对师范教育基础课问题的再思考

<正> 一、伊利诺斯会议80年代是一个对教育的社会需求和教师的职业椎备进行重新考虑的时代。在美国全国对师范教育发生争议的情况下,5月,伊利诺斯州立大学师范学院主持召开了一次全美会议,重新探讨师范教育中有关心理的和社会的教育基础知识的性质。心理学、社会学、哲学、教育史等领域中的专家和一名中学教师应邀撰写论文,探讨师范教育中基础课的作用和职能。这次会议的目的不是确立一个统一的永恒的基础课观念,也不是制定新的基础课程,而是想就师范教育中的基础课问题在美国激发起各种观点的交流。     

国际教师教育范式转移及其哲学基础

20世纪80年代以来,国际教师教育研究与实践出现了一种话语上的转向,这种转向实际是教师教育范式的转移。新的教师教育范式在目标确定、组织管理和课程教学等方面都呈现出新特征。与建立在客观主义哲学基础上的传统教师教育范式不同,新的教师教育范式以主观主义哲学为基础,两种哲学对知识与人性的不同看法是两种教师教育范式差异的根源。     

科学主义视野中的教师教育理念——科南特的教师教育思想

二战后,科南特站在科学主义立场,突破了传统教师教育模式的束缚,对教育学科进行了理性分析,对教育学科课程进行了实证研究,主张在学术专家和教育学教授共同培养教师的模式中,教育学教授作为“教育临床教授”,其主要价值是在学科教育和教育实习中起中介作用。     

Teacher Tests,Equal Opportunity,and the Foundations of Education

In this article, the author relates two cases that foreshadow the cultural politics of colonial structures. Drawing upon poststructural, postcolonial, and psychoanalytic theoretical approaches, the author analyzes a range of textual productions manifested in dispersed sites that have formed the colonial image-repertoire and subjectification of Filipinos as errant children in need of discipline. Beginning with academic studies by American experts on the Philippines during the end of the nineteenth century, the living ethnological displays of Filipinos at the 1901 Buffalo and 1904 St. Louis international expositions in the United States, and finally to publications in the domain of education, the author exposes the structures of power through which racializing stereotypes and pathological populations were formed and perpetuated. The author proposes that criticism aimed at uncovering the colonial legacies of European modernity requires heeding issues of vision as well as language and rethinking the rhetorical form of contemporary educational inquiry. The author concludes by suggesting that studies of education can benefit from criticism animated by non-discursive language. Deploying Kaja Silverman's notion of heteropathic recollection to address the aesthetic strategies of contemporary artist Manuel Ocampo, the author provides a point of departure from which to engage enduring colonial stereotypes and assumptions that remain embedded in the present.     

高等教育转型视野下的教师教育改革

在众多影响教师教育改革的因素中,高等教育制度及其特点不容忽视.一些国家师范教育的发展过程表明,由于中等教育层次上师范教育机构的消失和师范教育走向非定向,现代师范(教师)教育与高等教育的关系愈来愈密切.因此,由封闭、定向的师范教育走向开放、非定向的教师教育,应是思考我国教师教育改革的基本出发点.     

论“教育学术”视野中的教师教育

教师教育是在“师范性”与“学术性”矛盾两极的张力作用下发展和逐步完善的。在师范教育向教师教育转化的过程中,必须重新审视教育教学活动的学术理论基础,构建整合性“教育学术”。从“学术”的“人为性”的视角来考察“教育学术”时,就能理解“教育学术”的合法性。在“教育学术”视界中,教师教育的发展也具有新内涵。     

Strengthening Clinical Preparation: The Holy Grail of Teacher Education

Efforts to improve teacher education have recently focused in on the importance of well-supervised clinical practice as a critical element of effective preparation. This article outlines the challenges to creating productive clinical experiences for prospective teachers, and identifies strategies that have been found successful in confronting these challenges. These include the development of professional development school relationships that strengthen practice in partner schools and the use of teacher performance assessments that focus attention on pulling together practical skills and providing feedback to candidates and programs.     

融合教育背景下我国高等师范院校特殊教育师资培养模式改革的思考

提高随班就读教育质量,高质量的师资是关键。通过分析国际融合教育发展对教师培养体系改革的影响,发现普通教育和特殊教育知识和技能的融合成为当今教师教育改革的必然趋势。在此基础上,就我国特殊教育师资培养模式进行讨论,并对建立符合我国特殊教育发展实际的高等师范院校特殊教育师资培养体系进行思考与探索,培养特殊教育骨干人才、融合教育专门人才以及随班就读普及型人才是当前特殊教育师资培养模式变革的主要方向。     

教师教育的新展望:迈向博雅精神的新时代

近年来,教师教育改革取得了极大成就,但同样也面临着一些困境.困境突出体现在,受到工具理性主义的影响,我们对教师教育的立场存在着模糊与误解,执着于技术理性取向的教师教育观,而忽视了教师教育所应具有的“博雅”传统.博雅精神的教师教育更关注作为“人”的教育者,要想成为优秀的教育者,必然置放在“幸福”、“自由”、“德性”这一本质意义来理解儿童,理解教育.因此,任何有助于养成儿童之为完全人格、幸福人生、自主意识、德性伦理等方面的熏陶与涵养的功夫均是教师教育必然要考虑的内容.迈向博雅精神新时代的教师教育主要有三层境界,即意识境界、德性境界和心灵境界.意识境界追寻的是成为教育者的“独立之精神,自由之思想”的民主教育精神,德性境界寻绎的是教育者的“内心之修养,穷神之知化”的人文伦理精神,心灵境界上达的则是教育者的“大全之所悟,天地之参化”的人生幸福精神.     

寻找中国教师教育的实践轨迹

中国教师教育在一百余年的发展历程中,既经历了制度性的变迁,政策性的调整,也经历了整个实践方式的变革。从历史发展的视角,研究中国教师教育的实践轨迹,既看到了社会政治实践对教师教育实践的建构,也看到了从国外植入的体制对原有体制的影响,还看到了改革在造就发展的同时,也形成了对发展的羁绊。     

Primary Mathematics Teacher Education in Greece: Reality and Vision

This paper focuses on two main issues concerning the mathematics education of prospective primary school teachers in Greece: the integration of mathematics and pedagogy and the relation of theory to practice. In particular, specific teaching approaches are discussed concerning the problem of integration both in mathematics and in mathematics education courses. The problem of "theory – practice" is examined through an analysis of the kind of teaching practice in which the prospective teachers are involved. Finally, the constraints that the mathematics educators face and the impact of their work on the professional life of the teachers in the future are discussed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

教师教育改革的新视野

目前,我国师范教育体系正在经历着重大改革,即由传统的师范教育向教师教育转变。本文在简要论述我国教师教育改革的基本思路之后,从全称概念的视野明确提出了高校教师培养应当纳入教师教育总渠道,进而从提高大学教师的学历、训练层次、高校教师教育模式分析及教师教育情境分析等方面提出推进高校教师教育改革的思路和建议。     

The Future of Graduate Study in Teacher Preparation in Physical Education

This article speculates about the future of graduate study in pedagogy of physical education. The argument is based on demographic trends, historical developments in the field of physical education, empirical evidence of effective teaching, and experiences with graduate courses that appear to have been successful. The article concludes that the demand for graduate programs, the mechanisms for delivering them, and the content of such programs in teacher education in physical education portend a bright future for the quality of teaching in physical education in America. If this is to be achieved, new efforts at defining the focus of the field of physical education must be undertaken.     

和谐社会视野下教师教育政策的伦理诉求

构建社会主义和谐社会已经成为党和政府的施政理念。和谐社会是一种道德化的社会状态,内含着丰富的伦理意蕴,我国教师教育政策迫切需要凸显其伦理精神。以和谐社会的伦理意蕴审视我国教师教育政策,可以发现其存在工具化、精英化、城市化等伦理缺失。复归教师教育政策的教师专业发展权利本位、建立健全教师的利益表达机制与民主参与制度以及统筹城乡教师教育的均衡发展则成为和谐社会教师教育政策伦理建构的可行路径。