晏阳初职业教育思想再探

晏阳初平民教育活动中包含着浓厚的职业教育色彩。晏阳初的职业教育思想主要体现在职业教育宗旨、职业教育对象、职业教育方法和职业教育策略等四个方面。新时期我国职业教育面临着多方面挑战,主要存在职业教育宗旨偏离初衷、职业教育对象具有局限性、职业教育方法缺乏创新性、职业教育策略未能与时俱进等问题。借鉴晏阳初职业教育思想,提出我国职业教育的改进策略,对我国职业教育发展有着重要意义。     

我国应尽快建立类型职业教育体系

我国职业教育体系的构建应由层次观向类型观转变,将现行的高等教育体系与职业教育体系融合,从“大职业教育观”出发来构建职业教育类型体系。这一类型职业教育体系由陶冶型职业教育、通用型职业教育、专门型职业教育和专业型职业教育4个部分构成：陶冶型职业教育是指培养人的职业意识与劳动观念的教育。通用型职业教育是指传授行业通用知识与技能的教育。专门型职业教育是指传授一定的职业或职业群的专门知识与技能的教育。专业型职业教育是指技术开发与应用方面的教育。其中,陶冶型职业教育与通用型职业教育主要是在职业学校开展的,属于现行的职业教育的范畴;     

职业教育学研究对象新论

对于职业教育学的研究对象,研究职业教育的学者有着不同的见解。本文从职业教育现象、职业教育问题和职业教育规律三方面对职业教育学研究对象提出了新的见解,主要是基于从职业教育现象发现职业教育问题从而最终揭示职业教育规律的思路。     

美国职业教育体系的开放性特征分析

美国职业教育体系最大的特征就是开放性,没有哪所学校只是对应职业教育,但是每一所学校却又对应着职业教育,这是一种普职高度融合的开放性的职业教育体系。从谁来上职业教育可以看出职业教育对象的开放性性,从谁来办职业教育可以看出职业教育办学主体的开放性,从在哪办职业教育可以看出职业教育场域的开放性,从如何办职业教育可以看出职业教育培养过程的开放性,从谁来做职业教育教师可以看出职业教育教师队伍结构的开放性。     

职业教育学研究对象新论

对于职业教育学的研究对象,研究职业教育的学者有着不同的见解。本文从职业教育现象、职业教育问题和职业教育规律三方面对职业教育学研究对象提出了新的见解,主要是基于从职业教育现象发现职业教育问题从而最终揭示职业教育规律的思路。     

发展面向农村的职业教育途径研究

面向农村的职业教育其本质就是面向农村产业和农民的职业教育。发展面向农村职业教育是一项复杂的系统工程,要加快发展面向农村的职业教育,必须统筹发展面向农村的职业教育的资源,建立健全面向农村的职业教育机制,加大面向农村的职业教育投入力度,加强面向农村的职业教育队伍建设,创新面向农村的职业教育服务方式,优化面向农村的职业教育环境。     

对职业教育政策的界定和划分

当前人们还存在对职业教育政策认识上的分歧,有必要对其进行科学的界定和划分。职业教育政策是党和政府为贯彻大力发展职业教育的方针、解决职业教育问题、达到职业教育目标、实现职业教育发展而采取的规范和引导职业教育相关机构及个人的行为准则和行动指南。职业教育政策可划分为职业教育总政策、职业教育基本政策、职业教育具体政策三个层次。     

关于类型职业教育体系

我国职业教育体系的构建应由层次观向类型观转变,将现行的高等教育体系与职业教育体系融合,从“大职业教育”观出发来构建职业教育类型体系。这一类型职业教育体系由陶冶型职业教育、通用型职业教育、专门型职业教育和专业型职业教育四个部分构成。陶冶型职业教育是指培养人的职业意识与劳动观念的教育,包括中小学的劳动技能教育。     

我国职业教育制度研究热点及趋势分析

职业教育制度作为全社会成员必须遵守的职业教育活动规范体系,约束着职业教育的发展。采用共词可视化分析方法研究我国职业教育制度,研究表明,我国职业教育制度研究热点主要集中在企业参与职业教育办学的制度研究、比较职业教育制度研究、高等职业教育学位制度研究、现代职业教育体系建构的制度配置研究、职业教育人才培养模式的制度建设研究、职业教育考试制度改革研究、校企合作视域下职业教育制度设计研究等七个领域。展望未来,我国职业教育制度研究还需在学分银行制度、职业教育投资制度、本科层次职业教育制度、职业教育质量评价制度、职业教育教师培养制度研究等方面不断加强。     

优化职业教育类型定位 建设高质量职业教育教师队伍

推进现代职业教育体系建设改革,优化职业教育类型定位,需要建设高质量职业教育教师队伍。在响应职业教育体系建设过程中,要进一步强化职业教育教师队伍的关键基础作用。在对应职业教育发展现状问题时,要突显培养“双师型”职业教育教师的本质属性。在确立优化职业教育类型发展的目标后,需要创新高质量职业教育教师队伍建设路径。新时代我国职业教育教师队伍建设的主要思路和举措主要有：建构职业教育教师标准框架,体现教师队伍类型特征;完善职业教育教师培养培训体系,打造教师队伍发展平台;深化职业教育教师管理改革,加快教师队伍制度创新。     

论培养和提高师范生写作思维能力的环节

本文对如何培养和提高师专中文专业生写作思维能力的问题进行了探讨,主张在写作教学中教师必须把握好四个环节：一是明确思维特点,讲授思维方法;二是抓住写作理论课堂,引导学生走上科学思维轨道;三是加大文章赏析力度,锻炼科学思维能力;四是抓好习作实践,提高学生写作思维能力。     

英语否定转移的表达方式及其汉译

否定转移是指位置上与一个词或短语放在一起的否定词,有时在意义上或逻辑上可转移到去否定另一个词或短语。通过总结英语否定转移的四种表达方式,即从一般否定转移到特指否定;从特指否定转移到一般否定;从一种特指否定转移到另一种特指否定;从否定主句谓语动词转移到否定从句谓语动词,来探讨其在汉语中的翻译,以期进一步提高翻译的准确性。     

A Case Study of Preschool Children’s Musical Interests at Home and at School

In the interaction between the child and the adult, interest can be a significant motivational initiator of activities. Systematic monitoring and development of the interest in music activities enables the teachers to influence the preschool children in forming a positive attitude towards the art of music. The research involving preschool teachers, children at the age of five to six and their parents, was conducted in order to determine the interest of preschool teachers and children in music activities. We found that the teachers showed greatest interest in singing songs, playing instruments and listening to music. The children’s favourite activities in kindergarten were movement to music (dancing), singing songs and playing on instruments, namely activities where they could take active part in the educational process. The parents reported that at home the children preferred most to listen to music, to sing songs and move to the sounds of music, and less to play on instruments and to be creative in music. The development of the children’s interest in music depends on the teachers’ expression of interest in music activities, on the choice of music activities and music contents and on the experience in the music environment of the family.     

The Scientist as School Teacher

Many scientists, driven by the teaching impulse, idealism, or the wish to see science thrive in the United States, take up one or another form of school teaching or participate in programs designed to enhance science teachers' knowledge of science and science teaching skills. Funding is available, from governmental and private sources, to support innovative programs designed to increase the supply of well-trained science teachers. The provision of new funds to support graduate programs in fundamental science that provide a separate track for graduate students who choose a career in teaching, in preference to a career in the laboratory, is a particularly promising development. It is essential that such programs include proper training in pedagogy. Above all, the Nation must recognize the need to provide proper long-term salary support for science teachers in the public schools countrywide, if any of the programs to improve teaching is to succeed.     

What successful black South African students consider as factors of their success

Black South African students have a poor success rate in school leaving mathematics examinations. Attempts have been made to shift teachers' practices from teacher-centredness to learner-centredness, in Black schools, in order to improve the situation. So far, the attempts failed to yield the desired results. This paper reports on the findings of a study that aimed at learning from students and teachers in Black schools, as to what classroom practices lead to success in school mathematics, in their impoverished context.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

从新托福考试看英语听力训练

即将于2D04年正式开始的新托福考试目前已经通过美国KIS中心设计的“LanguEdge”(锋利英语)教程中的考题模型呈现出来，新托福的宗旨基本上是对听、说、读、写综合应用能力的真正考查。新托福试题的内容和题型变得更加贴近北美大学学习和生活的实用需求。相对于旧托福而言，新托福明显增加了我国众多考生明显薄弱的听、说两个环节。新托福不仅将会给中国的英语教学带来一个新的冲击，促进我国英语教学的改革，而且还会给我们的听力教学带来不少有益的启示。     

Leaping Out of Our Skins: Postmodern considerations in use of an electronic whiteboard to foster critical engagement in early literacy lessons

Postmodern theory is used to consider literacy instruction with and without an electronic whiteboard to investigate what it means to move beyond using technology to replicate older models of classroom structure that may be historically situated but that also limit or at least, do not support engagement in ways that may be possible through use of new technologies. Using postmodern theory in this regard is a way in which to consider again the thoughts and practices that tend to construct identities and ideologies in ways that work against true engagement in literacy tasks, lead to subjection and demonstration of acquiescence in place of engagement that leads to participation and critical engagement. Critical engagement as opposed to gaining and maintaining student attention to task are considered in this paper. Thinking about use of the electronic whiteboard from a postmodern perspective cautions us about careful use of this technology to avoid sending messages to students about them and their role in literacy development, the classroom, and in society.     

Japan’s colonial policies – from national assimilation to the Kominka Movement: a comparative study of primary education in Taiwan and Korea (1937–1945)

The eight-year-long period from Japan’s initiation of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 to its unconditional surrender in 1945 forced Japan to invest its national economy and industrial and scientific technologies in the war. In addition, in the name of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, Japan initiated its assimilation and Kominka (Japanisation) policies (皇民化政策) in the colonies Korea and Taiwan. Japan used education as a tool to expand its influence over members of society, and attempted the frequent use of Japanese and Kominka (皇民化) in daily life to penetrate the awareness of people in the colonies. Japan also started to enforce various assimilation policies. A comparison of the implementation of Kominka policies (皇民化政策) in Taiwan and Korea shows that, in terms of school admission rates and frequency of use of Japanese, the proportion of school admission rates for frequent speakers of Japanese to primary education in Taiwan are significantly higher than those in Korea. Moreover, in terms of primary education, national schools were implemented in both Taiwan and Korea according to the “National School Order” promulgated in 1941. Japan made use of the term “education equality” to win people over. In fact, it aimed to strengthen the concept of Kominka (皇民化), the education of militarism, and to force the Taiwanese and Koreans to become “imperial citizens” loyal to the Emperor. Japan’s ultimate objective was to create an environment that met military needs for civilian and military resources.     

论辛亥精神

辛亥精神是指在辛亥革命过程中,以孙中山为代表的革命派为了推翻满清统治、建立资产阶级共和国而彰显的一种敢为天下先的不怕牺牲、勇往直前、追求民主与进步的优秀品质。它开启了20世纪中国人民精神的新风貌,是激励中国人民救国救民和推动中国社会进步的强大动力,这种精神对我们今天仍有积极的意义。     

地方高师院校学科建设刍议

我国高等教育改革与发展的新形势要求地方高师院校重视和加快学科建设。地方高师院校学科建设的核心是搞好学科布局和凝炼学科方向;关键是抓好学科队伍建设;必须抓好学科基地建设;必须遵循有所为、有所不为的原则,贯彻分类指导、分层次建设、滚动式发展的方针;必须健全和完善学科建设的组织机构,探索并建立有效的学科建设运行机制。