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This paper explores the role of perceptions of the opinionsof others as they relate to the formation of public opinion.Two interrelated theories involving such perceptions, the thirdperson effect and the spiral of silence, are tested in the contextof public opinion regarding divestment of financial interestsin South Africa. As hypothesized by the third person effect, perceptions of theinfluence of media reports on others were found to be consistentlygreater than perceptions of influence on self. Findings werestrongly supportive of this component of the third personeffect hypothesis. Perceptions of the opinions of otherswere also explored in relation to respondents' willingness toexpress their opinions publicly. As suggested by the spiralof silence theory, respondents were found to be more willingto express their opinions publicly when they perceived a trendin support of their viewpoint, or when there was a greater perceivedlikelihood of achieving success for their issue position. The size of the effect produced from joining these two processesis moderated by the role of issue salience. People perceivingdivestment as a highly important issue are more likely to ascribegreater media influence to others than to themselves, but theirwillingness to express their opinions publicly is least likelyto be influenced by perceptions of the climate of opinion. 相似文献
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THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL DESIRABILITY ON PERCEIVED MEDIA IMPACT: IMPLICATIONS FOR THIRD-PERSON PERCEPTIONS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Eveland William P. Jr.; McLeod Douglas M. 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》1999,11(4):315-333
This study examines variations in perceptions of media influencebased on the locus of impact (self vs. other) and the valenceof the message (pro-social vs. anti-social). After reading oneof four versions of rap lyrics either advocating or condemningviolence or misogyny, 406 undergraduates filled out a surveymeasuring the perceived impact of songs with that type of lyricson themselves and on other students. Results replicated previousfindings of a third-person perception for the anti-social messages.Based on an ego-enhancement motivational explanation, it waspredicted that there would be a reverse third-person perceptionfor the pro-social messages. The findings did not support thishypothesis, and for the pro-social message regarding the treatmentof women, a Lraditional third-person perception was found. However,consistent with the ego-defensive motivational explanation,the size of the third-person perception differential was significantlygreater for anti-social than for pro-social messages. Implicationsof these findings for explanations of the third-person perceptionwere discussed. 相似文献
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Based on a secondary analysis of a survey involving more than2,500 urban working residents in China, this study tests severalindividual-level causes of protest behavior suggested by theresearch on protest in the West. The timing of the survey, justthree months before the 1989 massive upheaval in China, makesthe study especially valuable. Results from path analysis showthat age, education, and Communist Party membership have bothdirect and indirect impacts on protest, in an expected way.Income has only an indirect effect, whereas the impact of genderis not significant because the direct and indirect effects countereach other. Occupation does not make a difference. In addition,discontent with economic reforms, distrust in the government,aspirations for Western democracy, and disillusionment withCommunist ideology all significantly enhance protest behavior.Postmaterialist values, which contribute positively to politicalprotest in the West, play a suppressor role in China's context,which offers interesting implications for comparative researchon public opinion and political behavior. 相似文献
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《Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian》2013,32(3):201-205
No abstract available for this article. 相似文献
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《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):201-205
AbstractWe have reacted Georgia marble in sulfur dioxide (SO2) enriched atmospheres and calculated the reaction rate constant. This constant was derived from surface reduction data, obtained by leaching thereaction product from samples exposed for different periods of time. Application of this constant to marble weathered in known ambient levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and relative humidity, allows the prediction of the thickness of the resulting gypsum crust formed over a given period of time. We have found that the crust grows outwards due to calciumions which migrate from the interior and then react with sulfur dioxide at the sample surface. Thus, anytreatment of the sulfated marble should include the considerations that the crust only masks the marble surface and is not an integral part of the original sculpture, and that cavities exist in the underlying layer of marble from which the calcium ions were selectively depleted. 相似文献
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《Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian》2013,32(3):173-179
The Combined Retrospective Index to Journals in Sociology, 1895-1974, is a six volume author and keyword-in-category index to the backfiles of 123 sociological journals which affords unprecedented coverage in one file. In tests of its completeness of coverage, however, omissions in author and keyword files of articles were detected. Further difficulties of retrieval arose in a keyword search for articles in a sample bibliography on "status inconsistency." Whatever the causes these deficiencies in comprehensiveness and in indexing result in low rates of recall, and caution is urged concerning decisions to purchase or use the set. 相似文献
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艺术细胞突然"醒来"我和夫人张敬来美国的三十年间,—直在为工作和生活忙碌不停,很少有机会享受艺术。一旦参加朋友的派对,到大家跳舞的时候,我们多半是坐在一边跟朋友喝茶、聊天。其实我们年轻的时候都不乏艺术细胞。大约在1987年——我们退休前的两三年,不知是什么契机,我们沉睡多年的艺术细胞突然开始"苏醒"了。首先是张敬对跳舞发生了兴趣,她跟朋友去参加了一个跳舞的派对,又去学了几次舞,感觉很好,于是想认真地学跳舞, 相似文献
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The Israeli elections of 1988 split the Jewish vote evenly betweenthe two major parties (almost 80% of the electorate), thus reinforcingthe pattern established in the mid-70's when the Likud overcamethe entrenched Labour lead of the '50s and '60s. Survey resultsshow that both parties strongly depend on ethnic support: morethan two-thirds of those of European origin vote Labour, andmore than two thirds of those of African/Asian origin vote Likud.That the campaign ignored these pluralistic interests in favorof issues of peace and security helps explain the surprisingshow of strength (15%) by the ethnic-religious parties. Thatthe crass demands of these fundamentalist parties proved unacceptableboth to Likud and Labour helps explain the reconstitution ofa national-unity coalition. During the election, a majorityof the electorate disapproved of the prospect of another Governmentof the two parties, but became reconciled, apparently, followingthe post-election bargaining. 相似文献
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This study measures a spiral of silence in the context of actualopinion change during President George Bush's popularity declinein one of his political strongholds. Willingness of voters topublicly express their opinions about Bush were analyzed overthree pre-election surveys (N = 1,800) sponsored by a prominentlocal newspaper in Orange County, California. Respondents wereasked whether or not they would be willing to be reinterviewedby a reporter and have their names and views published in thepaper. The hypothesis that Bush supporters would be less willingthan others to agree to be reinterviewed during the period inwhich the president's ratings were dropping sharply is supported.This trend was most in evidence at the beginning of the presidentialcampaign, when Bush's ratings were in the steepest decline.These findings indicate the importance of actual opinion shiftsin spiral of silence research, and suggest several issues forfuture research on opinion change. 相似文献
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中国导弹计划:仿制还是自行研制?
美国情报部门是从1958年才开始注意到中国导弹计划的.以中国当时的实力,他们认为:"由于缺少技术人员,以及其他军事和经济计划对其有限资源的需求,到1962年中国肯定不具备自行开发导弹与核武器的能力."考虑到当时中苏的同盟关系,他们判断中国"肯定会向苏联寻求导弹技术,在未来五年,苏联可能提供给中国某些种类的导弹和适合核武器使用,但并不携带核弹头的武器".这是美国国家情报评估关于中国导弹计划的最早记录,虽然关于中国导弹计划的细节概不清楚,但是认定它一定与苏联的援助相关. 相似文献