组织学业不良的存在、成因与改善

文章以人类个体学习理论为支持，在分析组织学业不良概念内涵的基础上，探讨了组织学业不良的形成原因，并系统归纳了改善组织学业不良的方式方法。     

学习型组织理论研究中的缺陷--对学习型组织理论研究的一种评述

21世纪最成功的企业是学习型组织。学习型组织是一个非常有利于个人学习和成长的地方，因此，人人都希望自己的组织是一个学习型组织。但有关学习型组织的理论研究，可能存在种种缺陷。     

组织学习理论与实施模型

在对组织学习理论进行结构性分析的基础上。归纳出组织内部学习的四种经典模型与组织间学习的三种主要形式,并指出对学习能力与知识转换效率的评估是该领域后续研究的重点。     

国内组织学习研究的历史、现状和展望

近年来,组织学习作为管理学领域的热点之一引起了学者们的广泛关注,国内学者在组织学习理论的研究推广和应用方面做了大量的工作,并取得了许多重要的研究成果。本文对国内组织学习研究现状进行了分析,对研究中的重点议题及相关成果进行了综述,并对未来的发展趋势作出预测。     

组织学习的前因后果:一个新的理论框架

近年来,学者们对组织学习进行了大量研究,但是什么因素促进或者导致企业的组织学习意识或行为?组织学习又能为组织带来什么?在前人研究的基础上,通过理论研究建立了一个企业组织学习前因后果的理论框架。     

组织学习建模研究

组织学习是组织克服发展障碍，实现能力提升的重要手段。各学派对组织学习的研究中都提出了自己的建模方式，文章试图通过综述目前主流的建模分类，通过对模型起点与定性结构的分析，指出组织学习系统建设的重点由组织内部以知识增加为基础的建模转变为以组织绩效提升为基础的建模。     

从萌芽到成熟:学习型组织微观演化机理解析

组织学习是管理理论与管理实践关注的焦点,而组织学习的研究局限于宏观层面,忽视了学习型组织的微观演化路径,从而阻滞了组织学习理论的整体发展.基于组织个体成员之间学习的视角,借助于群体演化的分析机制,可以实现学习型组织的微观演化路径分析,从而完善了组织学习的研究框架,同时为企业组织学习的开展提供了微观层面的理论借鉴.     

如何使绩效评价系统成为组织学习的推进器——基于112家企业的实证分析

为了探究企业绩效评价系统对组织学习的作用机制,利用来自于112家企业的调查数据,对企业绩效评价系统特征与组织中员工学习动因的关系进行了实证研究.结果表明,绩效评价系统正规化对员工学习机会有显著的正面影响;绩效评价系统与其他企业系统的整合对员工学习动机和学习能力具有显著的正面影响;绩效评价系统利用程度越高,员工学习动机、学习机会和学习能力感知水平越高.研究表明,企业可以通过改善绩效评价系统正规化、与其他企业系统的整合以及利用程度来促进组织学习.     

论组织学习的学业不良

组织学业不良是组织学习研究中关键性领域。本文在界定组织学业不良概念内涵的基础上,探讨了导致组织学业不良的原因,并归纳和总结了改善组织学业不良的若干途径。     

组织学习、创新氛围和创新绩效的关系研究

基于资源基础观理论、组织学习理论、动态能力理论和个人—情景互动理论,提出组织学习与创新绩效的关系模型,借助其他学者已开发的相关量表,对所选取的广东省境内珠三角地区16家高新技术企业的219名研发人员、市场服务人员、高层管理者进行调查研究,利用SPSS统计分析软件对数据进行分析,检验假设和模型。研究结果表明,组织学习与创新绩效存在正相关关系,创新氛围对组织学习和创新绩效之间的关系有显著的调节作用。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.