高校教师共同体的“知识管理”及其达成

随着知识经济时代的发展,知识管理正逐步成为高等学校教师教育研究的新视角,并成为促进高校教师共同体发展的另一条新途径。文章主要以知识管理对高校教师共同体的知识分享与创新为着眼点,立足于高校教师共同体发展,并从组织和个人双纬度层面探讨高校教师共同体的知识管理及其达成。     

Technical college teachers sharing their knowledge: does leadership,institutional factors or barriers predict their practices?

This study determines the preferable leadership practised by colleges’ directors, institutional factors and challenges encountered in knowledge sharing in Malaysian technical higher learning institutions (HLIs). Using a pragmatic mixed-method strand, we obtained 212 teachers and instructors’ viewpoints on knowledge sharing factors and barriers. The study also interviewed four teachers in exploring college directors’ leadership practices and issues faced while sharing their knowledge and experiences with their colleagues. The findings revealed that technical college teachers favoured enabling others to act as a preferable leadership practice that empirically supports their knowledge sharing practices. Thus, reward system and culture were antecedents and significant predictors for teachers’ knowledge sharing practices in technical HLIs compared with their colleges directors’ transformational leadership practices. Teachers also highlighted that their directors provide affirmative responses concerning the knowledge sharing activities; thus, practising their roles as a knowledge sharing catalysts. However, lack of support from the management, micro-politics and teachers’ own negative perceptions were identified as challenges and constraints teachers encountered while sharing their knowledge with their peers. The findings put forward some suggestions for improvement on technical college’s knowledge sharing practices.     

Supporting change and scholarship through review of online resources in professional development settings

How can we accelerate innovation and ensure effective dissemination of knowledge about online learning resources? This paper advocates strategies that systematically link online professional development with the research, development and diffusion cycle. The systemic approach we describe can accelerate knowledge advancement and help manage change by improving communication among teachers, trainers, developers and researchers. The examples that are provided are set within two funded projects in the United States that led to the development of two distinct but related strategies—the Online Site Evaluation Form for educators (a web‐based review form used in workshops) and a six‐week online course on technology‐supported assessments. Both strategies make it easier to give feedback to developers and offer incentives to do so in ways that help teachers to learn about online resources individually and with colleagues. The examples are discussed with analysis of their strengths and weaknesses in supporting different modes of interaction. We highlight implications for instructional development, professional development, research and knowledge management in online communities.     

我国农村基础教育发展究竟需要变革什么

从实践的视角反思农村基础教育问题,需要对传统的教育价值观、教育目标、教师管理、教研机构等进行变革。突破知识观的霸权地位,确立生活观,理顺知识与生活的关系,使农村学生学习知识的过程成为学会生活并追求幸福生活的过程;培育“第二种选择”,使农村学生既能升学也能就业,使农村中小学成为农村社会的教育中心、科技中心、文化中心;解放农村教师,营造一个“留人、育人”的工作环境,建立“农村教师离职国家补偿制度”,形成一个农村教师“退出”的辅助机制;重建县级教研室,改组教研员队伍,拓展研究领域,增强专业引领和决策咨询功能,推动农村基础教育课程改革的特色性发展和“以县为主”的教育管理体制的完善。     

The Mediating Effect of Knowledge‐Sharing Processes on Organizational Cultural Factors and Knowledge Management Effectiveness

This study explored the extent to which knowledge‐sharing processes mediate organizational cultural factors and knowledge management effectiveness among Korean organizations. The findings show that knowledge‐sharing processes play as mediators in the effect of trust, collaboration, and learning on knowledge management effectiveness. Employees from knowledge management practicing companies in Korea were surveyed. Results from mediation analysis show that knowledge‐sharing processes have both practical and statistical significance to enhance knowledge management effectiveness. Trust and a learning culture are also significant to increase knowledge management effectiveness. We discuss the implications of these findings to facilitate knowledge sharing and make suggestions for future research.     

从个体知识到群体知识:教师知识共享的困境与出路

教师知识共享是教师个体知识向教师群体知识转移的过程。教师知识共享能够实现教师个体缄默知识显性化,丰富教师共同体实践性知识库,并促进学校知识的生产和再生产。然而,教育实践中存在的“沉默的螺旋现象”“人际关系差序格局的现象”以及“学校组织无意识知识管理的现象”等现实境况致使教师知识共享无法充分发挥出其应有的多元价值和意义。这些阻碍教师知识共享的现实因素背后反映出教师之间缺乏人际信任、社会互动、合作意识和共享文化以及学校组织知识管理意识淡薄等问题。为促进教师个人知识向集体知识转化,应积极构建教师知识共享文化,提升教师知识共享意愿;营造教师知识共享的“创造的空间”,增强教师之间的社会互动;完善学校知识共享的制度支持,引领教师知识共享行为。     

Conceptualisation of learning to learn competence and the challenges of implementation: The Estonian experience

The importance of students' learning to learn competence for academic achievement, as well as their well-being at school and in life, is increasingly emphasised by educators and policy makers in national curricula and educational strategies. In an uncertain and complex world, learners need to become autonomous, be able to analyse challenges and apply knowledge in different contexts, address complex tasks, and create new knowledge. This article explores concepts and approaches to the development of students' learning to learn competence in the context of education in Estonia. First, the conceptualisation, model and dimensions of learning to learn competence are described and related challenges for teachers are analysed. Second, an overview of Estonian teachers' current practices, beliefs, knowledge, skills and occupational standards relevant to students' learning to learn competence is provided. We discuss how Estonian teacher education policy may enhance or inhibit the work of teachers when supporting students to develop learning to learn competence. Future directions for teacher educators and how to prepare teachers to support the development of students' learning to learn competence are suggested.     

基于云计算的教师共同体平台的研究与设计

开放大学的建设目标对电大教师提出更高的要求,但长期以来电大教师缺乏知识共享、协作交流的平台。本文对教师共同体及其平台展开研究,并结合云计算技术的特点,提出基于云计算技术的教师共同体平台模型。该平台旨在使广播电视大学教师在平台上进行有效的知识管理、无障碍的沟通和协作交流,从而促进电大教师个体和群体的专业化发展。     

Classroom teachers as mentors: Possibilities for participation in a professional development school context

This paper describes how five classroom teachers make sense of their role as mentors in support of novices as they learn to teach. These teachers interact within a context that provides possibilities for participation with a teacher education program and professional development research. The main aim of the study was to gain insights into ways in which the five mentors talk about their theories of how novices learn to teach, use different sources of knowledge to help novices learn to teach, and model and encourage critical reflection about issues and practices in teacher education. Findings reveal that four of the five mentors played prominent roles as teacher educators, and developed collaborative relationships within the professional development school context between mentors, prospective teachers, and university faculty through sustained interactions, shared professional responsibility, and respect.     

资源共享型大学图书管理方法研究

大学图书种类繁多,数量庞大,内容丰富,基本上涵盖了每一个学科的内容,为学生提供了丰富的资料,学生也从中学到了大量的知识。大学图书馆屿王要作用是力教师教研与学生学习服务的,通过图书资源共享,提高了图书的利用率,资源共享型图书馆的建设与管理是大学图书馆发展的雹抒之一。本文主要针对当前大学图书馆在图书管理中存在的问题以及面临的困境,对资源共享型图书管理方法的可行性与必要性进行阐述,并提出建立资源共享型大学图书管理系统的措施。     

New technologies to support teaching for understanding

In this era of rapid change, educators increasingly recognize that students must learn how to develop and apply knowledge creatively, not simply remember what they have been told. To meet these demands, teachers need professional development opportunities that support them in a transformational process. New technologies appear to hold promise in overcoming the traditional limitations of professional development. In this chapter, we describe and analyze a program designed to provide such professional development. We begin by summarizing recurrent challenges and promising approaches to professional development organized around a set of qualities that characterize effective learning. Next, we use these qualities to describe a program that explicitly incorporates a model of teaching for understanding into the design of an online learning environment and professional development activities for educators. Finally, our analysis of this program emphasizes the Internet's unique advantages, as well as some remaining issues to resolve in online professional development for educators.In this era of rapid change, educators increasingly recognize that students must learn how to develop and apply knowledge creatively, not simply remember what they have been told. This goal requires shifting from traditional lessons based on transmitting information toward approaches that help learners build robust and flexible understanding. Such transformation of curriculum and pedagogy is a complex process for teachers who must develop new knowledge, skills and beliefs.To meet these demands, teachers need professional development opportunities that support them in a transformational process. Unfortunately, most learning opportunities for teachers fall short. They tend to be short-term workshops, focused on general topics rather than deep knowledge of subject matter and pedagogy, inattentive to teachers’ individual interests, disconnected from specific classroom practices, and isolated from ongoing support by coaches and colleagues. Formal professional development activities are often the antithesis of what is known to promote effective learning.New technologies appear to hold promise in overcoming the traditional limitations of professional development. The World Wide Web, with its rich trove of multimedia resources, interactive tools, and telecommunication facilities, accessible from anywhere on the planet, seems full of potential as a facilitator of teacher learning. Yet we know that mere access to technical resources is not sufficient to generate learning or to change practice. How might the Internet be used to support communities of reflective practitioners committed to teaching for understanding?     

落实“工程”主题培训 促进教师专业成长

一个县级市实施省农村中小学教师素质提升工程,应从五个方面展开工作:加强宣传发动来实现思想引领化;重视资源共享达到师资的优质化;注重设计实现培训的多元化;强调规范组织以实现检测的程序化;确立多重保障来实现管理过程化。通过上述举措真正落实"工程"主题培训,努力促进教师专业成长。     

基于Web2.0的成人课程网络教学平台设计与实现

针对现有成人课程网络教学平台难以满足日益增长的师生需要的问题,建立了新型的基于Web2.0的成人教育网络教学平台.该平台提供了Tag与知识共享的功能,可以让学生随时随地上网学习;提供Blog与知识管理功能,可以让学生与教师在网上进行交流和互动;提供建立SNS与虚拟学习社区,让兴趣相同的人聚集到一起;提供RSS与教学资源建设功能,可以动态地了解到对方的状态.     

促进教师发展的校长领导力研究——以两所初中学校校长为个案

以素质教育为核心的教育改革对学校管理带来了冲击与挑战。它要求教师转变传统的教学观,学习新的知识和教学方法。校长是学校管理的关键人物,其领导实践对于帮助教师发展具有重要作用。本研究采用质性研究方法,尝试揭示两位校长在真实情境中帮助教师发展的领导实践全貌与过程。研究发现,促进教师发展的校长领导力主要具有以下三方面的特征:(1)以提升教师专业知识与技能的工具取向为主;(2)以转变教师认知、情感与态度的文化取向为辅;(3)在规范教师教学行为与激发教师改革动机之间寻求平衡。     

中职教师隐性知识管理现状与对策

采用自编问卷对广东省72所中职学校213名教师隐性知识管理现状进行调查.结果显示,中职教师充分肯定隐性知识的存在性与重要性,在对隐性知识管理上虽存在不足,但表现出积极的学习意愿.中等职业学校要重视隐性知识的作用,提高隐性知识的显性化与表达能力、营造分享环境与氛围、创设隐性知识管理平台与时机等途径,帮助中职教师有效管理隐性知识.     

知识分享:企业知识管理的核心

应当充分重视企业管理中知识分享的重要性，知识分享是知识管理的核心。知识分享有四种主要方式：数据库方式、正式交流方式潜移默化方式、私人交流方式。企业应结合自身情况制定促进员工知识分享的政策和措施。     

教育均衡化背景下成都市民办幼儿教师生存状况调查报告

随着我国教育均衡发展战略的不断推进,学前教育的均衡发展被提上了议事日程,这就需要关注不同办园体制下的幼儿教师公平发展,其中民办幼儿教师的生存状况应引起足够的重视.立足教育均衡化的宏观背景,对成都市民办幼儿教师在工作条件和经济待遇、工作压力和身心健康、工作稳定性和专业发展、教师个体发展前景等方面进行了问卷调查和访谈,在此基础上进行了比较深入的分析探讨,提出了改善成都市民办幼儿教师生存状况的一些建议：家庭要给予支持,促使其自我提升和发展;实施人性化管理,减轻教师工作压力;重视人文管理,注重幼儿教师专业发展;成立社区教育机构,发挥中介组织的桥梁作用;政府要加大对民办园的扶持力度,提供经费支持和政策保障;激发民办幼儿教师的主体意识,唤醒自我关怀的主体精神.