完善保障机制 加快体系建设 全面提高残疾学生受教育水平

我国教育法律界定的特殊教育,是指对视力残疾、听力语言残疾和智力残疾的特定适龄人群实施的专门教育。发展特殊教育,切实保障残疾人受教育权利,最大限度地补偿他们的身心缺陷,实现残疾人公共教育服务均等化,不仅是提高残疾人素质和实现教育公平的根本途径,也是衡量一个地区经济发展和社会和谐程度的重要指标。     

特殊教育学校体育教学中人文关怀的缺失及对策研究

人文关怀的核心是尊重人、关怀人、强调人的价值,主张以人为本,残疾学生作为一种有着特殊需要的群体更应在体育教学中体现出人文关怀。残疾人体育教学体现以"人为本的"的人文关怀理念,有助于残疾学生补偿生理、心理缺陷,提高社会适应能力,有助于残疾人回归生活、融入生活、适应现实生活,实现残疾人的自我完善和超越。目前我国残疾人体育教育教学中存在着不同程度的人文关怀缺失问题,而这些缺失无形当中影响了残疾人体育教育的发展。     

感官残疾人认知特点的系列实验研究报告

本文回顾了运用皮亚杰认知发展理论和模式对感官残疾儿童认知问题所做的实验研究,介绍了有关"残疾人与正常人的认知过程的比较"课题系列实验的设计原理、研究内容和主要结论.在此基础上,对残疾人教育中争论已久的"残疾缺陷假说"和"缺陷补偿假说"提出了自己的看法.     

残疾人教育的公正性反思

教育公正是社会公正的起点,残疾人教育是我国教育事业的重要组成部分。目前,虽然我国残疾人的教育发展状况已有很大改观,但教育公正依然不容乐观。文章对残疾人入学率、受教育程度、"随班就读"现状和教育质量进行实践检视,并分析了影响残疾人教育公正的经费、学校和师资三方面因素,最后提出了转变残疾人教育观念、保障残疾人教育机会平等和补偿残疾人教育差异等有益于促进残疾人教育公正的具体措施。     

残疾人职业能力开发的体系和策略研究

残疾人职业能力的开发具有长期性、复杂性、时效性和不确定性等特征,需要进行长期、系统的教育和康复。残疾人职业能力的开发是一个系统工程,主要包括:预防康复系统、教育培训系统、社会支持系统。需要通过实施医教结合,从单纯的职业教育向多学科融合转变;普职融通,从职业技术知识的习得向职业能力的提升转变;优势开发,从单项的缺陷补偿向多维的潜能开发转变等,从而促进我国残疾人人力资本的比较优势转化为现实的生产力。     

残疾人职业能力开发的体系和策略研究北大核心

残疾人职业能力的开发具有长期性、复杂性、时效性和不确定性等特征,需要进行长期、系统的教育和康复。残疾人职业能力的开发是一个系统工程,主要包括:预防康复系统、教育培训系统、社会支持系统。需要通过实施医教结合,从单纯的职业教育向多学科融合转变;普职融通,从职业技术知识的习得向职业能力的提升转变;优势开发,从单项的缺陷补偿向多维的潜能开发转变等,从而促进我国残疾人人力资本的比较优势转化为现实的生产力。     

论残疾人的教育公正

残疾人的教育公正是教育公正乃至社会公正的重要内容和体现,我国目前残疾人的教育发展状况已有很大改观,但依然不容乐观.因此要从构建教育伦理、公正分配公共产品、促进社会稳定和实现个体美好生活的高度充分认识残疾人教育公正的必要性,遵循公民基本权利平等原则、机会平等原则、应得原则和补偿原则,从而保证残疾人的教育公正.     

建设好残疾人教育网站

建设好残疾人教育网站是网络技术应用于残疾人教育的一项重要工作，它可以使残疾人教育的资源和形式得到扩大，弥补残疾人生理和认知上的缺陷与障碍，使残疾人学习更加便利。曲学利等在《中国特殊教育》2006年第12期上撰，论述了网络在残疾人教育中应用的现状和对策。章认为建设适合残疾人教育需求的网站应从以下几方面考虑：[第一段]     

关于我国残疾人高等教育存在的问题及对策

教育是弥补残疾人缺陷的最重要的途径。大力发展残疾人高等教育,提升高等教育阶段残疾人入学率,是全面提高残疾人综合素质、促进残疾人就业和改善残疾人生存状况的根本途径。我们应正视残疾人高等教育中存在的问题,采取把握时机、用法律法规作支撑和加大投入等对策,积极推进我国残疾人高等教育的发展。     

特殊教育与残疾人的精神需求

本文在充分肯定特殊教育对残疾人进行感官缺陷补偿、知识传授以及职业技能培训的基础上,针对特教实践中对残疾人精神需求重视不够的现象,提出特殊教育不仅要为残疾人未来的职业生活做准备,还得为他们的精神奠基,为其精神的健康成长打下亮丽的底色.这是残疾人获得人的尊严以及较高生存质量的基本保证,是特教魂之所在.     

Follow-up of postsecondary-age rural learning disabled graduates and dropouts

This article reports the dropout rates, basic skills competency levels, and employment status of a group of semi-rural learning disabled postsecondary-age youth and a control group of nonlearning disabled same-age peers. Findings indicated significantly higher dropout rates and significantly lower basic skills competency levels among learning disabled youth. Learning disabled graduates and dropouts were not different in how they fared in the employment market for the group, nor were they different compared to peers. Educational implications of these findings and future suggestions for follow-up research are discussed.     

Educational opportunities for adult disabled persons

Abstract

Educational opportunities for adult disabled persons are limited, despite the growing consensus on their importance. Unesco has assembled case studies of provision for disabled adults from eight countries. These are analysed here in terms of five aspects: disabled and non‐disabled adults studying together; facilitating the study situation; training for independent living; sociocultural and creative stimulation; and increasing public awareness of disability. Guidelines for future action are set out.     

普通高校残疾大学生教育关怀探究

教育关怀残疾大学生是大学生教育关怀的一个基本维度。文章针对目前普通高校残疾大学生教育关怀的现状,在＂以人为本、全面发展、差异性、主体性德育＂原则的指引下,创建有利于残疾大学生主体自我提升,自我全面发展的环境,构建行之有效的教育关怀残疾大学生的策略,形成关怀的合力,最终实现残疾大学生个体的生命价值。     

The development of the special educational needs coordinator role in a higher education setting

UK higher education appears to have generally been slow to adopt an organised means of provision for special educational needs for its students. This may be due to the fact that, historically, relatively few disabled students entered UK higher education. However, there is a growing number of disabled students entering UK higher education institutions, and the figure is likely to increase. It is therefore important and, under the UK Special Educational Needs and Disability Act (2001), legally binding, that UK higher education institutions make appropriate adjustments to their activities so as not to disadvantage or discriminate against disabled students. In this article Mark Taylor examines the development of the special educational needs coordinator role in a higher education setting based upon a two‐year case study in a UK university.     

The relationship between the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition and the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III; Wechsler, 1991) and the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement (K-TEA; Kaufman & Kaufman, 1985) are commonly used in the identification of children for special educational services. However, there is little evidence about the relationship between these two tests among children with handicapping conditions. This study examined the relationship between the WISC-III IQs and K-TEA standard scores in a sample of 72 children with emotional handicaps. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between scores on these instruments. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Play Disabilities: A Reason for Physical Educators to Rethink the Boundaries of Special Education

Disabilities are commonly conceptualized in dualistic ways—specifically as mental or physical in nature and as located in the self rather than in the “other” or “out there.” In this essay I reflect on the consequences of a more holistic understanding of both handicaps and special education. This new approach, I suggest, would reveal something called a play disability. I review the nature of play before discussing the symptoms of this impairment. I discuss play handicaps on the side of human personality and attitude as well as on the side of the world or would be playgrounds. I speculate on what special education pedagogies for the play disabled might look like, cite the life experience of a handicapped pianist in arguing for the importance of play as a central component of good living, and then conclude with reflections on our unique opportunities and obligations in physical education to address any play deficit disorders we find among our students.     

特殊教育何以关涉特殊儿童生活

特殊教育价值必然存在于特殊儿童生活的目的性之中。特殊儿童独特的生活意义就是在补偿缺陷这一现实生活事实之中展现着生命存在,又在超越缺陷这一可能生活的理想之中生成自我完善、创造的无限意义。特殊教育具有对特殊儿童现实生活匮乏性的补偿、改造和批判引领作用,以及超越缺陷、敞开无限发展潜能的终极关切价值。特殊教育对特殊儿童生活的影响主要是基于教育主体间对生活意义的精神关怀关系,要遵循意义世界自我内在生成和建构的逻辑,通过对特殊儿童特殊需要的引导和满足,促进他们自我选择和设计、创造可能生活。     

论医疗机构在“错误出生”中的法律责任

提供医疗服务的医务人员或者医疗机构由于过失没有检查出胎儿有严重的疾病,致使父母误以为胎儿健康而未堕胎生下残疾儿,父母因此可以享有医疗损害赔偿权.赔偿范围应当包括原告母亲及先天缺陷儿的医疗费用,对缺陷儿的人力照顾费用及特殊教育费用.但由于产前诊断存在一些难以避免的误差,某些特殊情况下,不能在错误出生之诉中要求医疗机构承担违约或侵权责任.     

Assessment of Disabled Students in Higher Education: Current public policy issues

Although there are over 68,000 disabled students in higher education programmes in the UK, a laissez-faire policy has been adapted regarding the provision of assessment services for these students, with a result that there have been no statutory duties for these programmes not to discriminate against them. With the introduction of the Special Educational Needs and Disability Act (2001) amending Part IV of the Disability Discrimination Act (1995), it would be timely to consider assessment related issues and benefits from the experiences of the US higher education programmes and educational testing agencies in this area since the mid-1970s. This paper argues that it is the academic achievement of disabled students that should be measured by the assessment services, not their disabilities. Without the provision of reasonable assessment adjustments, as the research shows, it is inevitable that disabilities of disabled students would be measured not their academic achievements, contrary to the main argument put forward by Sharp and Earle (2000) among others. The paper argues for a historical role for the educators and administrators of higher education programmes in eliminating discrimination against disabled students in provision of assessment services at every stage of their studies in the long run.     

美国学前阶段特殊教育全纳安置模式述评

美国是实施全纳性学前教育最早的国家之一,以1986年颁布《全体残疾儿童教育法修正案》为标志性起点。美国教育部向国会递交并公开发表的有关特殊教育法实施情况的十多个年度报告从实践层面展示了为全面落实全纳政策,为学前阶段(3-5岁)残疾幼儿提供的8种全纳教育安置模式。这些模式能够为我国学前阶段全纳教育的理论和实践提供参考和借鉴。