greater role in the leadership of the school, are slowly being implemented. This study examines the restructuring of school leadership at a school making the transition from a traditional elementary school to an Edison charter school and investigates the impact the new organizational structure had on teacher leadership. Qualitative data were collected over a four-year period during annual visits to conduct over 50 interviews with district administrators, school administrators, teachers, and the school support staff. The research findings indicate that the structure implemented at the Edison school differed greatly from traditional school leadership structures, as it successfully distributed leadership influence and enhanced the nature and scope of teacher leadership.     

‘Doing collaboration’: the process of constructing an educational community in an urban elementary school

Collaboration has been considered one of the key features of a successful school. However, the literature does not provide many examples of schools becoming more collaborative. This study focuses on the construction of a collaborative community among elementary school teachers in a large, public, urban school over several years. The researchers followed a group of students and teachers as they learned together through looping in kindergarten and first grade. The data suggest that collaboration requires time and conversations and that there are a number of challenges that must be overcome. The data also suggest that specific school structures result in opportunities for collaboration and that uncertainty plays a role in creating a collaborative learning community.     

Authentic Science Research in Elementary School After-School Science Clubs

In this paper we report on teachers’ and students’ participation in authentic science research in out of school time science clubs at elementary schools. In the program four to five teachers worked alongside practicing scientists as part of their research groups. Each teacher facilitated a club with 10–15 students who, by extension, were members of the scientists’ research groups. Over the 3 years of the project nearly 30 teachers and over 500 children participated in the clubs. In this paper we present a case study of teachers and children who worked with an analytic chemist at a major university whose field of research is environmental arsenic. We illustrate how the professor mentored the teachers and how they in turn mentored the children. We show how the elementary school teachers who had very little formal science education gained the expertise needed to mentor the children. We found that in less than one academic year the teachers were able to gain the knowledge and skills to facilitate the children’s legitimate participation in authentic scientific research; and that the children gained the methodological and intellectual proficiency needed to contribute useful data and findings to the scientist’s research program.