Activities of the UETP EUROFORM in the Field of Continuing Education in Micro-electronics and the Structure of the Didactic Centre

EUROFORM is a sectorial UETP in micro-electronics approved by COMETT 2 for strands A, Ba, Ca and Cc. Twenty companies and 32 universities and research centres from five countries ( France, Germany, Italy, Spain and, since 1992, Ireland) are members of EUROFORM. The pilot project, strand Cc, called the European Didactic and Resource Centre involves four complementary actions: ( 1) a reflection centre, for seminars of specialists in charge of the study of the evolution of the specificity and of the definition of the educative programme, ( 2) a school for instructors and engineers who occasionally have to intervene in their companies, ( 3) an experimental centre where new trainings are elaborated and tested before being transferred to the Ca strand and ( 4) a resource centre in charge of the realization and publication of writing and video documents.     

16—18世纪的大西洋贸易与现代早期世界经济的不平衡发展

16—18世纪的大西洋贸易既包括传统意义上的三角贸易和较少为学界关注的新英格兰、非洲、西印度间的三角贸易,还包括许多直接贸易渠道。通过大西洋贸易,西欧一些国家,特别是英法获得了巨额利润,积累了大量资本,工业经济迅速发展,逐渐成长为现代早期世界经济的中心。而非洲和美洲,特别是非洲和拉丁美洲,却受制于大西洋贸易,日益沦落为世界经济的边缘。不过,在很大程度上由大西洋贸易和西欧经济强国自身经济发展要素机制所决定的现代早期世界经济的不平衡发展,并不仅仅表现为卷入大西洋贸易的西欧中心地区与边缘地区间的不平衡发展,还表现为中心地区和边缘地区内部的各自不平衡发展。     

THE UNIVERSITIES AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE NEW EUROPEAN HOME

This article focusses on the types of assistance which the universities in the western European countries could render to their peers in Eastern Europe. It explores the ways in which this aid would contribute to the elaboration of the transnational culture of the New European Home. Stress is laid on the need to integrate the educational and research activities of European universities for the training of new intellectual élites. A considerable expansion of student exchanges is suggested, particularly the training of foreign language teachers in foreign universities. The universities should rediscover and lay stress on humanism and end their participation in military research. They should prepare bachelor's and master's degree holders capable of working as teachers in other types of higher education institutions and as researchers and theorists in various types of cultural establishments. The article concludes with an examination of the scope and the operation of the International Environmental and Cultural Centre of Norway which is operated by the Byelorussian State University and the Folk High School of Agder, Norway. This centre is cited as an example of the type of inter‐university centre which should be established all over Europe so as to further the integration of European universities.     

欧洲安全与二战后德国问题的长期化

二战后，美苏主导的雅尔塔体系代替了凡尔赛体系，欧洲安全局势发生巨大变化。虽然美苏等国占领和分裂德国消除了长期以来德国对欧洲乃至世界的安全威胁，但是，争夺德国的矛盾使美苏等国走向了危险的军事集团对峙，而两大阵营的全面冷战又使得德国问题的解决更加困难。通过将两德分别拉入各自阵营，美苏完成了对欧洲势力范围的划分，新的力量均势的建立有利于欧洲安全局势的稳定，但成为欧洲安全平衡中心却使德国的分裂长期化。     

高等教育全球化的挑战——学术研究者视野中的德国博洛尼亚进程

"博洛尼亚进程"是29个欧洲国家的教育部长于1999年在意大利博洛尼亚提出的欧洲高等教育改革计划,旨在保证欧洲高等教育的质量,建立统一的欧洲高等教育体系。为了应对高等教育全球化的挑战以及适应工业社会向知识社会转变的形势,德国大学围绕提高高等教育的质量推行了一系列改革措施,建立了新的质量保证和质量管理体系,调整了新的公共管理策略;重组了整个课程体系,革新教学观念和教学方式,实现了从以教师为中心到以学生为中心的教学方式和学习方式的转变;开展大学教师教学发展项目,提升大学教师的教学能力。     

物质结构与信息

世界的物质统一性问题应该在信息哲学的基础上获得新的理解和丰富。在信息哲学的研究中，我们认为，信息也是物质世界的基本属性，传统的物质结构理论，正在被现代科学所丰富、深化，应该在信息哲学的层面加以综合。本尝试地提出以物质世界的信息统一性来丰富和深化传统的物质统一性理论。并对传统哲学中的物质、理性、逻辑、秩序、结构等等范畴作出新的理解。     

Adult learners in three countries: Models for counselling services

One of the more pervasive and important innovations of adult education practice in the seventies can be seen in full blossom in the educational guidance and information centre, a service which specializes in counselling adults about learning opportunities. While most visible in the United States with some 300 centres, similar organizations now exist in many other countries; one European centre in fact predates the seventies and may have pioneered the concept. In 1978 and 1979, the author visited various communities in North America and Europe in search of models for counselling adults about new careers, education options and life goals. This paper describes four centres and discusses how they exemplify aspects of a variety of models for organizing counselling services.Paper presented at Ninth International Round Table for the Advancement of Counselling, Thessaloniki, Greece, April 1980.     

从雅典奥运会和瑞典世锦赛看当今世界田径新格局

根据第28届奥运会田径比赛和第10届田径世锦赛比赛资料,运用数理统计和逻辑分析的方法对金牌归属进行分析,找出目前世界田径运动的格局变化.其表现为,美国男子项目和俄罗斯女子项目分别在男、女项目中占据着统治地位;作为世界田径中心的欧洲出现了向美洲偏移的现象,欧洲国家的实力较为分散,但都有自己的特长项目;非洲田径实力有所增强,女子中长跑成为新的亮点;亚洲的少数项目能与欧、美、非洲对抗;大洋洲的实力依然不见起色.     

Performance,Citizenship and the Knowledge Society: A new mandate for European education policy

In this paper we map out the debate concerning a new mandate for European education policy based on recent socio-economic, political and educational developments, seen from the perspective of educational researchers located on the European (semi)periphery. The first part of the paper looks at the category 'preparation for the labour market', while the second part concerns itself with the category 'citizenship'. With regard to the former, it is argued that a new mandate for European education policy finds itself inextricably linked to the new education mandate of the new middle class, in a setting of globalisation and, closer to home, European construction. The latter attempts to conceptualise the emergence of new forms of citizenship at a time when the modern social contract suffers a process of transformation (or, what we term, reconfiguration). Based on the distinction between 'attributed citizenship' and 'demanded citizenship', we analyse changes taking place in state regulation as well as explore some of their implications for schooling.     

“The center of the manual training movement in Germany”: die Deutsche Lehrerbildungsanstalt für Knabenhandarbeit in Leipzig, 1887–1914

ABSTRACT

In the decades around 1900, reformers in virtually all industrialising countries debated boys’ manual training as a new subject for primary education. This contribution discusses the German debates on and institutions of manual training from a transnational perspective. The focus is on the German Association for Manual Training founded by Emil von Schenckendorff in 1886 and its Training College for Teachers established one year later in Leipzig, which notably organised summer courses where teachers received supplementary training in manual skills. The Training College soon developed into a centre for manual training instruction of European and global significance. This article discusses the Training College in Leipzig as a portal for educational globalisation. Its two directors Woldemar Götze and Alwin Pabst, on the one hand, transferred Scandinavian, French and American ideas and practices to the German context. On the other hand, foreign experts visited and referred to the Training College in order to enhance reforms in their respective countries. Especially after his trip to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904, Pabst enthusiastically embraced American education and – albeit with limited success – planned to transform the Training College into a model school and new education research centre. Moreover, Pabst theoretically reflected on processes of cultural development and cultural transfers, largely following the ideas of historian Karl Lamprecht. Manual training, in this respect, appeared as a panacea for constructing a genuinely modern and cosmopolitan society.     

THE RANGE OF AN AGENDA

The Central Institute for Higher Education of Berlin is introduced and a short history of the institution is given. Founded in 1982, it is an example of a centralized national centre for research on higher education, having had responsibility for higher education research in the whole of the former German Democratic Republic. In order for the Institute to survive in the new, reunited Germany, it has had to change its strategies and the scope of its investigations which will now be arranged around four major fields of investigation. Having acquired great expertise in the study of higher education in the former German Democratic Republic and also having done work on the higher education systems of the other European socialist countries, the Institute is currently well suited to continue its specialization in eastern European higher education affairs and to make very positive contributions in the future.     

计算机基础课实验教学示范中心建设与实践

结合学校计算机基础课实验教学示范中心的建设和实践,阐述了民族院校实验教学示范中心建设指导思想、实验课程体系和示范中心的运行机制与管理机制,使其真正成为民族院校示范性的实验教学基地,提高实验教学水平,提高学生实践动手能力、综合能力和创新能力,为民族地区培养人才服务。     

The ‘Usefulness’ of Learning: the struggle over governance,meaning and the European education space

The creation of a distinctive and useful European education policy space is a necessary part of the project of Europeanization in the European Union. A ‘European education area’ is fundamental to the contemporary structuring of the European Union; it announces the arrival of a major discursive space, centred on education in which the legitimation, steering and shaping of European governance is being played out. This article explores the problem of governance and education, through its first stage, the construction of a European education project, based on cultural inheritance and then cooperation networks; then it examines, in the second stage, the determination of a new policy of lifelong learning. This new policy shifts the emphasis from formal institutional influence and centres on the individual learner, stressing performance and comparison. The article discusses the difficulty of this task, and its most important aspect, connecting governance and a meaningful project.     

The DIYLab project (Do It Yourself in Education: Expanding Digital Competence to Foster Student Agency and Collaborative Learning) / El proyecto DIYLab (Do It Yourself in Education: Expanding Digital Competence to Foster Student Agency and Collaborative Learning)

The DIYLab project aims to promote lifelong learning by expanding students’ digital competences, autonomy and creativity through collaborative and meaningful learning. DIYLab locates students at the centre of the learning experience, turning them into the producer of their own learning material. This three-year-old project has been implemented in primary schools, secondary schools and universities in three European countries, where students create digital products that are subsequently published through a Hub or digital centre.     

Bologna in Context: a horizontal perspective on the dynamics of governance sites for a Europe of Knowledge

This article presents a horizontal perspective on the dynamics of governance sites currently active for the European of Knowledge and places the Bologna process in this wider European level context. It introduces two dynamics of change in political organisation: a) institutional differentiation and specialisation and b) the interaction between institutional spheres and sectors. Signs of sectoral differentiation are identified in the history of European integration that is relevant to the Europe of Knowledge. The argument is that the nature and sequence of the differentiation process are key to understand current governance processes. It is illustrated by showing how a horizontal dynamics has been played out in the case of the EU's Lisbon strategy and in particular the cooperation taking place in the framework of the EU's “Education and Training 2010” work programme. The analysis shows how the Bologna process, although perpetuated as a sector internal governance site, has co-evolved and interacted with this strategy, partly as an object of emulation and source of support and partly as a competing governance site. A horizontal dynamics of change is also evident in the larger Lisbon strategy as it lifted research and higher education policy to the centre of the European integration project. It resulted in the development of several governance sites with different foci targeting European higher education. A more prominent place on the political agenda came together with demands that research and education should be integrated with the overall political and economic objectives of the EU.     

Schools and Leadership in Transition: the case of Scandinavia

This article will set the context of democratic leadership in Scandinavian countries. This concept will be discussed in a dual perspective. On the one hand there are pressures to transform the governing of the schools towards a more ‘rigorous’ form of New Public Management (NPM) with models of leadership/management from the world of business and industry. This trend is affected by a new wave of economical and cultural globalisation, while the discourse of NPM is exerting a strong influence on how municipalities organize and govern the schools in Scandinavia (Moos, 2000; Peters et al., 2000). On the other hand there is a growing consciousness of the need for sustaining trust and loyalty in the school as an organisation. This may be seen as an effect of European/Scandinavian societies becoming increasingly complex. These societies are often called hyper complex societies with no one single centre from which government can be exercised. The governing of the public sectors therefore has largely to rest on trust and communication (Kirkeby, 1998; Giddens, 1991; Thyssen, 2001). This article will discuss how Scandinavian school leaders try to cope with this dual pressure while maintaining distinctive aspects of Scandinavian educational culture. This is one of many dilemmas being faced by school leaders coming to terms with notions of accountability. As an illustration we will refer to some findings from an international research project in which Danish and Norwegian school leaders participated (Biott et al., 2001; Sugrue, 2003, forthcoming).     

Languages of origin and education in Europe: A systematic review

European education policies have tended to cultivate linguistic hegemony and preserve cultural uniformity, which has made it difficult for schools to support different cultural backgrounds. This has contributed to the promotion of artificial monolingual interactions that reinforce linguistic decapitalisation processes. The aim of the review on which this article reports was to investigate the treatment and education of languages of origin in Europe. We present findings from a systematic review of scientific articles published during the period 2010–2020. The main findings indicate that language and nationality are equated in European discourses and that public policies are promoted accordingly. These articulations draw on models that alternate between assimilationism and multiculturalism. Both assimilationist and multiculturalist approaches are detrimental to the supposed objective: that of promoting multilingualism. Thus, it is urgent that a consensus be reached, and certain public policies and educational practices promoted which are respectful of linguistic diversity, since the future social cohesion of our multicultural societies depends on this.     

教育情报资料信息中心的建立与利用

通过揭示教育情报资料信息中心的内涵,阐述了信息时代建立教育情报资料信息中心的必要性,进而提出教育情报资料信息中心如何利用的问题。     

Evaluation of education in the European Union: Policy and methodology

Given the new European institutional environment for education and training, policy and methodology for evaluation have become closely interwoven and stakes have been raised. This emerging situation calls for a robust reappraisal of existing comparative evaluation data and systems in the light of the perceived needs of European countries and of the specificity of European policies. Educational evaluation in Europe is not meant to compare results in the usual sense of the word but rather to help set global policy objectives and provide data to see if those are reached within national contexts. Is it really possible to do this without developing a 'unified' European understanding and methodology of evaluation? To what extent can existing national and international data be used for the purpose, knowing that in some instances they measure aspects of education which are either not relevant for or are contrary to the educational objectives of the construction of the Union? What are the alternatives? What are the consequences for education and for assessment research in Europe?