公共选择视阈下中国大学学术组织决策的困境与出路

本文从公共选择理论的视角,探讨了大学学术组织决策过程中存在的决策规则、投票活动以及权力制衡等三大困境,对此提出了革新规则、优化过程和平衡权力等三大克服困境的举措.     

大学生学业情绪与学习投入的关系:学业自我效能感的中介作用

为探讨大学生学业情绪与学习投入之间的关系,以及学业自我效能感在其中的中介作用,采用学习投入量表(UWES-S)、大学生学业情绪量表和学业自我效能感量表对1030名在校大学生进行问卷调查。结果发现:(1)大学生学习投入普遍处于中等水平;(2)学习投入与积极活动定向学业情绪、积极结果定向学业情绪、消极结果定向学业情绪以及学业自我效能感均呈显著正相关,与消极活动定向学业情绪呈显著负相关。(3)学业自我效能感在积极活动定向学业情绪、积极结果定向学业情绪、消极活动定向学业情绪与学习投入之间起部分中介作用,在消极结果定向学业情绪与学习投入之间不存在中介作用。     

学术竞争力:世界一流大学的重要标志

大学的本质在于其学术性。学术竞争力是世界一流大学的重要标志,其中学术资本竞争力是世界一流大学的基础,学术组织竞争力是世界一流大学的支柱,学术文化竞争力是世界一流大学的灵魂,学术成果竞争力是世界一流大学的表征,学术(系统)外部关系竞争力是世界一流大学的一种财富。     

Poor and Rich: Student Economic Stratification and Academic Performance in a Public Research University System

One sees various efforts in developed as well as in developing economies to seek a greater participation of lower‐income students in their nation's leading universities. Once lower‐income students do enroll in a highly selective institution, what happens to them? How well do they do academically when compared to their more wealthy counterparts? How integrated are they into the academic community and in their satisfaction with their choice and sense of support by the institution and fellow students? These are crucial questions, if and when élite universities in various parts of the world become more representative of their general population; the stated desire of most of these institution, virtually all of which are nationally funded entities that must justify their public subsidies. This paper explores the divide between poor and rich students, first comparing a group of selective US institutions and their number and percentage of Pell Grant recipients and then, using institutional data and results from the University of California, Student Experience in the Research University Survey (SERU Survey), presenting an analysis of the high percentage of low‐income undergraduate students within the University of California system; who they are, their academic performance and quality of their undergraduate experience.     

How Much Gender Disparity Exists in Salary? A Profile of Graduates of a Major Public University

Research in Higher Education -     

Academic Self-Concept and Academic Self-Efficacy: Self-Beliefs Enable Academic Achievement of Twice-Exceptional Students

Many studies have reported that twice-exceptional (2e) students were vulnerable in psychological traits and exhibited low-academic self-concept and academic self-efficacy. Such vulnerability may cause their academic failures. This study applied interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), a qualitative approach to investigate the perceptions of academic self-concept and academic self-efficacy in six 2e students from a Singapore secondary school. Results demonstrate that 2e students could possess high-academic self-concept and academic self-efficacy that empower their academic success. This study suggests strategies such as focusing on the 2e students’ strength areas and developing their interests in particular academic domains to enable their development of high-academic self-concept. We also recommend practices such as creating the experiences of success, practicing effective parental and teacher support, and providing positive peer influence to foster 2e students’ high-academic self-efficacy.     

Cultivating a Culture of Undergraduate Research at a Public Comprehensive University

Abstract

Winthrop University is a public comprehensive university of about 6000 students, 5000 of whom are undergraduates. The Department of Mathematics offers a baccalaureate degree in mathematics, but has no graduate degree programs. As late as 2009, there was essentially no undergraduate research in the department. At this time, faculty made efforts to cultivate a research program that would motivate faculty to pursue more scholarly opportunities and include undergraduates in their scholarship. These efforts began with in-house-sponsored summer programs that lasted a few weeks and grew over the subsequent 5 year period to several externally funded undergraduate research programs, including a National Science Foundation-sponsored Research Experience for Undergraduates program. In this paper, we discuss some lessons we learned in developing a culture of undergraduate research. We focus on the advantages and challenges of undergraduate research at primarily undergraduate universities, offer advice for starting or growing a research program, and provide resources for funding undergraduate research.     

Artist or Art Teacher: The Role of Gender in Identity Formation and Career Choice

This interview-based research study examines gender differences in the experiences and self-perception of art teachers and their attitudes about the often conflicting dual creative and professional roles they inhabit.     

大学生性别角色与职业成熟度的相关研究

以赣南师范学院、武汉科技大学、太原科技大学的466名大学生为被试对象,采用新编大学生性别角色量表和大学生职业成熟度量表进行问卷调查,结果发现：大学生性别角色类型分布双性化占34．9％：未分化占32．0％;女性化占17．3％;男性化占15．9％;大学生男性特质与职业成熟度呈显著相关．女性特质与职业成熟度之间也存在显著相关;不同性别角色类型在职业成熟度上的得分存在显著差异,未分化个体的职业成熟度显著低于其他三种性别角色类型,其他类型两两之间无显著差异。     

Class Size and Student Performance at a Public Research University: A Cross-Classified Model

This study addresses several methodological problems that have confronted prior research on the effect of class size on student achievement. Unlike previous studies, this analysis accounts for the hierarchical data structure of student achievement, where grades are nested within classes and students, and considers a wide range of class sizes across various disciplines. Based on data from undergraduate class sections at a single institution, the study provides consistent evidence of a negative effect of class size on grade performance, most substantially affecting the achievement of “A” grades with lesser effect on grades of “C” or higher. Because models with logarithmic specification show superior fit, this study also demonstrates that the effect of class size on students’ final grades diminishes as the class size increases. These findings suggest that a larger impact on student performance could be attained by further trimming enrollment in small classes than by reducing class size overall.     

重大疫情中大学生公共精神培育路径研究

全国人民抗击新冠肺炎疫情不仅需要充分的物资保障,更需要强大的精神支持。大学生作为社会的重要群体,其公共精神的彰显和培育是打赢疫情防控阻击战的精神利器和重点任务。疫情应对中,大学生公共精神突出表现为理性与冲动并存、网上与网下联动、坚定与困惑交织等基本特质。疫情防控形势下大学生公共精神的培育体现了新思想对青年理想人格塑造的价值诉求,彰显了国家治理现代化的时代吁求,促进了大学生成熟成长与全面发展。回应与契合时代要求,激发与融入时代课题,耦合与超越时代现状是疫情防控工作的致思取向和践履指向。     

学术金字塔中的“她力量”：高校工科 女性教师科研自我效能感研究

高校女性教师是科技人才队伍的重要组成部分，是我国科技事业十分重要的力量，然而这一群体仍面临着人数较少、职业发展遭遇瓶颈、生育友好型环境有待提升等困境。研究基于科研自我效能感理论，运用混合研究方法，对上海6所高校204位工科女性教师开展问卷调查，并辅之以质性访谈，探索工科女性教师科研自我效能感现状及其影响因素。研究发现：工科女性教师的科研概念化能力、执行和汇报能力自我效能感水平相对较高；日均照顾子女和长辈的时间、对自身的领导能力和担任领导职位的自信程度等因素均对其科研自我效能感产生显著正向影响。基于上述结果，研究从国家和高校两个层面对工科女性教师人才的支持政策提出建议。     

大学学术规范与学术评价研究

分析了大学学术规范和学术评价的现实意义,提出了建立健全大学学术规范与学术评价工作的方法,认为把学术规范与学术评价联系起来进行研究,能促进学术规范和谐发展。     

高校公益型社团的育人功能及培养路径——以聊城大学为例

高校公益型社团是开展大学生思想政治教育的重要载体,是高校第二课堂的引领者。社团在提高大学生综合素质、增强服务社会及他人、培养创新型和实践型人才方面,发挥着重要的功能。目前,公益型社团的发展存在着一些困境,因此,增强学生社团的精神内核、打造品牌活动、开拓外部资源机制就成为高校公益社团的主要路径选择。     

Student-Faculty Interaction: A Key to Academic Integration and Success for Ethnic Minority Students at a Major University in Southwest China

This study examines the academic performance and “engagement” of ethnic minority students at a leading university in southwest China. Results indicate that ethnic minority students have significantly lower grades, lower class ranking, and have failed more courses than majority Han students. Results also show that the level of student-faculty interaction (SFI) for ethnic minority students is significantly lower than for Han students. Study results also indicate that average scores in coursework and student ranking among their cohorts are significantly, but weakly, correlated with SFI. The study concludes that SFI may have little influence on students’ academic achievement itself, but would help students integrate into the college community, enabling a sense of belonging, which is a major factor in supporting academic success among ethnic minority students.     

Reconstructing Gender at University: Men as victims

The present study aims to contribute to recent developments in feminist and social constructionist work in the arena of masculinities in higher education by examining the talk within three all-male psychology student discussion groups. One of the authors facilitated the sessions by maintaining a broad focus on gender-related issues and the conversations were subsequently transcribed and subjected to a discourse analysis. The men's talk, although complex and often contradictory, functioned largely to present contemporary gender relations as empowering for women and disempowering for men. To this end, the main discursive strategies are highlighted and ideological import of the men's talk is discussed. In particular, it is argued that such talk continues to reproduce inequality through stereotypical presentations of men and women (even when those very discourses are criticised by the men) and precludes change of the present status quo through claims that women are already in a favourable position in terms of education and employment.     

The Relationship Between Adult Self-Efficacy and Scientific Competencies: the Moderating Effect of Gender

This study investigated the relationship between adult self-efficacy in science and scientific competencies of Taiwanese citizens. Probability proportional to size sampling was used to select 1830 participants between the ages of 18 and 70. The research methods employed was survey research; analysis was conducted using hierarchical regression analysis. The results indicated that gender and self-efficacy have an explanatory power for scientific competencies. The predictive power of self-efficacy for scientific competencies was different for male and female groups. This study proposes several suggestions regarding science education policies in accordance with the research findings.     

大学生性别角色与心理健康水平关系的研究

为深入了解大学生性别角色类型与心理健康水平的关系,本研究采用钱铭怡等人编制的中国大学生性别角色量表（CSRI）与SCL-90量表,对随机分层抽取的四所不同类型的220名在校大学生进行了测查.结果表明：大学生中,双性化者心理健康最佳,其次为男性化、女性化以及未分化.结论：两维性别图式有其合理性,但传统的性别图式观依然具有现实意义;双性化人格以其良好的社会适应性及心理健康水平而成为当代大学生人格发展的理想模式.     

论高校图书馆的学术研究

高校图书馆是为教学和科研服务的学术性机构,其学术研究是高校图书馆办馆水平档次的体现,在知识经济时代,深入开展学术研究可以提高图书馆的地位,促进高校图书馆工作的改革。文章论述了高校图书馆开展学术研究工作的重要性,探讨了高校图书馆开展学术研究的优势及内容,并提出了搞好这一工作的具体措施。