An overview to geographic information systems

Geographic information system (GIS) technology is a rapidly growing and powerful method for managing and analyzing spatial data and information for libraries. This article introduces GIS basic concepts, reviews GIS usage in libraries, and presents some challenges, strengths, and opportunities for libraries and GIS.     

GIS in Academic Business Libraries

Abstract

Geospatially referenced data is gaining popularity as a format for primary data in business, but few business libraries offer GIS services. This paper can be used as a guide for business librarians seeking to implement GIS services for patrons. First, a brief introduction to GIS is presented. Then, major implementation issues are highlighted and literature sources are presented for each. Discussions include the incorporation of GIS education into business curricula, GIS software choices, and WWW sources of geospatially referenced data sets and information. Finally, suggested readings are included in the appendix.     

大学图书馆地理信息系统设计与应用

系统利用GIS空间查询和空间分析功能,建立馆藏空间基础地理信息模型,将馆藏资源的属性数据与空间数据相关联,实现GIS在馆藏信息资源空间管理上的应用。系统支持具有不同使用权限的使用者在虚拟环境中实现馆藏资源的管理、检索、查询、分析和应用功能,读者可以方便地进行空间数据和属性数据的双向查询。     

Data Warehouse Integrates Toxic Inhalation Hazards and Hazardous Materials Information,GIS, and the Intranet

ABSTRACT

A data warehouse, developed for United States Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration (USDOE/NNSA) Pantex Plant in a multi-department collaboration, brings data from disparate datasets and spatial information about the site together into a single database accessible through an intranet web page or ArcGIS software. The web page directs queries of buildings, facilities, and areas through a Geographic Information System (GIS) viewer that displays spatial site information and chemical hazards data. The Spatial Database Engine (ArcSDE) provides the vehicle for linking mainframe datasets, downloaded daily, to current spatial information about buildings and facilities that store chemicals of potential concern to firefighters and other emergency responders. The system is available to the plant's shift supervisors and individual GIS users throughout the department.     

GIS在文献信息管理中的应用评价

介绍了GIS技术在图书馆的服务与管理中的应用,概要总结了在地理信息在图书馆的使用、地理信息系统在图书馆的应用以及该技术在图书馆管理中的应用,并提出了应用GIS技术在文献层面实现可视化管理的设想。     

Exploring Best Management Practices for Geospatial Data in Academic Libraries

Due to the exponential growth of spatial information, effective management and curation of geospatial data has become a central concern for GIS libraries. Although geospatial data are often generated based on a set of well-established standards and protocols, best management practices in geospatial data services are still limited. In this paper, the authors review the common challenges of geospatial data management and curation, which include the application of big data, the emergence of Web GIS, and the advancement of cyberinfrastructures. A spatial education project is used as an example to discuss potential best management practices to address these challenges. It is demonstrated that librarians need to be involved at the early stage of a research project and work closely with researchers at all stages of the data life cycle for effective data management. With early involvement of a GIS librarian in the full project development process, all three challenges can be addressed by using best management practices in organizing, managing, publishing, distributing, and preserving the geospatial data.     

Florida's marine resource information system: A geographic decision support system

Decision support systems (DSS) are a class of information systems where data, models, and an interface are combined to support a decision-maker's needs for data and analysis. This article reports on a system which fits all of the classic definitions of a DSS and which includes spatial models of object locations as crucial parts of the analytic, data, and interface support provided to the user. The system illustrates several interesting aspects of the construction of systems of this type, including the potential role of geographic information system (GIS) capabilities in DSS; the translation of user decision support needs with a geographic component into a DSS architecture; and the integration of a PC-based GIS package with additional interface, data management, and analytic tools. The system also illustrates certain managerial implications for systems of this type, including the importance of planning for system maintenance and the value of geographic data.     

GIS and the humanities: Presenting a path to digital scholarship with the Story Map app

ABSTRACT

Working collaboratively, a scholarly resources librarian and a subject liaison librarian at a small, public liberal arts college have created a GIS story mapping workshop for fellow information professionals. Using GIS, the librarians are bridging the gap between humanities and sciences in a liberal arts environment. The librarians' experience of being introduced to GIS and creating training for others enabled them to support their library's data services and digital scholarship initiatives. By helping connect the humanities with science and technology using story maps, librarians can create a neutral environment for learners to conduct interdisciplinary research and develop spatial literacy.     

Library-Based GIS Labs

Abstract

Increased use of geographic information systems on college and university campuses has prompted libraries to ask the question: Where and how can libraries fulfill these digital needs? This paper describes the actions taken by the Syracuse University Library to implement GIS and geo-spatial data services to the University community. Discussion will focus on the planning, administration, public services, collection development, and management issues pertaining to a networked multi-Station GIS lab.     

应急信息系统中空间预警情报的提取方法研究

针对目前公共突发事件的预警情报缺少空间信息分析的现状,在地理信息系统(GIS)的基础上,设计空间关系数据的计算方法,获得突发事件位置周边的空间关系;然后对应急管理过程中的空间数据和非空间数据进行集成,得出面向突发事件预警分析的更为全面的数据源;最后,提出空间关系信息的过滤算法,从海量的数据源中找出影响灾情等级的关键性空间情报,为政府的应急预警规划提供新的决策视角。     

基于GIS的图书馆资源共享系统数据库的设计与实现

针对目前图书馆个体馆藏资源不足和馆藏资源获取困难的现象,设计一种基于 GIS 的图书馆资源共享系统。在GIS系统设计过程中,数据库的设计是其核心组成部分。以安徽省芜湖市公共图书馆和高校图书馆为研究对象,从中心馆数据存贮模式的选择、空间数据库与属性数据库的构建以及各类数据的关联和集成等方面进行详细设计,认为系统电子地图服务功能的初步实现,可从整体上提升图书馆建设的水平,实现最大限度的信息资源共享。     

Public Health GIS and the Internet

Abstract

Internet access and use of georeferenced public health information for GIS application will be an important and exciting development for the nation's Department of Health and Human Services and other health agencies in this new millennium. Technological progress towards public health geospatial data integration, analysis, and visualization of space-time events using the Web portends eventual robust use of GIS by public health and other sectors of the economy. Increasing Web resources from distributed spatial data portals and global geospatial libraries, and a growing suite of Web integration tools, will provide new opportunities to advance disease surveillance, control and prevention, and insure public access and community empowerment in public health decision making. Emerging supercomputing, data mining, and compression and transmission technologies will play increasingly critical roles in national emergency, catastrophic planning and response, and risk management. Web-enabled public health GIS will be guided by Federal Geographic Data Committee spatial metadata, OpenGIS Web interoperability, and GML/XML geospatial Web content standards. Public health will become a responsive and integral part of rhe National Spatial Data Infrastructure.     

文献计量指标的GIS空间展现

首先对文献计量指标的信息源与统计对象进行分析,包括投入、产出和效率三大类型以及不同数量研究人员的研究单元。然后对可GIS空间展现的文献计量指标进行综述,主要汇总一些常规的指标、h指标及其衍生指标、基于引用的知识流指标等。在此基础上,从空间展现模式和平台两个方面分析文献计量指标GIS空间展现的可行性。在展现模式方面,分析文献计量指标空间数据制备的过程,通过点、线、面3种方式进行展示,并进一步拓展空间分析的功能。在展示平台方面,从商用软件、开源软件和WebGIS 3个方面讨论平台的适用性。     

基于GIS的图书馆可视化文献信息系统研究

本文基于GIS强大的空间查询和空间分析功能,结合图书馆发展需要,在分析图书馆实行可视化文献信息管理的意义和背景的基础上,提出了开发图书馆文献信息的可视化GIS系统,并详细阐述了系统设计、系统关键技术等问题。     

Using GIS Technology to Manage Information Following a Bioterrorism Attack

ABSTRACT

The BROOM system was developed to collect, manage and analyze information from bioterrorist attacks on strategic buildings. GIS features help decision-makers and analysts rapidly assess the current status of contaminated facilities and develop optimized cleanup strategies. BROOM consists of networked server, desktop and PDA components. PDAs are deployed to collect samples of suspected bioagents, such as anthrax. Novel geostatistical methods are used to generate contaminant maps and define optimum locations for subsequent sampling. Efficiency and accuracy gains witnessed in field tests show that GIS technology can play a vital role in visualizing, managing and analyzing data from bioterrorism incidents     

Global scientific production on GIS research by bibliometric analysis from 1997 to 2006

A bibliometric analysis was applied in this work to evaluate global scientific production of geographic information system (GIS) papers from 1997 to 2006 in any journal of all the subject categories of the Science Citation Index compiled by Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Philadelphia, USA. ‘GIS’ and ‘geographic information system’ were used as keywords to search parts of titles, abstracts, or keywords. The published output analysis showed that GIS research steadily increased over the past 10 years and the annual paper production in 2006 was about three times 1997s paper production. There are clear distinctions among author keywords used in publications from the five most productive countries (USA, UK, Canada, Germany and China) in GIS research. Bibliometric methods could quantitatively characterize the development of global scientific production in a specific research field. The analytical results eventually provide several key findings.     

基于GIS的文献信息管理应用研究

地理信息系统作为信息领域的热门技术已经应用于诸多领域,GIS技术业已被引入图书馆的服务与管理。由于GIS尚属新技术,对图书馆人来说仍然是非常陌生的专业技术。本文概要总结了在地理信息在图书馆的使用、地理信息系统在图书馆的应用以及该技术在图书馆管理中的应用。提出了应用GIS技术在文献层面实现可视化管理的设想,分析了技术难点,并设计了实现研究目标的技术路线。     

Public Library Use of Geographic Information Systems in the United States

Abstract

Public libraries are a source of information and resources for the local community, they also play a role in the use of technologies such as geographic information systems (GIS) in that regard. GIS uses maps as output mediums for displaying demographic or similar information, as well as for spatial comparison or spatially based analysis. This is useful for gaining knowledge as well as for decision making. This article reports research into the awareness and use of GIS-type systems in public library settings in hopes of better understanding the benefits, drawbacks, and limitations to use of systems such as these. Primary findings suggest that there continues to exist limited understanding of the capabilities of GIS technology in public libraries and therefore very little demand for it exists in public librarians and patrons alike.     

Ten Years of Change: National Library of Medicine TOXMAP Gets a New Look

The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) TOXNET® databases <http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov> provide broad coverage of environmental health information covering a wide variety of topics, including access to the U.S. Environment Protection Agency (EPA)'s Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) data. The NLM web-based geographic information system (GIS), TOXMAP® <http://toxmap.nlm.nih.gov/>, provides interactive maps which show where TRI chemicals are released into the environment and links to TOXNET for information about these chemicals. TOXMAP also displays locations of Superfund sites on the EPA National Priority List, as well as information about the chemical contaminants at these sites. This column focuses on a new version of TOXMAP which brings it up to date with current web GIS technologies and user expectations.