西方教学领导研究的再度兴盛及逻辑转向

西方教学领导研究兴起于20世纪80年代初,后因理论研究与领导实践的脱节而一度沉寂。进入21世纪后,受政策驱动、实践需求以及研究突破三个因素合力影响,教学领导研究在西方国家再度兴盛。而教学领导的研究逻辑,也在再兴盛中逐渐转向,即先有真实而清晰的问题,再有问题解决为指向的研究;先有研究者站到实践者的立场、角度,理解对象的任务和情景,尔后才有解决实践问题的研究成果。     

包豪斯基础课与当代设计教育

现代设计教育确立于20世纪30年代,包豪斯针对当时社会中由科技进步所造成的美学空白提出的基础课教学理念成为当代设计教育的主流思想。再度回顾包豪斯的教学理念和模式,能够让我们对当今设计教育的发展方向得出更准确的判断。     

包豪斯基础课与当代设计教育

现代设计教育确立于20世纪30年代,包豪斯针对当时社会中由科技进步所造成的美学空白提出的基础课教学理念成为当代设计教育的主流思想。再度回顾包豪斯的教学理念和模式,能够让我们对当今设计教育的发展方向得出更准确的判断。     

中学英语教学中合作学习的实施策略

合作学习作为一种教学理念和策略体系,于20世纪70年代在美国兴起,并在70年代中期至80年代中期取得实质性进展。研究者们从各种实验研究中提出了许多行之有效的合作学习策略,合作学习的理论日臻成熟,影响逐渐扩大。当前在我国新课程改革和素质教育全面实施的大背景下,     

校长教学领导：提高学校效能和促进学校变革的策略

教学领导是学校领导理论和实践的重大发展。尽管自20世纪70年代的有效学校运动以来，有关校长教学领导的研究起伏跌宕，但从总体上看，教学领导一直被视为影响教学效能及促进学校变革的重要因素。实施和推进校长教学领导，需要确立校长的教学领导理念、转变校长的领导角色和制定相应的实施策略。     

谈谈英语课在生本理念下的小组合作学习

合作学习于20世纪70年代兴起于美国,80年代在世界范围内取得实质性发展.90年代初以来,我国也出现了合作学习的研究与实验.本人在有限的教学实践中,尝试到了运用生本理念,通过“合作学习”的方式,开展英语教学工作所带来的甜头,体会到了在教学中实施生本教育的必要性和可行性.     

对高中数学合作学习的探究

合作学习是20世纪70年代初兴起于美国,并在70年代中期至80年代中期取得实质性进展的一种富有创意和实效的教学理论与策略。20世纪80年代末、90年代初,我国也开展了对合作学习的研究与实验,并取得了较好的效果。合作学习与传统教学有着许多质的不同,     

基于行动研究的地理案例教学与反思

自20世纪以来,行动研究经历了兴起、消沉到再复兴的历史。20世纪20~50年代,行动研究在美国兴起,由于当时行动研究对科学方法论的规范无法迎合,受到置疑和批评。在以后的几十年里,特别是进入90年代,许多国家都开展了各种各样的行动研究,使得行动研究得到进一步验证和发展。随着课程改革的实施,行动研究理论也逐步应用到案例教学的实践中。本研究通过行动研究循环改进的操作步骤,探讨案例教学中的教师     

课程实施取向对教学设计的影响之探析

对课程实施的关注在20世纪60年代末、70年代初以后。兴起的主要原因是对美国20世纪60年代末的“学科结构运动”失败的反思。此前在课程领域一直存在这样一种假设和理念：只要课程变革计划完善,就可以自然而然地在实施过程中达到预期的效果。本文从课程实施取向的视角来谈教学设计．探讨不同取向对教学设计的影响。     

“任务型”教学——在盲校英语教学中的尝试

"任务型"教学是20世纪80年代兴起的一种强调"做中学"的语言教学法.进入21世纪后,这种"用语言做事"的教学理念逐渐引入我国的基础英语课堂教学,"任务型"教学成为我国外语教学改革的一个走向.     

School principals’ evaluations of their instructional leadership behaviours: realities vs. ideals

The purpose of the current study was to examine primary and middle school principals’ evaluations of their own instructional leadership behaviours, and thereby pay closer attention to the ideal instructional leadership behaviours suggested in the related literature and the realities of principals’ instructional leadership behaviours. Although studies in the instructional leadership literature have vastly examined instructional leadership and its relationship with various variables, few studies have focused on school principals’ evaluations of their instructional leadership behaviours using a qualitative approach. This study was framed to contribute to gain an insight into the essential characteristics of instructional leadership in Turkey and to suggest some educational implications for school leadership in a Turkish context. The researchers conducted a qualitative case study in a large city in South-eastern Turkey in the academic year of 2012–2013. The study group consisted of 11 primary and middle school principals chosen via a maximum variation sampling technique. It was found that some of the school principals painstakingly tried to improve school-related factors which may potentially increase positive student outcomes. However, they were not able to display some instructional leadership behaviours such as change management, promoting teachers’ professional growth, collaborating with teachers and forming a positive learning environment due to multifarious reasons. The study concludes by presenting implications for the development of school principals as instructional leaders in Turkey.     

The effects of principals’ perceived instructional and distributed leadership practices on their perceptions of school climate

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which leadership styles predict school climate, in order to identify whether a relationship exists between principals’ perceived practices of instructional and distributed leadership and their perceptions of school climate (mutual respect and school delinquency), controlling for a net of principal and school characteristics. This research was conducted on a principal data-set from the 2013 Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), which was administered by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Several linear regression models with and without the country controlled dummy variables were conducted, respectively. Results indicated that principals’ perceived distributed and instructional leadership practices are significant predictors of staff mutual respect in the school. Nevertheless, such leadership styles did not appear as important factors for school delinquency and violence. School size and socio-economic status turned out to be the two most important factors predicting school safety. These results add nuance to the findings of previous studies that principals’ emphasis on instructional practice and sharing leadership can play a significant role in promoting the trust, collegiality and respect among staff. However, more than such leadership styles may be needed for creating a safe and orderly school environment.     

Examining contextual differences in the development of instructional leadership and school achievement

This study examined the generalizability of a principal instructional leadership model and its impact on school academic achievement across different school levels. The study tested the model across elementary and secondary school levels. The study also examined whether elementary school principals exert stronger instructional leadership influence over their school's academic achievement than high school principals. The results confirmed the fit of the same instructional leadership model to principals from both school levels. The results are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications.     

Instructional and Distributed Self-leadership for School Improvement: Experiences of Schools in the Kavango Region

This article uses the lens of self-leadership to understand the leadership practice of school principals in the Kavango region of Namibia. Self-leadership emphasises the focus on leading the self to enhance one's leadership in the organisation. Self-leadership will always function with other leadership styles; hence, the article uses instructional and distributed leadership styles to understand the possibility of principals having an influence on the improvement of academic quality in schools. This article explores how six secondary school principals in the Kavango region have employed self-leadership styles to improve and sustain the performance of learners. The study adopted a qualitative method that examined the selfleadership of the six school principals in the Kavango region. The data were collected from the six principals and two teachers of each school by using semi-structured interviews. The findings showed that school principals unknowingly employ self-leadership in their schools and in the process use distributed leadership together with instructional leadership to collaborate and share their leadership with teachers.     

Perceptual inhibitors of instructional leadership in Israeli principals

ABSTRACT

The instructional leadership approach expects school leaders to give top priority to ongoing improvement of teaching quality and academic outcomes. Researchers have found that despite the top-down pressures to assume an instructional leadership role, school principals demonstrate limited direct involvement in such leadership. The current qualitative study, based on semi-structured interviews, aimed to expand inquiry into inhibitors of instructional leadership in Israeli principals. Data analysis uncovered that Israeli principals’ perceptions served as key inhibitors of instructional leadership, identifying three main perceptual inhibitors: (1) perceptions regarding principal-teacher relationships; (2) perceptions regarding the role of the principal; and (3) perceptions regarding the goal of schooling. These findings expands the available knowledge by illustrating how for Israeli principals, the inhibitors of instructional leadership did not only involve the constraints and capabilities of school principals but also deep disagreements with the conceptual framework that underpins instructional leadership. Implications and further research are discussed.     

Enacting instructional leadership: perspectives and actions of public K-12 principals

This article’s purpose is to highlight the perspectives and actions of urban, public school K-12 principals who are noted for prioritising instructional leadership. Grounded in the conceptual framework of agency, I examined the work experiences of 18 New York City public school principals nominated by supervisors, colleagues, trained educational consultants, parents, and students through a four-phase qualitative study consisting of interviews, time surveys, document review, and observations with participants. In order to uphold instructional leadership, analysis highlighted that participants assumed agency by engendering perspectives and actions that viewed instructional leadership as: grounded in learning, influenced by teachers/staff, requiring time and planning for principals and teachers/staff, and calls for teacher/staff empowerment.     

Investigating instructional leadership in Kuwait's educational reform context: school leaders’ perspectives

This study explores the practices of Kuwaiti school principals acting as instructional leaders during education reforms, using qualitative content analysis of standardised open-ended interviews with 28 randomly selected school principals. The results showed that principals faced obstacles related to the deeply-ingrained centralised structure in the Ministry of Education, whose mandates conflicted with the stated goal of building principals’ capacity. There were variations in instructional leadership dimensions, including defining the school’s mission, managing the instructional programme, and creating a positive climate for teaching and learning. A gradual, planned decentralisation is recommended to improve educational leadership practices in Kuwait.     

Instructional leadership and the charter school principal

Few studies have investigated what occurs inside charter schools with respect to instructional leadership, teaching, and learning. To address this gap in the literature, this case study examines two major issues: how the principals at four charter schools enact instructional leadership in their respective schools, and what barriers the principals encounter when enacting instructional leadership at their school sites. The results highlight three main categories of instructional leadership practices: developing a school mission, managing curriculum and instruction, and promoting school climate and culture. In addition, the data reveal that while the principals attempted to engage in instructional leadership, they encountered barriers related to budgeting and staffing. The paper broadens the scholarly understanding of instructional leadership in schools with high levels of autonomy.     

Assessing the Instructional Leadership of Secondary School Principals in Thailand

While research in Western societies has found that principal leadership is usually a necessary condition for school improvement, there remains a dearth of research on how principals provide instructional leadership in developing countries. This study sought to address this need by adapting the PIMRS (Hallinger, 1984a), an instrument designed to assess principal instructional leadership. The PIMRS was translated and administered to 10 secondary school principals in northern Thailand. Findings from this initial study indicate that the PIMRS‐Thai Form appears to provide data on the instructional leadership of secondary school principals that meet or exceed common research standards of reliability and validity. Researchers and practitioners interested in assessing principal instructional leadership in Thai schools can proceed to use the PIMRS‐Thai Form with a reasonable degree of confidence that it will yield accurate information on job performance in this domain.

Consistent with past studies, the principals in this study tended to rate themselves higher in their self‐assessments than did their teachers (Hallinger & Murphy, 1985; O'Day, 1983). Current and past data suggest that greater credence be given to the teacher assessments. With this in mind, the results indicate that this sample of secondary school principals from northern Thailand exercised a low to moderate level of instructional leadership activity. Assessments of secondary school principals using the PIMRS in the United States (Haack, 1991), Malaysia (Saavedra, 1987), Canada (Jones, 1987) have all yielded significantly higher scores when compared with this Thai sample.