The three facets of knowledge: A critique of the practice-based learning theory

The community of practice learning theory (Lave and Wenger, 1991) can be credited with establishing the social basis of learning, viewing it as occurring through participation in social practices and activities. However, it remains silent on the cognitive content of what is learned by participants in a community of practice. Nor does it address explicitly the role of individuals in the knowing process. Individuals are merely depicted in terms of a desire to belong to a community, progressing from a peripheral participation position to a more central one. The aim of the present paper is to assess the contribution of Lave and Wenger's (1991) practice theory for educational and other learning social settings. In a schooling context, for instance, Lave and Wenger's (1991) account of learning would imply that what students learn at school is how to relate and belong to the school community. By reducing learning and knowing to participation, and by displacing cognition from individuals to anonymous practices, the practice-based epistemology ignores the significant corpus of content knowledge (such as curriculums) and ascribes too passive a role to individuals and glosses over their differentiated access to resources for changing practices and their differentiated efforts in their social and cognitive development. The present paper suggests an approach to knowledge that takes into account the various facets of knowledge, that is, knowledge as knowledge-productive practices, as content, and as relation to a knowing subject, at the same time preserving the sociality of knowledge and learning.     

What makes bloggers share knowledge? An investigation on the role of trust

As a Web 2.0 technology, blogs are gaining attention as useful knowledge sharing platforms for knowledge management in a collaborative work environment. This study investigates the relationship between trust and bloggers’ knowledge sharing practices. Based on an analysis of results from the 485 survey respondents, the research found that there is the positive relationship between bloggers’ trust and their knowledge sharing practices. This study explores trust in multiple dimensions including economy-based trust, trust in bloggers, and trust in the Internet and trust in blog providers. The detailed research findings are presented.     

企业协同知识创新中的知识共享研究

企业协同知识创新是企业提高动态能力和获取持续竞争优势的重要途径,而知识共享则是协同知识创新活动开展的前提和基础,也是其成败的关键。在分析国内外相关研究成果的基础上,探讨了协同知识创新中知识共享的特征、影响因素及主要问题,结合协同管理理论和知识治理理论分析、探讨了知识共享的过程及其治理机制,进而构建企业协同知识创新的知识共享体系。     

Combining different evaluation systems on social media for measuring user satisfaction

Web 2.0 allows people to express and share their opinions about products and services they buy/use. These opinions can be expressed in various ways: numbers, texts, emoticons, pictures, videos, audios, and so on. There has been great interest in the strategies for extracting, organising and analysing this kind of information. In a social media mining framework, in particular, the use of textual data has been explored in depth and still represents a challenge. On a rating and review website, user satisfaction can be detected both from a rating scale and from the written text. However, in common practice, there is a lack of algorithms able to combine judgments provided with both comments and scores. In this paper we propose a strategy to jointly measure the user evaluations obtained from the two systems. Text polarity is detected with a sentiment-based approach, and then combined with the associated rating score. The new rating scale has a finer granularity. Moreover, also enables the reviews to be ranked. We show the effectiveness of our proposal by analysing a set of reviews about the Uffizi Gallery in Florence (Italy) published on TripAdvisor.     

Emergency knowledge management and social media technologies: A case study of the 2010 Haitian earthquake

The US response to the 2010 Haiti Earthquake was a large effort coordinated by three major agencies that worked in tandem with the Government of Haiti, the United Nations, and many countries from around the globe. Managing this response effort was a complex undertaking that relied extensively on knowledge management systems (KMS). For the first time, however, US government agencies employed social media technologies such as wikis and collaborative workspaces as the main knowledge sharing mechanisms. In this research we present a case study developed through action research of how these social media technologies were used, what influences they made on knowledge sharing, reuse, and decision-making, and how knowledge was effectively (and at times ineffectively) maintained in these systems. First-hand knowledge of the response is used, offering strategies for future deployment of social media and important research questions that remain regarding social media as knowledge management systems, particularly for disaster and emergency management.     

组织内部知识共享的机理与对策研究

本文在对企业内部知识的概念和分类进行分析的基础上 ,详细分析了组织内部知识共享的方法和难点 ,并对推动组织知识共享提出了相关对策     

农户间知识共享研究述评

基于已有文献的回顾,归纳并重新界定农户间知识共享的内涵,建立农户间知识共享要素、过程、功能的三维度分析框架,包括分析农户间知识共享的主体、客体、信息渠道以及共享环境等要素;系统讨论农户间知识共享的知识溢出、知识学习、知识转移及知识创新过程;综合考察农户间知识共享行为推动农户技术采用,进而实现农业技术推广,完善农业产业链发展的积极作用。最后,结合三维分析框架和我国农业产业发展的新形势,提出四点具有潜力的研究方向,以期为后来研究者提供启示与指引。     

探索社保体系城乡一体化建立农村社会风险管理框架

在经济全球化、城乡差距持续扩大的背景下,从统筹城乡发展的高度深入研究农村社会保障问题具有紧迫性。本文着手分析我国农村社会保障制度建设面临的问题,并借鉴国际社会政策领域的新理念,结合我国农村实际,提出农村社会风险管理策略框架。     

企业内知识共享与知识创新的实现

知识共享与知识创新是企业知识管理的关键和直接目标,本文从企业组织结构、企业设施与环境、企业文化和CKO制度四个方面对如何在企业内实现知识共享和知识创新进行了探讨。     

A value-based perspective on supporting and hindering factors for research data management

Research data management (RDM) is an important prerequisite for a substantial and sustainable contribution to knowledge. There is a pressing need to examine why researchers hesitate to store, annotate, share and manage their research data. To model underlying psychological factors influencing researchers’ refusal to conduct RDM, the social exchange theory is extended with elements from prospect theory. Thus, it allows psychological insights into researchers’ decision-making, and illustrates the role of cost and benefit evaluations under uncertainty. Data management policies of a major funding agency were presented to a homogeneous group of researchers from the Information Systems community in Germany. The findings show that many researchers see a high value in RDM but are still held back by uncertainty. While the benefits seem to outweigh the costs, we ascertain the uncertainty factors which hinder researchers’ intention from conducting RDM in the future. The perceived fear of losing control over one's data is identified as a major hindering factor, while the fear of losing one's unique value did not prevail. The study provides novel insights for executives, administrators, and developers in higher education institutions, which are especially important for furthering RDM implementation strategies, as well as for system development.     

科技期刊战略联盟的知识共享机制探析——以中国光学期刊联盟为例

【目的】 探求国内科技期刊联盟中的知识共享机制。【方法】 运用社会网络分析研究方法,以中国光学期刊联盟为研究对象,挖掘、分析并评价科技期刊联盟中的知识共享机制。【结果】 得到中国光学期刊联盟知识共享的整体网络特征和核心-边缘模型。【结论】 国内科技期刊联盟中存在集中趋势不明显导致约束力较低、成员间知识的不对称性加剧两极分化,以及联盟内部资源开发程度不够等问题。针对上述问题提出了相关对策和建议。     

A social recommender mechanism for improving knowledge sharing in online forums

Nowadays, online forums have become a useful tool for knowledge management in Web-based technology. This study proposes a social recommender system which generates discussion thread and expert recommendations based on semantic similarity, profession and reliability, social intimacy and popularity, and social network-based Markov Chain (SNMC) models for knowledge sharing in online forum communities. The advantage of the proposed mechanism is its relatively comprehensive consideration of the aspects of knowledge sharing. Accordingly, results of our experiments show that with the support of the proposed recommendation mechanism, requesters in forums can easily find similar discussion threads to avoid spamming the same discussion. In addition, if the requesters cannot find qualified discussion threads, this mechanism provides a relatively efficient and active way to find the appropriate experts.     

多元视角下基于KMS的知识共享关键影响因素研究

基于社会技术系统观点从个人、社会、组织和技术四个层面建立KMS中知识共享理论模型并试图发现影响知识共享的关键影响因素。采用社会资本理论、认知理论等多元理论视角从四个层面建立基于KMS知识共享的因素模型,通过运用PLS结构方程对来自97家企业183个有效样本的实证研究表明,虽然各层面的变量都对因变量具有显著作用,但社会资本对基于KMS知识共享效应最为显著,其次分别为个人、技术和组织层面。因此,企业应在综合管理措施基础上重点培育组织社会资本,并且利用基于Web 2.0等信息技术的KMS支持员工社会资本的发展促进知识共享,最后总结了知识分享管理中的两种误区。     

从文献组织到知识管理

知识经济时代要求与之相适应的新的管理思想、管理模式和管理方法。图书馆作为信息知识的集散地在新技术的支持下,应发挥其收集、处理知识的资源和技术优势,并加强知识的开发、利用和创新以推进自身的发展,进而促进知识的交流和社会的发展。在我国图书馆首先用知识管理的思想及实践将是一大趋势。     

An empirical investigation of information sharing behavior on social commerce sites

Social commerce sites (SCSs), a new model of social media, provide fertile ground for customers to communicate their opinions and exchange product- or service- related information. Given the significant opportunities related to the use of social media data for customers’ insight, we explore the factors driving information sharing behavior on SCSs. In this paper, we propose and empirically test a comprehensive theoretical model for customer information sharing behavior through analysis of online survey data as well as network and behavioral usage data of over four months from 1177 customers in a SCS. The research model was empirically validated with the use of both subjective and objective data in a longitudinal setting. Our results show that customer information sharing is influenced by both individual (i.e., reputation and the enjoyment of helping others) and social capital (i.e., out-degrees’ post, in-degrees’ feedback, customer expertise and reciprocity) factors. This study contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the role of directed social network in customer information sharing behavior on SCSs. We believe that the results of our study offer important insights to the IS research and practice.