基于元分析的用户在线健康信息搜寻行为影响因素研究

【目的/意义】针对现有用户在线健康信息搜寻行为的实证研究中存在的结果不一致现象,对该领域相关 研究进行梳理验证,旨在明确影响用户在线健康信息搜寻行为的真正因素以及关键调节变量,揭示用户在线健康 信息搜寻行为产生的直接原因,为完善用户在线健康信息搜寻行为理论体系及相关领域的后续研究提供借鉴。【方 法/过程】选取 25篇符合标准的中外文献进行元分析,探究影响因素及其影响程度,从国内外研究情境、用户的社 会属性与健康状况三个维度探讨影响因素与在线健康信息搜寻行为间的调节效应。【结果/结论】结果表明,10个因 素对用户在线健康信息搜寻行为有显著正向影响,其中信息质量的影响强度最高,感知风险、信任、自我效能及感 知有用性对在线健康信息搜寻行为的影响强度较弱,同时验证了国内外研究情境、用户的社会属性与健康状况对 在线健康信息搜寻行为具有调节作用。【创新/局限】本文采用元分析方法,通过对前人研究结果的再分析,得到更 加精准的研究结论,是对在线健康信息搜寻领域现有研究的有力补充。但对元分析方法的应用还较为单一,未涉 及各影响因素间的关系,有待后续进一步研究。     

Collaborative networks and product innovation performance: Toward a contingency perspective

An increasing number of studies have examined the impact of collaborative networks on product innovation performance, but have produced inconsistent results. This research contributes to existing literature by examining how absorptive capacity affects the relationships between different types of partners and product innovation performance. The sample used in this research is drawn from the Taiwanese Technological Innovation Survey (TTIS) database. A moderated hierarchical regression approach is used to analyze the models, which are further explored by firm size and industry type. Some interesting findings appear. First, absorptive capacity positively moderates the impact of vertical collaboration on the performance of technologically new or improved products. Second, the effect of absorptive capacity on the relationship between supplier collaboration and the performance of new products with marginal changes varies based on firm size and industry type. Third, absorptive capacity negatively affects the relationship between customer collaboration and the performance of marginally changed products. Fourth, absorptive capacity positively affects the relationship between competitor collaboration and the performance of new products with marginal changes for large firms. Fifth, absorptive capacity negatively affects the relationship between collaboration with research organizations and the performance of technologically new or improved products. On the contrary, absorptive capacity positively affects the impact of collaboration with research organizations on the performance of marginally changed products. These results enrich current understanding of the relationships between collaborative networks and product innovation performance.     

技术创新联盟网络对企业创新绩效的影响机理研究—企业如何借助联盟能力提升绩效？

技术创新联盟是合作创新的重要载体,现有研究证实了产业技术创新联盟的网络特质对企业创新绩效发挥作用,但相关作用机理并未得到深入研究。联盟网络究竟是如何对企业创新绩效产生影响的,作为联盟成员的企业又该如何利用好联盟的力量提升绩效？文章提炼了联盟能力为中介变量,并分别探究联盟网络特质及企业创新绩效与其关系机理。同时,提出相应的研究假设,并构建关系模型。最后,为企业如何借助联盟能力提升绩效提出建议。     

时机选择、追赶陷阱与企业能力重构

      后发企业在追赶过程中如何选择最佳追赶时机、如何规避追赶陷阱、如何进行能力重构等问题一直是学界和业界关注的焦点。本文采用案例研究方法,通过剖析一家芯片企业过去15年间的成败得失,对上述问题进行逐一解答。研究发现：市场需求状况、市场分层结构、技术迭代速率、技术获取成本、产业分工体系、产业知识流动等时机因素在后发企业快速崛起和高速发展过程中发挥着重要的作用。研究还发现：组织惯性陷阱、创新范式陷阱、品牌低端化陷阱是后发企业在追赶过程中所面临的主要陷阱,企业要想规避上述陷阱,需要从组织学习、组织保障、创新协同、创新来源、品牌定位、品牌维护等方面寻求相应的对策和方案。上述研究发现丰富了现有后发追赶理论体系,同时,为处在探索和追赶之中的中国后发企业提供了宝贵的经验和借鉴。     

用户参与与企业NPD绩效关系研究——以跨界协调为中介

    用户参与企业创新是提高新产品开发绩效的重要手段,但在吸纳用户参与自身创新过程时,企业需要在开放式创新的价值共创之利与管理复杂性之弊之间进行权衡。不同类型用户参与对企业NPD效应的差异及影响机理仍未得到充分揭示。基于创新理论与组织理论,采用444份国内企业样本,探索用户作为企业外部能动的创新源参与到企业创新过程中,对企业的组织协调机制及技术创新绩效的影响。发现：企业吸纳用户参与创新将有利于提升NPD绩效,但不同模式的用户参与提升企业NPD绩效的组织过程存在差异;用户以信息提供的方式参与企业创新,对企业NPD提升效应最强;组织跨界协调在用户参与提升企业NPD绩效的过程中起中介作用,特别是,对于用户作为独立创新者的参与方式,企业须经由正式设计的跨职能沟通机制,才能真正利用其有效贡献于企业NPD绩效的提升,否则用户独立创新可能对企业NPD绩效造成损害。文章最后讨论了理论贡献、管理意义与研究局限。     

核心技术、互补资产与后发企业的超越追赶

核心技术与互补资产是后发追赶过程中两种不同的主导策略,后发企业往往面临两种策略如何选择与平衡的难题。本文通过海天塑机集团2001~2017年在全电动注塑机技术领域追赶的案例研究,发现后发企业由后二次创新向一次创新的超越追赶动态过程中,主导追赶策略经历了从核心技术到互补资产再到二者并重的演化;从组织双元视角看,在该过程中,企业经历了从探索与利用序列交替的间断型平衡模式向探索与利用共时进行的双元型平衡模式的转变。本文研究发现不仅揭示了后发企业从后二次创新向一次创新的超越追赶机制,同时深化了我们对后发追赶动态性的理解。     

互联网虚拟品牌社区产品创新绩效研究

在网络虚拟品牌社区（OUIC）前端创新环节,企业是否参与、何时参与、如何参与知识创造管理不仅会影响到企业的产品创新绩效,甚至会影响企业在市场中的核心竞争力。本研究选择具有一定高新技术信息支撑的家电电器行业OUIC为研究背景,引入创意组合管理（IPM）为研究的核心变量,通过构建不同创意主题发布模式（B端创意主题与C端创意主题）与不同前端创新阶段（创意产生阶段与创意发展阶段）的2×2组间设计来验证相关命题。结果表明,针对不同创意主题社区,企业采取的不同决策行为,对产品创新绩效均存在显著差异。（1）证明了不同创意主题发布模式（B端创意主题或C端创意主题）,会对用户的知识创造力产生差异性影响。B端创意主题（企业主导发布）,企业可以引导社区用户重点进行新产品核心子系统相关创意的开发;C端创意主题（用户主导发布）,企业可以引导社区用户重点进行新产品周边子系统相关创意的开发。（2）验证了在用户参与OUIC 前端创新环节知识创造过程中,企业实施创意组合管理（IPM）对用户知识创造力与产品创新绩效产生的正面显著效果。（3）验证了用户参与OUIC前端创新环节知识创造过程中,企业对用户创新行为的最佳干预时机。在B端创意主题（企业主导发布）下,企业在创意产生阶段（第一阶段）实施创意组合管理（IPM）为最佳导入时机;C端创意主题（用户主导发布）下,企业在创意发展阶段（第二阶段）实施创意组合管理（IPM）为最佳导入时机。研究在理论上不仅丰富和完善了虚拟经济营销管理相关理论,而且在应用上有助于企业利用互联网工具为产品创新发掘新的途径,并培育企业市场核心竞争力。     

Another pathway to complementarity: How users and intermediaries identify and create new combinations in innovation ecosystems

The value that users might derive from products and services increasingly depends on their complementarity with other products and services. Whereas prior work has emphasized how firms and complementors design for complementarity, we shift attention to how complementarity arises in use. This study is situated in the smart home market where digital products offer an unbridled range of conceivable combinations, and users may combine products in their system of use that are not initially designed for complementarity. Through a multi-method multiple case study, we distinguish a user pathway besides a producer pathway to establishing complementarity. Complementarity presupposes both the identification of complementary combinations as well as creating technical compatibility between products. In the producer pathway, firms focus mostly on creating technical compatibility while in the user pathway, users identify complementary combinations that go beyond those foreseen by firms. Intermediary toolkits can assist users in creating combinations, and we find that, ultimately, the user pathway also facilitates the producer pathway. Our findings offer insights into the important role of users and intermediaries in innovation ecosystems and extend the scope of user innovation.     

Knowledge asset similarity and business relational capital gains: evidence from European manufacturing firms

This paper leverages the concept of absorptive capacity to explore whether similar configurations of intellectual capital (IC) are associated with the performance of relational capital in firms. It proposes a novel implementation of graph theory to analyse similarities in knowledge assets. We use Community Innovation Survey data to examine 5813 manufacturing firms in 13 business sectors and 13 European countries. While firms rely on external relations to compensate for a lack of internal assets, we find that a company’s propensity to cooperate in innovation is associated with its own IC profile. In particular, firms with common knowledge assets are more likely to benefit from business relational capital. The main contribution of this study lies in a holistic approach to understanding how similarities in knowledge assets are linked to gains in business relational capital.     

Concentration on the few: mechanisms behind a falling share of innovative firms in Germany

Innovation activities in the German business sector showed two opposing trends over the past two decades: While total innovation expenditures grew substantially, the number of firms conducting innovation activities fell sharply. In this paper, we explore the mechanisms behind the declining trend in the share of innovation active firms. Considering both input (R&D activities) and output (introduction of innovations), we model innovation decisions as a multi-stage process using continuous-time Markov chain analysis. We base our analyses on a 14-year panel from the German part of the Community Innovation Survey. Our results show that smaller firms and firms in sectors with less innovation competition are more likely to stop innovating. We also show that better financial situation and public funding can mitigate the trend towards a falling share of innovating and R&D-performing firms.     

Passing the European Patent Office: evidence from the data-processing industry

This explorative paper investigates how firms in the global data-processing industry that seek patent protection for their innovations in Europe have coped with the patentability requirements of the European Patent Office. Starting from a continuous research spectrum with basic research on the one extreme and development on the other, the main hypothesis is as follows: firms that carry out more basic research are more successful in passing the patent office than firms that focus more on development. Basic research explores more novel and unknown technical paths, while development aims more at modifying and redesigning existing products. Therefore, the results from more basic-oriented research are expected to fulfill the patentability requirements relatively more often than the results from development. This hypothesis is tested and largely confirmed for the global data-processing industry (with a sample of 44 firms) in the period 1986–1990, using indirect variables for basic research and development.     

中美贸易摩擦影响中国企业研发国际化吗?

基于2001-2019年美国对华发起的贸易调查事件,以我国A股制造业上市公司为研究对象,检验中美贸易摩擦对中国企业研发国际化的影响。研究发现：受出口管制、进口竞争和市场压力的影响,贸易调查涉案企业会选择在下一期减少研发国际化活动。进一步检验发现,上述负面冲击在遭受反倾销或反补贴调查的企业,在美国或发展中国家开展研发活动的企业,以及技术密集型、资本密集型的产业中更显著。根据上述结论,本文提出了应对中美贸易摩擦冲击的建议。     

在线印象管理视角：创新动机与创新绩效研究

企业创新活动逐渐由封闭走向开放,互联网品牌创新社区成为企业创新的重要场所。本文基于社会心理学的视角,以在线印象管理为核心概念,对用户创新参与动机、印象构建行为及对创新绩效的影响进行了研究。实证发现：追求知识共创动机和追求网络社交动机的社区成员,采用获得性印象管理行为的可能性显著大于采用保护性印象管理行为;追求社群认同动机的社区成员,采用保护性印象管理行为的可能性显著大于采用获得性印象管理行为。品牌创新社区成员的社龄长短对采纳印象管理行为产生影响。获得性印象管理行为较保护性印象管理行为对品牌创新社区的创新绩效有更正面的影响。本研究拓展了品牌创新社区用户研究的理论视角,也为企业识别在线用户创新参与动机,从而制定合适的激励机制以提升创新绩效提供了建设性的启示。     

将创新创业教育融入高校人才培养全过程的路径研究--以湖北科技学院为例

创新创业教育是深化高校教学改革、提高人才培养质量的重要途径。该文将湖北科技学院树立的创新创业教育理念、建立的课程体系作为研究支点,探索如何将创新创业教育与人才培养有机结合,着力从组织保障、课堂教学、课程改革、教师队伍建设等方面采取强有力的应对措施。     

Overcoming cultural barriers in open innovation processes through intermediaries: a theoretical framework

Certain cultural barriers, such as insufficient openness, aversion to risk-taking, organizational inertia and specific syndromes could inhibit successful Open Innovation processes. However, how Open Innovation Intermediaries help in overcoming obstacles to successfully achieve Open Innovation processes, has not yet been analysed in depth. This paper aims to fill this gap, relying on extant contributions of Open Innovation processes, Open Innovation Intermediary features and types. Based on the distinction between outside-in, inside-out and coupled Open Innovation processes, the theoretical framework developed here identifies specific cultural barriers affecting each process and suggests which intermediary types could be more suited to sustain firms undergoing these processes. The framework supports firms opening up their internal R&D activities to choose the intermediary type most suitable for adaption to an appropriate culture, as well as overcoming any possible cultural barriers.

     

Satisfying heterogeneous user needs via innovation toolkits: the case of Apache security software

Manufacturers customarily provide only a few product variants to address the average needs of users in the major segments of markets they serve. When user needs are highly heterogeneous, this approach leaves many seriously dissatisfied. One solution is to enable users to modify products on their own using “innovation toolkits.” We explore the effectiveness of this solution in an empirical study of Apache security software. We find high heterogeneity of need in that field, and also find that users modifying their own software to be significantly more satisfied than non-innovating users. We propose that the “user toolkits” solution will be useful in many markets characterized by heterogeneous demand.     

基于增强对抗网络和多模态融合的谣言检测方法

【目的/意义】随着社交网络的复杂化,当前谣言往往是由描述事件的文本、对应的图片或者视频组成,多种 模态的谣言更容易给用户传达一种错误的认知。现有谣言检测的研究往往只使用谣言文本特征,且未能充分挖掘 谣言与事件存在的联系。【方法/过程】因此本文提出一种基于增强对抗网络和多模态融合的谣言检测方法,使用 BERT 和 Text-CNN 提取文本特征,使用 VGG-19网络提取图像特征,再通过注意力机制捕捉多个模态的特征交 互,最后使用增强对抗网络来挖掘谣言和事件之间联系。【结果/结论】在公开的微博多模态数据集上进行对比实 验,实验结果表明该方法检测的准确率达到了 92.5%,相较于传统单模态和现有多模态模型,提升了约 10%~20%。 【创新/局限】本文将对抗网络和多模态特征融入谣言检测中,有效提升了谣言检测的效果,但目前仅尝试了文本和 图像两种模态的结合,如何融合更多模态的特征后续有待研究。     

用户创业研究综述及未来展望

用户因当前产品或服务无法满足自身需求,而主动进行创新并将其商业化的过程称为“用户创业”。用户创业主体及其创业活动均呈现独特性,然而现有研究主要从各自研究视角关注用户创业的某方面问题,缺乏对用户创业进行全面揭示。基于此,本研究在系统梳理经典文献基础上首先界定用户创业内涵,随后提炼用户创业动机,梳理用户创业的关键影响因素,进一步从机会开发和资源开发视角解析用户创业活动独特性,最后总结用户创业结果。在此基础上,本研究构建用户创业的综合研究框架,总结当前研究不足并展望未来研究方向,为后续研究奠定基础。     

基于扎根理论的用户持续性反馈行为影响因素研究

【目的/意义】在信息时代,对用户持续性反馈行为的影响因素进行探究,有助于提高用户持续性反馈行为 频率,从而更好地为用户提供服务。【方法/过程】通过半结构化访谈方式对14名受访者进行调查,运用扎根理论 方法对访谈资料进行分析和归纳,提炼出影响用户持续性反馈行为的因素,构建用户持续性反馈行为的影响因素 模型,并提出了提高用户持续性反馈行为频率的建议。【结果/结论】研究发现,影响用户持续性反馈行为的6个主要 因素,包括系统因素、习惯、满意度、产品因素、感知可靠性、感知成本。其中,系统因素、习惯、满意度、产品因素、感 知可靠性、感知成本会直接影响用户持续性反馈行为,系统因素也会通过影响用户满意度进而影响用户持续性反 馈行为。【创新/局限】本文从用户的角度探索了影响用户持续性反馈行为的因素,对了解用户需求,增加用户的粘 性有一定的帮助。但本文的研究并没有限定领域,因此未来的研究将着眼于特定的领域。     

The effects of knowledge management on innovative success – An empirical analysis of German firms

The aim of this paper is to analyse the effects of knowledge management on the innovation success of firms in Germany. We look at innovative firms in the period from 2000 to 2002 taken from the Mannheim Innovation Panel and estimate the effect of collaborative measures of knowledge management on the immediate economic success of different types of innovations. The results of our matching analysis reveal that firms which apply knowledge management perform better in terms of higher-than-average shares of turnover with innovative products compared to their twins. We do not find a significant effect of knowledge management on the share of cost reductions with process innovation.