人种志在现代远程教育研究中的应用

人种志在远程教育研究中有着20多年的历史,从90年代开始,人种志越来越成为博士生从事现代远程教育研究的主要方法之一。本文分为五个部分：第一部分介绍人种志的含义;第二部分描述人种志在远程教育研究中的现状;第三部分叙述人种志研究的八个方面的特征;第四部分阐述人种志研究的七个阶段;最后一部分综合分析人种志资料分析常用的计算机软件。最后,作者提出,我国需要开发中文的定性资料分析的计算机软件,以提高我国教育工作者进行定性研究的实效性。     

Teacher interactions in taking action upon pupil learning outcome data: A matter of attitude and self-efficacy?

Teacher interactions are highly valued in data use. Essential preconditions for teacher interactions are teachers’ attitude and self-efficacy. However, how these factors affect the formation of teachers interactions remains unclear. The present study uses social network analysis to reveal the impact of teachers’ attitude and self-efficacy on their interactive behaviour. The results from seven teacher teams show that attitude and self-efficacy are explanatory for the extent to which teachers seek interaction with colleagues, but not for the extent to which teachers are being consulted for data use action. The use of social network analysis leads to deeper and more refined insights into how teacher interactions, with regard to data use action, are formed compared to regular research methods.     

Contributing conditions: A qualitative comparative analysis of teachers’ instructional responses to data

Despite the press for data-informed decision making, there is still much to learn about when and under what conditions data promote changes in instruction and when they may contribute to other outcomes. The study uses qualitative comparative analysis to examine 245 cases of teachers’ data use in five middle schools from a year-long study in the United States. Analysis points to the important influence that certain types of data, the involvement of a coach or peer group, and the school culture can have on teachers’ instructional responses to data.     

SELECTION FOR SECONDARY TECHNICAL COURSES ‐‐ A REPORT OF A PILOT INVESTIGATION

Data analysis is the most difficult and most crucial aspect of qualitative research. Coding is one of the significant steps taken during analysis to organize and make sense of textual data. This paper examines the use of manual and electronic methods to code data in two rather different projects in which the data were collected mainly by in-depth interviewing. The author looks at both the methods in the light of her own experience and concludes that the choice will be dependent on the size of the project, the funds and time available, and the inclination and expertise of the researcher.     

微博客的信息传播模式及其发展分析

微博客由于其简单、快速、去中心化的传播方式赢得了许多用户的青睐,其影响力在现代社会日益得到彰显。微博客快速发展背后是,数量巨大的用户群体的推动。作为依靠用户产生内容的媒介形式其信息的传播影响力主要体现在用户扩散模式和信息传播模式上。虽然微博客以惊人的速度扩张,但在实际的发展中面对阻力也是多方面的。     

Twitter as an informal learning space for teachers!? The role of social capital in Twitter conversations among teachers

Twitter can contribute to the continuous professional development of teachers by initiating and fostering informal learning. Social capital theory can aid to analyze the underlying communication processes and outcomes. Yet, previous research has largely neglected teachers and the role of social capital on Twitter. The present study addresses this shortcoming by analysing a hashtag conversation among German speaking teachers. Using social network analysis, we are able to show the relevance of the structural dimension of social capital in Twitter conversations among teachers.     

质的研究方法与社会工作

质的研究（qualitative research）方法以其独特的研究角度和理念越来越受到社会科学研究领域的重视。作为一种方法,质的研究具有一定的跨学科性。本文从质的研究方法的理论基础和操作方法上分析,力求指出其对社会工作研究和实践所具有的重要指导意义。     

网络协作学习中互动网络结构分析研究

群组内部的交互机制是当前CSCL研究领域的焦点问题。国内外相关研究发现,互动网络结构是发现群组内部交互工作机理的有效方法之一。通过综述国内外学者的相关成果,分析协作学习中互动网络的形成过程,归纳出互动网络结构存在五个典型特征:连通性、密集性、中心性、内聚力和角色空间,介绍了每种结构特征的分析与测量方法,在此基础上提出网络协作学习中互动网络结构的分析模型,最后使用教学实验对分析模型进行验证,并获得了有意义的研究结论。     

Facilitating the social participation of pupils with special educational needs in mainstream schools: A review of school-based interventions

Inclusive education of pupils with special educational needs (SEN) has become a global trend. However, a considerable number of studies have shown that mere enrolment in mainstream classrooms is not enough to support the social participation of pupils with SEN. These children are at risk of experiencing difficulties in their involvement with peers at school. Thus, the question arises of how social participation can be fostered in mainstream classrooms. A systematic review of 35 studies was conducted to investigate which interventions are effective in inclusive mainstream preschool and elementary classrooms. Teaching interaction strategies to typically developing pupils, group activities in the academic context (cooperative learning and peer-tutoring), support groups for pupils with SEN, and training paraprofessionals to facilitate social interactions, were found to improve the social participation of pupils with SEN in general education classrooms. Nevertheless, there is need for more intervention studies implementing a variety of strategies and including different groups of pupils with SEN.     

Effects of argumentation on group micro-creativity: Statistical discourse analyses of algebra students’ collaborative problem solving

The micro-time context of group processes (such as argumentation) can affect a group’s micro-creativity (new ideas). Eighty high school students worked in groups of four on an algebra problem. Groups with higher mathematics grades showed greater micro-creativity, and both were linked to better problem solving outcomes. Dynamic multilevel analyses of the groups’ 2951 turns of conversation statistically yielded 53 watersheds (breakpoints) that separated 36 high micro-creativity time periods from 37 low ones. Group member actions within the last two speaker turns also influenced micro-creativity. Compared to agreements, recent disagreements yielded 11% greater micro-creativity. Students who behaved rudely (rude disagreements, commands) showed less micro-creativity (−15% and −9%) than those who behaved politely (polite disagreements, questions/statements). In a special case, after a wrong idea, rude rather than polite disagreements raised groupmates’ micro-creativity (+60%). Teachers might encourage students to evaluate ideas carefully, speak politely, and avoid impulsive responses to rude behaviors.     

基于项目的协作学习互动网络分析

互动分析是探究协作学习规律和把握协作学习过程变化的核心。通过七周的实验和运用SNA软件、Ucinet及SPSS进行数据处理与研究发现,整个社会网络的连接数、密度、互惠性、平均度、聚类系数等都有不同程度的提高;小组内高度互动,小组间互动较少;小组密度与小组绩效的相关性极为显著,凝聚子群密度在一定程度上可考察团体的互动情况,辅助判定协作学习是否有效发生;中心度能反映成员及小组的活跃程度,但和学习绩效没有直接关系。     

Complexity and then some: Theories of action and theories of learning in data-informed decision making

This article presents a synthesis of the complexity of using data in education and highlights some of the promise and challenges of adequately understanding data use across the continuum of accountability to instructional influence in the classroom. Several common themes around the complexity of data use were identified: (1) The nature of the data used, (2) the importance and difficulty of educator data capacity building and sense-making, (3) the importance of characteristics of collaboration, (4) the influence of contextual factors of schools, districts and international settings, (5) the potential negative influence of data use in equity considerations, and (6) the difficulty of determining impact of data use and discerning explanations of why data use initiative work some of the times were examined across the articles. This synthesis concludes with a call for an approach to research in data use in education that concurrently engages multiple aspects of the educational system with a focus on multiple levels of theories of learning that address students, teachers, and organizations.     

Modeling and measuring epistemic cognition: A qualitative re-investigation

Since Perry first proposed that students’ beliefs about knowledge and knowing were an important aspect of learning, there has been a proliferation of models of epistemic cognition, and empirical studies of how epistemic cognition relates to learning. Unfortunately, the dominant means of measuring epistemic cognition, self-report instruments, have numerous psychometric problems. These problems prompted us to return to interview methods used by Perry and other seminal researchers, to investigate the degree to which current epistemic cognition models aligned with novices’ and experts’ cognition. Using an exploratory, multiple case qualitative design, we interviewed middle school students and university professors from two domains, biology and history. We found numerous ways in which the current conceptualizations and measures of beliefs about knowledge and knowing may need to be altered. Our recommendations range from the revision of item wordings to a complete rethinking of the very idea of domain-specificity in epistemic cognition research.     

When Scientific Knowledge,Daily Life Experience,Epistemological and Social Considerations Intersect: Students’ Argumentation in Group Discussions on a Socio-scientific Issue

Socio-scientific issues in class have been proposed in an effort to democratise science in society. A micro-ethnographic approach has been used to explore how students elaborate arguments on a socio-scientific controversy in the context of small group discussions. Several processes of group argumentation have been identified. Students’ arguments were elaborated from scientific data, common ideas and epistemological and strategic considerations. Students’ social interactions influenced the patterns of argumentation elaborated within the group discussions. Implications of this study for the teaching of socio-scientific issues in class are discussed.     

在线学习理论研究的现状与趋势--基于SSCI数据库（1994-2013年）的科学计量分析

从概念出现到广泛应用,近20年来对在线学习的理论研究不断深入,并逐渐成为理论界关注的热点话题。通过检索SSCI数据库（1994-2013）20年间有关在线学习理论研究的相关文献,从中选择被引频次最高的30篇文献构建引文数据库及同被引矩阵进行科学计量和社会网络分析。研究结果表明,目前在线学习理论研究分为特色鲜明的四大领域,各领域内部及相互之间具有较强的关联性,整个在线学习理论研究体系处于知识的线性积累阶段,朝着成熟与稳定的方向发展,并具有十分广阔的发展前景。     

社会网络视角下慕课互动关系研究

选择中国大学MOOC平台课程《计算机网络之基础链路》讨论区的两个阶段:开始阶段和整个阶段的教师和学生言论为主要数据来源,采用社会网络分析方法与内容分析法进行纵向的比较和分析,发现在慕课讨论区中,缺乏核心参与者的有效组织和引导,慕课学习者之间的互动交流分散,对知识的交互认知水平处于较低水平。在慕课讨论区发展过程中,教师对交互网络的影响力渐渐减弱,呈现出从以教师为中心向以学生为中心的发展趋势,学习者交流的话题也从寻求社会情感的支持为主逐渐转变为寻求知识的共享与论证。根据研究结果分析,建议从成员交互、有经验人士的参与、自组织建设、组织和引导等方面来促进慕课讨论区的建设,以提高慕课学习者的交互水平。