The Impact of an SES-Based Model on a College's Undergraduate Admissions Outcomes

In Grutter vs. Bollinger, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the use of race as one factor, among many in admissions decisions is constitutional. It is not known, however, whether future legal opinions will continue to uphold the use of affirmative action policies. Some have argued that class-based preferences can achieve many of the same goals as in affirmative action while being more likely to withstand legal challenges. To date, no empirical studies have been conducted on the potential impact of a class-based admissions policy if implemented at an undergraduate institution. This paper reports on a study at a selective public college and compares a number of outcomes under three admissions models: the original admissions decisions, a purely academic model, and an socio-economic status (SES)-based model. The findings showed that use of the SES-based model would have led to a more academically qualified class than in the original admitted class while maintaining substantially greater student diversity that was found under the academic model. An admissions policy based on preferences for socio-economically disadvantaged applicants appears to hold promise for other colleges and universities with similar institutional and applicant characteristics. The ideas and research design reported in this paper are based on the doctoral dissertation study of the second author, Undergraduate Admissions Models Incorporating Socioeconomic Factors (Johnson, 2000).     

非法集资类涉众型经济犯罪司法实践问题探析

非法集资类涉众型经济犯罪具体涉及集资诈骗罪、非法吸收公众存款罪等罪名,主要特征为未经有权机关依法批准,向社会不特定对象即社会公众吸收资金,承诺在一定期限内还本付息。司法机关在办理此类案件过程中,对一些法律问题存在认识上的分歧,导致案件定性发生困难。同时在案件办理当中存在取证难、追赃难等问题,影响了此类案件办理的法律效果和社会效果。     

我国中小学校园安全管理法律保障问题的研究

该文通过对我国中小学生校园安全管理法律保障问题的研究现状和加强我国中小学生校园安全管理法律保障问题研究必要性的分析,提出了加强我国中小学生校园安全管理的法律保障建设的举措。     

大学招生的卓越性与公平性——美国加州大学的理念及实践

美国加州大学本科招生综合评审制度体现了加州大学致力于实现＂公平合理招收成绩卓越且具有多元智力、经历和背景的学生＂的理念。这一制度要求各分校全面评价学生的学习成绩、个人成就以及为大学作出贡献的潜能,并要求评价时要考虑学生的基础教育机会及其曾经面临的艰难挑战等因素可能对他们的学习成绩和个人发展所造成的影响。这对思考现行中国高校招生中的公平问题具有重要的借鉴意义。     

加强高校学生法律意识的培养势在必行

针对高校校园的法制环境,讨论了对其加强社会主义法律意识培养的必要性,并应贯穿于在校生工作的始终。     

用法治理性建构校园和谐

建设校园和谐关系,以法治理性的价值判断和价值选择审视并优化校园环境,是坚持以人为本、以民主法治原则建设校园和谐关系的关键所在。以民主法治原则构建现代校园和谐关系是法治理性的基本要求;尊重人权是法治理性的真谛;校园和谐需要法治理性的宽容精神;法治理性包含对法制的敬畏和行使自由权利的节制;校园和谐关系呼唤体现法治理性的校园文化。学校教育通过尊重和保护青年学生的正当权利并使其自觉践行义务的过程,使他们长期浸润在崇尚法治的文化氛围里,培养并形成他们未来人生中自觉的、理性的遵纪守法和护法精神。     

高校和谐法治校园建设若干问题探析

法制教育与德育工作的和谐是建设和谐法治校园的基础,加强高校法制教育是建设和谐法治校园的需要,也是建设和谐法治校园的理论依据与实践需求。建设和谐法治校园要紧紧把握主体和谐、内容和谐、客体和谐、机制和谐与目标和谐等几个要素。     

A Framing Primer for Community College Leaders

The purpose of this article is to be a tool for community college leaders, as well as campus members, to positively and effectively utilize framing on their campuses. The fictional case of Maggie Pascal at Midwestern Community College illustrates the process of framing the change of a new partnership with Wind Energy Corporation to internal stakeholders on campus. This case illustrates the importance of understanding context and frames before the action of framing can be activated. A leader can then decide which type of framing to utilize (i.e., step-by-step, vision, or connective) and which language tools will be most effective in framing. The ways a practitioner operationalizes framing is through symbolism, talking, walking, and writing (Eddy, 2010a). This idea of framing is an important skill leaders can proactively develop to support their campuses through change processes to enhance the likelihood for a successful change outcome. Also, this may benefit other campus members who may have the opportunity to frame meaning for others or to be involved in making sense of a leader’s framing.     

An Outreach Framework for Retaining Nontraditional Students at Open‐Admissions Institutions

The author discusses an outreach framework focused on retaining nontraditional students at small open‐admissions institutions. By using both campus and community resources, this approach integrates social work and counseling disciplines in an attempt to meet the needs of this population more effectively. Components of the program, implementation strategies, and limitations are also delineated.     

校园伤害事故的法律思考

近些年,校园伤害事故呈增长势头。教育部发布的《学生伤害事故处理办法》为此类问题的解决提供了法规依据。文章就校园伤害事故的界定、类型及法律责任的承担等问题进行了探讨。     

School Choice in London,England: Characteristics of Students in Different Types of Secondary Schools

In England, parents make “choices” (in reality, “preferences”) for the state-maintained secondary schools they wish their child to attend. If there are more applicants than places, the school's published admissions criteria are used to give priority to applicants. This article examines how school composition in London varies by first comparing schools that are overtly academically selective with those that are nominally “comprehensive” (“all ability”); second, comparing “comprehensive” schools that control their own admissions with those that do not; third, comparing schools with and without selective admissions criteria; and fourth, comparing schools that use religious criteria with those that do not. We find that school compositions vary. Academically selective schools have fewer students from poor households than comprehensive schools in the same area and have fewer Black and more Indian and Chinese/Other Asian students. Comprehensive schools with autonomy over admissions admit higher attaining students and have fewer students from poor households and with special educational needs, and those with selective admissions criteria admit higher performing children. There are fewer Bangladeshi/Pakistani students and more Black students in schools with a religious character than in those without. Although a range of factors are likely to play a role in explaining the variation in school composition, the evidence suggests that there is “selecting in” and “selecting out” of more desirable students by some schools. Implications for policy are highlighted.     

Social Status and the Effects of Legal Concealed Firearms on College Campuses

Research consistently shows that students and faculty are generally against expanding access to firearms on campus, and many stakeholders worry about the effects of campus carry laws on student violence, civility, and feelings of safety. We contribute to this literature by investigating how potential changes to campus carry policies affect students’ reported commitment to campus activities. Theories explaining fear of crime and social commitment led to hypotheses that predict members of socially disadvantaged groups—specifically women and minority students—would report less favorable attitudes toward gun possession on campus, greater feelings of vulnerability to victimization, and less commitment to the college environment when students or staff may possess guns. Hypotheses received support, and add to the growing literature documenting potential issues that legislators, administrators, and faculty might consider when debating the enactment of campus carry policies.     

Capabilities of traditional quantitative admissions criteria in predicting performance of off‐campus engineering graduate students enrolled in videotaped courses

This paper examines many of the traditional measures used to admit students to tertiary study and tests their efficacy against subsequent performance. The groups involved were on‐campus and off‐campus engineering students. The conclusions were that traditional admissions criteria offer little in their ability to predict student performance in the different modes of study.     

强化当代大学生法制教育的思考

不断涌现的高校恶性事件显示出当代大学生法制观念淡漠,暴露出我国高校法制教育的薄弱性,强化法制教育迫在眉睫。本文主要从当代大学生法制教育的重要性和必要性、教育现状、内容和途径等几个方面进行了阐述,拟在对现行高校法制教育提供切实可行的改进措施,提高法制教育的教学质量,增强当代大学生社会主义法制观念。     

The Level of Decision-Making,Perceived Influence,and Perceived Satisfaction of Faculty and Their Impact on Student Retention in Community Colleges

ABSTRACT

This study expanded on previous models that looked primarily at student and support factors related to student retention and examined other stakeholder group functions not previously reviewed in relation to student retention. The research question assumed that greater faculty participation in campus decision-making and faculty satisfaction would have been associated with a higher campus student retention rate. The non-experimental retrospective design examined the unanalyzed 2007 community college (CC) Changing Academic Profession (CAP) survey in relation to campus retention rates. The CAP captured faculty perceptions of whether faculty or non-faculty entities were the primary influence on decisions regarding academic matters, as well as a rating of faculty satisfaction. Analysis indicated that CC faculty rated their participation in campus decision-making versus non-faculty entities similarly to the ratings of faculty who had completed the CAP at four-year institutions. When compared with the 2007 retention rate per campus, only faculty job satisfaction was statistically significantly positively associated with student retention. Recommendations for future research include continuing to look at retention as an outcome of a multi-factorial model involving all campus stakeholders, and more research with retention as the outcome.     

高校校园法律文化建设探析

为了避免和减少大学生违法犯罪现象的发生,就必须让法律的观念深入大学生的内心。其中校园法律文化建设就是一个很好的途径。本文通过对校园法律文化建设背景的陈述,探讨了校园法律文化建设的意义和途径。     

校园网络生态系统的构建

校园网络生态系统是整个社会网络生态系统的组成部分,令人担忧的网络生态危机已经在高校网络生态系统中显现,如果不能及时采取有效的措施必将造成极大的危害。树立科学的网络生态观念、构建校园生态道德管理体系、制定完善的高校网络文化法律规范、提高思想政治教育的有效性等方式都对高校网络生态系统的构建有积极的意义。     

Engaging election contention: Understanding why presidents engage with contentious issues

In recent years, technology has made it possible, and in some ways critical, for college and university presidents to increase campus‐wide communication. Following the 2016 US presidential election, many college presidents across the country sent campus‐wide communications in response to the election, while others chose not to respond. The resulting reactions from campus and community stakeholders to these communications, or the lack of communication, from presidents was mixed due to the contentious nature of the election. In an effort to better understand a president’s decision to communicate, this study utilised coded interviews with 12 US flagship institution presidents or vice‐presidents for communication, providing insight into why presidents generally respond to contentious events and, more specifically, why presidents chose to respond to the 2016 election of Donald Trump. Four motivations that generally influenced presidential communications were identified (i.e., responsibility to campus stakeholders, pressure to respond, emphasise university values and the role of a public university), and subsequent sub‐themes were identified while analysing why presidents responded to the 2016 election specifically. This study concludes by offering implications for presidential communication and directions for future research on presidential engagement with contentious events.     

Legacies in Black and White: The Racial Composition of the Legacy Pool

Selective universities regularly employ policies that favor children of alumni (known as legacies) in undergraduate admissions. Since alumni from selective colleges and universities historically have been disproportionately white, admissions policies that favor legacies have disproportionately benefited white students. For this reason, legacy policies lead to additional costs in terms of reductions in racial diversity. As larger numbers of minority students graduate from colleges and universities and have children, however, the potential pool of legacy applicants will change markedly in racial composition. This analysis begins with a review of the history and objectives of the preference for children of alumni in undergraduate admissions. We then consider the specific case of the University of Virginia and employ demographic techniques to predict the racial composition of the pool of potential legacy applicants to the university. Significant changes in the racial composition of classes that graduated from the University of Virginia from the late 1960s through the 1970s foreshadow similar changes in the characteristics of alumni children maturing through the next two decades.     

Is meritocracy fair? A qualitative case study of admissions at the University of Oxford

This paper applies an original framework to disentangle the concept of meritocracy, and the relationship between meritocracy and fairness, in elite university admissions. In Britain, elite universities are regularly criticised for being unmeritocratic and by implication unfair, but stakeholders often lack a shared understanding of meritocracy and confound it with outcomes-based measures of fairness. Interview data from admissions tutors at the University of Oxford, viewed through the prism of Joseph Soares’s ideological categories of organic conservatism, democratic elitism and social democratism, indicate that Oxford admissions are highly meritocratic. Thus the question arises: in a deeply unequal society, where academic achievement correlates with family income and social class, is meritocracy a satisfactory admissions framework? The conclusion outlines an alternative path of ‘outcomes-based meritocracy’, as exhibited by the University of California, that makes significant inroads towards integrating social inclusion and academic excellence.