关于心理生活基本性质和内涵的理解

人的心理生活是人的现实生活的重要构成。理解心理生活的性质和内涵，必须考虑如下几个方面。一是人性与心理生活。心理生活是人所拥有和创造的生活。二是自我与心理生活。这涉及到人格与自我，主我与客我，大我与小我。三是认知与心理生活。这包括认知的性质：对象的认知和生存的认知。四是意向与心理生活。意向决定了心理生活的一体性和自主性。五是观念与心理生活。人的心理生活是对意义的追求，意义的基本心理单元就是观念。六是体验与心理生活。心理体验是指感受、感悟、觉解、觉悟、思想、思念、体察、体会等。七是超越与心理生活。人的心理生活有价值的评判、有追求的目标和有超越的品性。八是创造与心理生活。人的心理有双重的创造功能，包括对外部生活世界和对自身心理行为的建构。     

从文明无知、文明冲突到文明交往、文明和谐--对学术界三种文明观的基本述评

文明是决定和影响人类活动的长期的基本因素。冷战结束后，特别是随着“文明冲突论”的提出，各种文明观的讨论逐渐演化成文明学的各种派系。当前主要有三种文明观：文明冲突论、文明对话论、文明交往论。在处理国与国关系的实践中应承认并维护文明的多样性。文明发展的趋势是文明和谐和文明相处。人类真正的危险在于各个民族、国家间文明的互不相融，以及由此导致的误解、紧张、冲突乃至战争。世界的持久和平与持续发展有赖于人与人之间、民族与民族之间、国家与国家之间文明的对话、沟通和理解，有赖于文明间的和谐，共同发展。     

中西方美学比较

中西方美学分别产生于春秋战国与古希腊罗马时期。先秦美学强调人与人之间的协调性、艺术对情感的表现性及善与美的教化性；古希腊美学强调人与自然的和谐性、艺术对现实的再现性及真与美的功利性。中国的艺术哲学产生于魏晋时期，《文心雕龙》完成了中国古代美学体系的建构。西方直到文艺复兴时代随着人性复苏、艺术哲学的发展，康德与黑格尔的美学体系才得以诞生。中西方美学体系形成之展开方式虽有不同，但基本规律一致。     

The Trend Towards Materials in Science and Technology Education

The teaching of science and technology in the final year of high school is examined in a new curriculum developed for the education system in Victoria, Australia. The traditional areas of Physics and Chemistry together with a technology related subject, Materials and Technology, are investigated The major curriculum link amongst these studies was the area of materials. In Chemistry this involved the nature of materials, the chemical basis for the production of metals and polymers, and the social consequences of waste disposal. Within Physics, the major involvement was the investigation of the structure and physical properties of materials through theory and practical investigation. The selection of materials, production of components and their testing were the major area involved with Materials and Technology. Although the area of materials related all three subjects enrollments were comparatively high for Physics and Chemistry but Materials and Technology had less than one tenth as much enrollment. Similarly, school providers were significantly lower for materials and technology. Materials and Technology is still considered a vocational subject compared with the science oriented subjects. When gender enrollments were considered, Chemistry had a similar number of females and males, Physics had twice as many males as females, and Materials and Technology had twice as many males as females. This appears to be a consequence of typical gender roles.     

共探电子课本与电子书包标准及应用的发展之路-2013教育信息化暨电子课本与电子书包标准及应用国际论坛综述

2013年11月,2013教育信息化暨电子课本与电子书包国际论坛在中国上海召开,作为电子课本与电子书包标准领域的首次学术性国际盛会,本次大会兼顾产业发展和教育应用,其规模大、规格高、成果多、影响大、意义远,其宗旨：总结经验、展望发展、促进研究、推进应用、加深产业界和学术界交流与对话．并构建了国际化的协作研究与发展平台。通过对本次会议背景及会议情况的分析．重点阐述和分析了会议专题讨论的五个主题和相关内容,包括论文专题划分、依据作者所在区域划分,并对整个论文和报告内容进行全面概述。最后,给出总结与展望。以期深入推进电子课本与电子书包标准及应用的研究与发展之路．探索电子课本与电子书包的“标准研制一产业发展一教育应用”一体化推进的发展新模式,构筑一个“全”学习数字化教育生态新环境．加快信息技术与教育的深度融合．推动我国教育信息化进程。     

劳伦斯与非理性主义

以叔本华、尼采、弗洛伊德为代表的非理性主义是劳伦斯小说创作的思想基础。受叔本华影响,劳伦斯把生存意志作为人物行动的基本动力,这主要表现为向性力和精神占有欲。受尼采影响,劳伦斯赞美躯体,重视生命的内在能量和自我超越性,并与基督教决裂,成为西方基督教道德观的激烈批判者。劳伦斯在性与无意识这两个领域,对弗洛伊德精神分析理论有接受,也有超越。弗洛伊德与劳伦斯都把性、无意识与文明对立起来,但弗洛伊德进行的是否定性研究,强调对其疏导和控制,劳伦斯则认为性与无意识是原初的创造性力量,是生活的源泉,是对抗人之社会化和理性化的正面力量。非理性主义丰富和深化了劳伦斯对现代人心理世界的理解,加强了他的小说的社会批判力量。     

魏晋南北朝学士研究的几个问题

魏晋南北朝学士是一个以文翰之士为主的群体 ,这一群体实际上可以分为文人学士与官员学士两类。魏晋南北朝部分学士与秦汉待诏有类似之处。魏晋南北朝学士在此期经学、文献学、史学诸项学术活动中是—支重要力量。     

学科和课程分化与综合的辩证法

科学和学科是课程的基础,科学和学科内容的发展趋势必然影响课程教学内容的发展走势。科学、学科和课程的分化与综合是辩证的。分化是综合的基础,综合是分化的结果。没有分化就没有综合,只是混沌。在分化基础上的综合和在综合基础上的分化既是近现代科学、学科和课程发展的基本趋势和规律,也应该是未来科学发展、学科建设和课程改革的基本依据。     

A Subtle Tyranny: Rediscovering the Purpose of the Liberal Arts

Discord in the academy currently manifests in divisions over political correctness, the content of the canon and the defects of modernity. As scholarly and intellectual matters these concerns arise exclusively from the domain of the liberal arts. At their core, these controversies arguably develop from deep epistemic roots reflecting fundamental differences concerning the nature, purpose and value of the liberal arts. At issue is the integrity of the liberal arts and understanding the nature, purpose and value of these fields depends upon appreciating the distinction between professional, theoretical, and moral studies. One can begin to understand these distinctions by considering the contrast in ordinary language between knowledge and wisdom. For it is arguable that while the notion of wisdom is presumably irrelevant to production or dissemination of knowledge in all other disciplines, it is demonstrably central to the purpose and value of both research and teaching in each and every liberal art. If this can be shown then it is possible to understand why emphasis on expertise and professionalism, on knowledge for its own sake undermines commitment to common purposes and concerns. By institutionalizing new patterns of behavior, stress on professionalism changes the nature and conception of liberal arts scholarship in ways that produce deep confusions about meaning and value in these fields. The object of this article is to show that unlike other disciplines the liberal arts depend upon shared purposes and concerns such that participation of in a common moral discourse is essential to the integrity and worth of each field.     

Recognition and Toleration: Conflicting approaches to diversity in education?

Recognition and toleration are ways of relating to the diversity characteristic of multicultural societies. The article concerns the possible meanings of toleration and recognition, and the conflict that is often claimed to exist between these two approaches to diversity. Different forms or interpretations of recognition and toleration are considered, confusing and problematic uses of the terms are noted, and the compatibility of toleration and recognition is discussed. The article argues that there is a range of legitimate and importantly different conceptions of both toleration and recognition that are often not clearly distinguished, and that compatibility varies across this range and depending on what one considers the conceptions in relation to.     

时代挑战与未来路向:劳动教育的当代诠释与实践

受传统考试文化、现代消费享乐文化的影响与侵蚀,劳动及其教育观念萎缩的趋势不减,而科技的发展又进一步解放和控制了人的身体,加剧了这种趋势与危机。这些问题的重要认识论根源是身心二元论,劳心者高于劳力者,且认为心的发展与身体无关。其实割裂的机械劳动训练与精神德育灌输,既违背儿童身心发展特征,又逆时代发展。未来,以纯粹体力劳动为生的职业将不复存在,但劳动并不会也不应该消失,它不仅是人类大脑和智力发展的基础活动,而且是学习和创造的重要方式,还将是人们生活和娱乐的一部分。因此,劳动教育也应该回归身心融合的本源,发展面向未来美好生活的具有创造性、娱乐性和综合性的劳动学习,开发适应时代发展和学生兴趣的创生性和融合性劳动课程,让学生的身体、心智与情感等"整全的人"参与到劳动学习与创造中,进而实现劳动意识与习惯以及相关知能意情的全面发展。     

美学与整个审美意识形态:性质及其价值

在现代语境特别是当代的现代语境中，存在着美学实践与美学理论的辩证运动，美学总是作为一种审美意识形态而存在的。审美意识形态是现代意识形态的特殊而又重要的部分，审美意识形态的内外关系的多样性，决定了审美意识形态性质的多种多样，也决定了其价值的丰富性和复杂性。只要意识形态在社会生活中还有其存在和发展变化的客观基础、需求和意义，审美意识形态就必然存在、发展变化并或多或少地发挥其独特的作用。     

Using technology in assessing integrated science and mathematics learning

Drawing from current models, research, and science and mathematics education reform documents, this article first defines and/or delimits three broad domains of education: integrated school science and mathematics, assessment, and technology. Based upon this three-tiered discussion, a list of characteristics is then distilled to guide in the development of assessment for integrated school science and mathematics using technology. Two integrated school science and mathematics activities are provided to illustrate the alignment of instruction and assessment and the systematic integration of technology into both.The writing of this paper was supported by The National Center for Science Teaching and Learning under grant R117Q00062 from the Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S. Department of Education. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring agency.     

论教师精神的现代困境——兼论教师教育问题

现代性消弭了人存在的高贵性,是教师精神矮化的时代症候。这导致建基于此的教育科学、教师教育、教师道德等都对教师的本体性问题隐而不谈。此外,犬儒主义将相对主义与怀疑主义发挥到极致,让教师精神进一步衰微,教师丧失了教育信念,对新概念、新理论采取拒绝态度,教学走向娱乐化与迎合化。从卑微走向高贵,教师首先可以从对真善美的超越性理解与追求入手,重思教师职业的爱与卓越,重思教师生活的审美性,让教师的成长之路更具道德与审美实践之意蕴。其次,需要把教师教育从科学恢复到人学,进行本体论、存在论的思索,实现教师的觉醒与解放,进而让教师获得人之为人的高贵。     

Ineffective pathways and the price of conjecture

The inclusion of children with special educational needs into mainstream schools needs effort and cooperation by all those involved. Both educators and medical professions need to be skilled in identifying and supporting neurodiversity. This study explores the cross-professional understanding and support of four of the most prevalent neurodiversities: autism spectrum condition, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental coordination disorder and dyslexia, to evaluate the efficiency of the diagnostic pathway and the subsequent support. Questionnaires were distributed throughout a number of training events for medical and educational practitioners asking what a condition was, and how it could be supported. Using a thematic analysis, data from 189 responses were examined and cross-referenced with diagnostic criteria, in addition to identifying the overarching themes of support. Results show a serious gap in awareness and knowledge of neurodiversity in both medical and educational sectors, followed by a cacophony of intervention, breaking the pathway for diagnosis before it begins and ultimately failing children and their families.     

索绪尔和乔姆斯基二分论的比较

关于索绪尔和乔姆斯基的理论的比较是语言学重要的课题。将以两者中的二元论为基础,对索绪尔和乔姆斯基的理论进行比较。虽然乔姆斯基的＂语言运用＂与索绪尔的＂言语＂基本相同,但是＂语言能力＂与＂语言＂还是有所差别的,所以乔姆斯基的理论是对索绪尔结构主义语言学的一种发展和延续。     

设计:科学技术与艺术的统一与整合

技术与艺术是紧密结合在一起的。不仅实用艺术与技术有着密不可分的关系，纯艺术与一定的技术也有着密不可分的联系，这种联系的历史与艺术的历史一样久远。技术发展到一定阶段时总是需要更高层次的艺术观念来引导和互助，这样才能使技术融入艺术之中。科学技术与艺术的结合是在不断发展的层面上开展和提升的。随着21世纪高科技的日益发展，两的结合表现得更加紧密，并走向新的整合。设计艺术将以艺术与科学的结合为己任，并以之为手段和工具来创造为人所用的一切产品，它能够克服两之间的不协调和矛盾，并将两有机地整合与统一。     

论马克思唯物史观的形成

唯物史观是马克思一生中的两个伟大发现之一。唯物史观的创立实现了社会历史观的伟大变革 ,标志着马克思主义哲学的诞生。唯物史观的形成过程就是马克思不断揭示生产力和生产关系辩证运动规律的过程 ,也是马克思不断肃清费尔巴哈人本主义的影响 ,走向历史唯物主义的过程。马克思的唯物史观是一种崭新的社会历史观 ,它根本不同于费尔巴哈人本主义的历史观。学习马克思的早期著作 ,探讨唯物史观的形成 ,对于我国当前的改革开放和社会主义现代化建设 ,有着重大而深远的理论意义和实践意义     

论文学与音乐的亲和关系

学与音乐本是同根生成，正如书画同源，古今中外的艺术史实表明，音乐离不开学，学也离不开音乐，学应该是具有音乐性的学，音乐也应该是具有学性的音乐，二分离便都不是艺术，因此，我们要求诗人作家们应该通晓音律，音乐工作也应该具备扎实的学功底，做到以养艺。     

市场经济条件下政府职能与财政政策刍议

经济社会由市场和政府两部分组成。市场经济条件下市场的作用是基础性的,但是市场也有缺陷和失灵。政府职能主要在于为市场经济的有效运行创造良好的外部环境,政府也可能失灵和失误。市场经济在不同的国家和不同的时期有形式上的差异。中国政府的职能作用因其历史传统、人口和国家规模及经济发展水平的特点而具有独特性。财政是政府行政的经济基础和物质保障,具有资源配置、收入分配、稳定经济的功能,必须以市场经济对政府的规范