An NCME Instructional Module on Multistage Testing

Multistage tests are those in which sets of items are administered adaptively and are scored as a unit. These tests have all of the advantages of adaptive testing, with more efficient and precise measurement across the proficiency scale as well as time savings, without many of the disadvantages of an item-level adaptive test. As a seemingly balanced compromise between linear paper-and-pencil and item-level adaptive tests, development and use of multistage tests is increasing. This module describes multistage tests, including two-stage and testlet-based tests, and discusses the relative advantages and disadvantages of multistage testing as well as considerations and steps in creating such tests.     

事件驱动软件测试技术研究

对事件驱动软件与传统的面向过程软件进行比较分析 ,在此基础上揭示了事件驱动机制及事件驱动机制的引入对软件测试的影响 .针对事件驱动软件的特性 ,改进了传统的测试方法 ,指出应围绕事件进行测试 ,并给出事件覆盖准则 ;同时 ,进一步揭示了事件的执行规律特征 ,如顺序事件、非顺序事件、前驱事件及并发事件等 ,提出根据事件执行的规律特征进行测试的方法 ,还对事件驱动软件测试技术进行了研究 .     

从关联理论看新闻语篇的翻译

信息化时代的到来凸显了新闻翻译的重要性。关联理论给新闻翻译提供了一个统一的理论框架,从新闻原材料的选择,到翻译方式及方法的确定,关联原则都具有指导意义。     

An NCME Instructional Module on Subscores

The purpose of this ITEMS module is to provide an introduction to subscores. First, examples of subscores from an operational test are provided. Then, a review of methods that can be used to examine if subscores have adequate psychometric quality is provided. It is demonstrated, using results from operational and simulated data, that subscores have to be based on a sufficient number of items and have to be sufficiently distinct from each other to have adequate psychometric quality. It is also demonstrated that several operationally reported subscores do not have adequate psychometric quality. Recommendations are made for those interested in reporting subscores for educational tests.     

An NCME Instructional Module on: Setting Passing Scores

This module describes standard setting for achievement measures used i n education, licensure, and certification. On completing the module, readers will be able to: describe what standard setting is, why it is necessary, what some of the purposes of standard setting are, and what professional guidelines apply to the design and conduct of a standard-setting procedure; differentiate among different models of standard setting; calculate a cutting score using various methods; identify appropriate sources of validity evidence and threats to the validity of a standard-setting procedure; and list some elements to be considered when evaluating the success of a standard-setting procedure. A self-test and annotated bibliography are provided at the end of the module. Teaching aids to accompany the module are available through NCME.     

试论语言交际能力测试(英文)

传统的语言测试主要测试对语言知识的了解 ,其中包括词汇知识和语法知识。但是 ,对一门语言的掌握和运用不仅仅意味着对这些语言知识的了解。从语言交际功能角度看 ,对语言能力的测试 ,还应包括在特定的场选择使用得体恰当的语言的能力     

NCME 2007 Presidential Address: The Concordance Table: An Invitation to Misuse Test Scores

This article discusses a particular type of concordance table and the potential for test score misuse that may result from employing such a table. The concordance that is discussed is typically created between scores on different, nonequatable versions of a test that share the same or close to the same test title. These concordance tables often appear in the context of relating scores on computerized adaptive and paper‐and‐pencil versions of the same test. When such a table is presented in a complete point‐by‐point fashion, relating each reported score on the scale of the new version of the test to a reported score on the scale of the old version of the test, test score users will typically treat the table as if it represented an equating of scores between the two versions, and directly replace scores on the new version of the test by scores on the old version. This clearly represents a misuse of the test scores. Suggestions for avoiding this misuse of test scores from concordance tables are provided.     

高职院校师资的国际比较

以博士学位为主体，大量增加兼职教师的数量，强化教师聘任制度中的市场因素，是目前世界高校师资制度发展的趋势。在国际上，高职院校与普通高校共享基础课师资队伍的现象较为普遍，但高职院校专业课师资强调实践性。我国高职院校师资建设过程中提出的“双师型”标准是大多数教师的一个成长总目标，对处于不同成长阶段的教师应该有相应的阶段性目标要求。     

成人教育中的报刊英语教学新方法

成人教育中的报刊英语教学对提高学生综合语言能力起到很重要的作用。因此阅读理解报刊新闻英语的尊力被视为成人教育中成功习得英语的必要手段之一。本文首先讨论成人学生在报刊英语学习中遇到的困难，然后指出教师在开展教学活动中面临的问题，在此基础上，作者结合教学实践，论述了尝试进行报刊英语教学的新方法。     

文化间性：发展来华留学生教育的跨文化之思

来华留学生教育作为我国高等教育国际化进程的重要组成部分,应以稳定的发展和高度开放的姿态赢得国际社会的信任与尊重。以辩证的视角统一“差异”和“融合”的文化间性作为一种客观存在的特质,强调不同文化主体之间的平等地位,指向一种相互理解、相互适应、相互联结和依存的跨文化关系的建构。在文化间性的视角下反思教学中的跨文化难题、教学者的跨文化能力和留学生教育管理模式,从文化和跨文化的本质内涵思考来华留学生教育中呈现出来的文化危机,有助于我们看到不同文化主体之间通过对话和协商达成意义重组及分享的动态生成过程,为来华留学生教育提供一种超越多元文化主义的发展路径。     

新闻标题的关联理论视角

受众对新闻媒介所提供的信息具有认知上的选择性,总是通过标题来选择需要阅读的新闻。标题交际功能的本质就是：新闻与受众间的最佳关联。这里实际上存在两个不同层面的关联,一是新闻标题与主体内容的关联;二是新闻标题与受众接受心理的关联。     

海南国际旅游岛改善英语语言环境吸引国际背包游客策略

随着国际旅游岛建设步伐的加快,海南吸引着越来越多的国际背包客。鉴于国际背包客的许多特点,海南岛的英语语言环境对于他们更加深刻地体验海南的风土人情至关重要,而他们对海南的宣传起着非常重要的作用。就目前而言,海南的英语语言环境远远不能满足背包客的需求,因此,我们必须根据国际背包客的特点,找出海南英语语言环境的不足之处,并采取相应的措施,使海南成为名符其实的国际旅游岛。     

The Cross-Curriculum Manager: Maximizing the Potential of Learners

Mike Reading happened to visit the NAPCE stand at the Education Show, and commented that his school had found the NAPCE resource pack From Head of Year to Year Curriculum Coordinator? very useful in their developments. So a while later he was contacted to write an account for the journal!
This account gives a sense of the particular flavour of the school, which Mike himself suggests is unusual, and also the ways in which one role can become more highly connected and central to the school, especially if it is contributing to an explicit focus on learning.
Mike is Key Stage Manager at George Spencer Foundation School and Technology College. He trained at The University College of Ripon and York St John, and started his career in education as a Religious Education teacher in Oldham before being Head of Department in Grantham. From this position he was appointed to a senior role in his present school. He has studied the contribution which Quality Management makes to secondary school management and gained a Masters degree at Nottingham Trent University.     

The Cross-Curriculum Manager: Maximizing the Potential of Learners

Mike Reading happened to visit the NAPCE stand at the Education Show, and commented that his school had found the NAPCE resource pack From Head of Year to Year Curriculum Coordinator? very useful in their developments. So a while later he was contacted to write an account for the journal!

This account gives a sense of the particular flavour of the school, which Mike himself suggests is unusual, and also the ways in which one role can become more highly connected and central to the school, especially if it is contributing to an explicit focus on learning.

Mike is Key Stage Manager at George Spencer Foundation School and Technology College. He trained at The University College of Ripon and York St John, and started his career in education as a Religious Education teacher in Oldham before being Head of Department in Grantham. From this position he was appointed to a senior role in his present school. He has studied the contribution which Quality Management makes to secondary school management and gained a Masters degree at Nottingham Trent University.     

An NCME Instructional Module: Guidelines for the Development of Item Banks

Use of item banking technology can provide much relief for the chores associated with preparing assessments; it may also enhance the quality of the items and improue the quality of the assessments. Item banking programs provide for item entry and storage, item retrieval and test creation, and maintenance of the item history. Some programs also provide companion programs for scoring, analysis, and reporting. There are many item banking programs that may be purchased or leased, and there are banks of items auailable for purchase. This module is designed to help those who develop assessments of any kind to understand the process of item banking, to analyze their needs, and to find or develop programs and materials that meet those needs. It should be useful to teachers at all leuels of education and to school-district test directors who are responsible for developing district-wide tests. It may also provide some useful information for those who are responsible for large-scale assessment programs of all types.