中学生人格与学业拖延的关系：时间管理倾向的中介作用

为探究人格与学业拖延间的关系,揭示时间管理倾向在其间的中介机制,采用大五人格量表简版（NEOFFI）、青少年时间管理倾向量表（ATMD）、中学生学习拖延问卷对305名中学生进行调查。结果发现：（1）中学生学业拖延从总体上处于中等偏下水平;（2）中学生人格各维度、时间管理倾向在各人口学变量之间存在显著差异;（3）中学生学业拖延与神经质有正向相关关系,与宜人性、尽责性、时间管理倾向有负向相关关系;时间管理倾向与神经质有负向相关关系,与外向型、开放性、宜人性、尽责性有正向相关关系;（4）时间管理倾向在神经质与学业拖延之间起部分中介作用,时间管理倾向在宜人性与学业拖延之间起部分中介作用。研究结果表明,人格对学业拖延有重要影响,通过提升中学生的时间管理倾向水平,可以有效降低中学生学业拖延的程度。     

“大五人格”理论下的土家族群体人格特征——重庆土家族民歌视角

特定人文环境、民族历史和文化传统形成了土家族独特的群体人格特征,重庆土家族在生产劳动、男女交往、婚丧习俗和文化交流等方面的民歌都透射出独特的群体人格。根据重庆土家族民歌的个案,运用人格心理学的“大五人格”理论,土家族群体人格特征具体表现为较高的外倾性、宜人性、尽责性、开放性及神经质等。     

大学生人格特质与手机短信的相关研究

采用NEO—PI—R人格测试和自编手机短信（SMS）问卷，以280名大学生为研究对象，考察了大五人格特质及其子维度与SMS使用情况之间的关系。研究表明：1）神经质与使用SMS的担心时间、幻觉经验、作息时间有显著负相关，外倾性与SMS使用数量和作息时间显著正相关，宜人性与SMS使用时间有显著负相关，认真性与总费比例有显著负相关；2）除焦虑（N1）、刺激性（E5）、想象力（O1）、谦虚（A5）、条理性（C2）等八个子维度外，大五人格特质的其他子维度与SMS使用情况均有显著相关；3）SMS使用情况中没有任何一个因素可以对开放性人格特质做出有效预测。     

大学生心理健康、自我控制和人格的关系研究

为探讨心理健康、自我控制和人格的关系,采用自我控制量表、SCL-90症状自评量表和大五人格量表简化版(NEO-FFI),对枣庄学院的166名大学生进行调查.结果发现:(1)心理健康的各维度和大五人格的严谨性等四个维度间存在显著的相关关系;大五人格的严谨性和神经质维度与自我控制的各维度和总均分存在显著的相关;自我控制的各维度及总均分和心理健康的各维度及总均分之间均存在显著的相关关系.(2)自我控制在人格的严谨性维度与心理健康间起完全中介作用,在人格的神经质维度与心理健康间起部分中介作用.     

大学生人格与成就动机关系初探

本研究以397名北京大学的本科学生为对象，试图探讨他们的人格、自我取向成就动机、社会取向成就动机以及年龄等因素之间的关系。通过问卷调查，得到以下结果：（1）年龄与“大五”人格模型中的开放性、愉悦性两个维度有非常显著的负相关，与外向性有比较显著的正相关；（2）年龄与社会取向成就动机有很显著的正相关；（3）公正严谨性、外向性、开放性三个维度与自我取向成就动机有较高的正相关．神经质则与之有较高的负相关;（4）神经质、外向性与社会取向成就动机有比较高的正相关，开放性、愉悦性则与之有显著的负相关;（5）在人格因素对成就动机的回归分析中，公正严谨性、开放性、外向性可以为自我取向成就动机提供很好的预测，神经质、外向性、开放性、公正严谨性则能够为社会取向成就动机提供很好的预测。     

多长的体育锻炼时间更能促进青少年非认知能力发展？——基于中国教育追踪调查的实证研究

基于中国教育追踪调查（CEPS）数据,采用最小二乘法和二次函数方法,测算体育锻炼时长对青少年非认知能力发展的影响效应及最优时长。非认知能力的测量主要采用大五人格理论框架下的尽责性、宜人性、神经质、开放性和外倾性。研究发现：（1）体育锻炼时间增加能显著促进青少年非认知能力的发展。（2）体育锻炼时间与青少年非认知能力发展呈现出非线性的影响关系,对神经质发展产生U型的影响态势,对其他四个维度的非认知能力产生倒U型曲线的影响关系。（3）非认知能力发展导向的最优体育锻炼时长在不同的学生群体中存在差异,整体来看,天均最优时长以不超过90分钟为宜。基础教育在增强体育锻炼的同时,需注重因材施教,在不超身体负荷的前提下促进学生健康发展。     

大学生大五人格和学习策略的关系研究

人格是影响学习的重要因素,探讨人格特征与学习策略之间的关系有着重要的现实意义。以437名大学生为研究对象,采用大五人格问卷和自编大学生学习策略问卷,考察人格与学习策略的关系,结果表明,大五人格中的外倾性、宜人性、责任感和开放性与学习策略存在显著正相关,神经质因子则对学习策略存在显著负相关。     

突发公共卫生事件影响大学生健康焦虑与主观幸福感：大五人格的调节效应

为研究突发公共卫生事件对大学生健康焦虑和主观幸福感的影响,并检验大五人格在其作用机制中的调节效应,在我国新冠疫情的感染暴发期,对国内六所高校的201名大学生进行健康焦虑、主观幸福感和大五人格的问卷调查。结果表明：（1）大学生健康焦虑水平显著高于健康焦虑阈值;（2）大学生健康焦虑对主观幸福感有显著负向预测作用;（3）神经质人格在大学生健康焦虑和主观幸福感之间有显著正向调节效应,外倾性人格在大学生健康焦虑和主观幸福感之间有显著负向调节效应。研究揭示了突发公共卫生事件背景下大学生人格在健康焦虑和主观幸福感之间的调节效应。这为高等院校人才培养,特别是塑造大学生健康人格,增强大学生应对风险事件能力,提升其主观幸福感提供了学理依据。     

多犯罪类型女性犯罪者人格特征研究

为了了解女性犯罪者这一特殊群体的人格特征，并探讨犯罪类型、年龄、文化程度和已服刑时间对她们的人格特征的影响，本研究采用艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）成人版对395名不同犯罪类型的女性犯罪者施测，采用SPSSl0．0对数据进行统计分析。结果表明，不同犯罪类型的女性犯罪者的内外向性（E）、神经质（N）、精神质（P）的得分均高于全国常模，掩饰性（L）的得分低于全国常模，具有高外倾性，高神经质，高精神质，低掩饰性的特征；不同犯罪类型和不同年龄的女性犯罪者的人格特征没有明显的差异；文化程度对女性犯罪者的内外向性（E）和精神质（P）没有明显的影响，对神经质（N）有明显的影响；已服刑时间的长短对女性犯罪者的内外向性（E）和神经质（N）没有明显的影响，对精神质（P）有明显的影响。     

生活事件对中职生抑郁症状的影响：神经质和自尊的链式中介作用

目的：探讨神经质和自尊在中职生生活事件和抑郁之间的内在机制。方法：采用青少年生活事件量表、流调中心抑郁量表、中国大五人格问卷简式版-神经质分量表和自尊量表，对903名中职生进行问卷调查。结果：（1）相关分析显示，中职生抑郁与生活事件、神经质均呈显著正相关，与自尊呈显著负相关；（2）回归分析表明，生活事件直接影响中职生的抑郁，神经质和自尊在其中起独立中介作用，神经质-自尊在其中起链式中介作用。结论：生活事件既可以直接预测中职生的抑郁，又可以通过神经质、自尊起独立中介作用，还可以通过神经质-自尊起链式中介作用。     

Child and Adolescent Predictors of Personality in Early Adulthood

This study investigated development of the Big Five personality traits from early childhood into adulthood. An initial group of 137 Swedish children were assessed eight times between ages 2 and 29 years. Initial decreases in extraversion leveled off in early adulthood; agreeableness and conscientiousness increased from ages 2 to 29; neuroticism initially increased, leveled off in later childhood and adolescence, and decreased throughout early adulthood; while openness to experience showed an initial increase, then decreased and leveled off in early adulthood. Individual developmental trajectories varied significantly, particularly in relation to gender. Personality traits became increasingly stable, and the fact that childhood scores predicted scores in adulthood indicated that personalities are fairly stable across this portion of the life span.     

父母教养方式与大学生人格特征的关系研究

为了探讨父母教养方式与大学生人格特征的关系,采用父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)修订中文版、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(EPQ-RSC)对260名大学生进行测试。结果显示:(1)大学生人格的精神质与父母惩罚严厉、母亲拒绝否认呈正相关;(2)内外向与母亲情感温暖理解呈显著正相关,与父亲拒绝否认呈负相关;(3)神经质与父母情感温暖理解呈显著负相关,与父母拒绝否认、父亲过度保护和母亲过分干涉保护呈显著正相关;(4)掩饰性与父母情感温暖理解呈正相关;(5)多元逐步回归分析结果显示,父亲拒绝否认正向预测精神质,母亲情感温暖理解正向预测内外向,父亲过度保护对内外向具有负向预测作用,父母情感温暖理解负向预测神经质,父亲过度保护正向预测神经质。     

A comparison of personality attributes of science teachers and medical technologists

Undergraduate students who major in science make diverse career choices. Two such career choices are medical technologists and science teachers. One possible reason for science majors selecting different career choices might be attributed to varied personality dimensions. The purpose of this study was to identify a set of personality attributes that distinguish practicing medical technologists from practicing science teachers. The subjects of this study consisted of 83 medical technologists and 57 science teachers. Eysenck Personality (EPI) was utilized to investigate the personality attributes of subjects in terms of Eysenck's personality variable of Extroversion-Introversion and Neuroticism-Stability. Vocational Preference Inventory was utilized to investigate the vocational personality profile of subjects in terms of Holland's classification of occupations and work environment. Data with EPI revealed that there was no significant difference between medical technologists and science teachers with respect to Eysenck's personality variable of extroversion. However, there was found a significant difference between the two groups with respect to Eysenck's personality variable of neuroticism. Data with VPI revealed that there was no significant difference between medical technologists and science teachers with respect to Eysenck's personality variable of extroversion. Both the groups were characterized by the personality profile of IAS (Intellectual-Artistic-Social). This profile was different from that required earlier in literature.     

Personality traits and job exploration among Latino business students: An exploratory investigation

We examine the role of the Big Five personality traits in the job exploration process of Latino undergraduate business students to ascertain the personality traits and socio‐cognitive variables that lead to greater success of students in their job searches. We find that personalities such as extraversion and conscientiousness are positively associated with career self‐efficacy, career expectations, and interests in both academic and professional skills, which in turn positively influence job exploration behaviors. Additionally, we find that personalities such as agreeableness and neuroticism have a negative influence on career exploration behaviors. Our findings provide Latino business students with college vocational guidance that can help enhance their career confidence, job beliefs, and career interests in the job‐seeking process.     

人格特质与网络利他行为:自尊的中介作用

运用大学生网络利他行为量表、“大五”人格量表和自尊量表(SES)对587名大学生进行调查,考察人格特质、自尊与网络利他行为的关系.结果发现:(1)外倾性、责任性、开放性、自尊与网络利他行为存在显著的正相关,神经质与网络利他行为存在显著的负相关,但宜人性与网络利他行为相关不显著;(2)外倾性、责任性、神经质、开放性和自尊均能显著预测网络利他行为,自尊在外倾性与网络利他行为、开放性与网络利他行为关系间起部分中介作用,在责任性与网络利他行为、神经质与网络利他行为关系间起完全中介作用.     

Personality and Social Class among Eleven‐year‐old Children

The JEPQ‐S, short form of the JEPQ, was completed by 326 fourth‐year junior pupils from schools in predominantly working class and predominantly middle class areas, together with information about their fathers’ occupations. The lack of any significant correlations between the social class of fathers’ occupations and extroversion, neuroticism, psychoticism and the lie scale is discussed against the discrepant findings regarding the relationship between personality and social class among adults from the MPI to the EPQ‐R, the Eysenckian theory relating crime and personality and the relationship between deviant social behaviour and social class. On the other hand, pupils from the predominantly working class areas recorded significantly higher scores on the pychoticism scale than pupils from the predominantly middle class areas.     

Personality traits’ effects on self-efficacy and outcome expectations for high school major choice

The current study focuses on the contribution of the Big Five personality traits to the development of self-efficacy and outcome expectations regarding selection of a high school major among 368 Israeli adolescents (M _age = 16.07, SD = 0.41). Structural equation analyses showed that higher levels of conscientiousness and extraversion and lower neuroticism contributed to higher self-efficacy. In contrast, higher levels of conscientiousness and neuroticism and lower extraversion contributed to higher outcome expectations. These findings expand our understanding regarding personality characteristics serving as antecedents of self-efficacy and outcome expectations and sets important implications for career interventions with adolescents.     

Role of the Big Five personality traits in predicting college students' academic motivation and achievement

College students (308 undergraduates) completed the Five Factor Inventory and the Academic Motivations Scale, and reported their college grade point average (GPA). A correlation analysis revealed an interesting pattern of significant relationships. Further, regression analyses indicated that conscientiousness and openness explained 17% of the variance in intrinsic motivation; conscientiousness and extraversion explained 13% of the variance in extrinsic motivation; and conscientiousness and agreeableness explained 11% of the variance in amotivation. Further, four personality traits (conscientiousness, openness, neuroticism, and agreeableness) explained 14% of the variance in GPA; and intrinsic motivation to accomplish things explained 5% of the variance in GPA. Finally, conscientiousness emerged as a partial mediator of the relationship between intrinsic motivation to accomplish and GPA. These results are interpreted within the context of what educators could do to encourage and nurture student motivation and achievement.     

Investigating Personality and Viewing-Motivation Correlates of Reality Television Exposure

This study investigated the personality and viewing-motivation correlates of reality television exposure. Results from a survey of 592 undergraduates showed that extroversion negatively predicted reality television exposure, whereas neuroticism was not associated with it. Both instrumental (social interaction, information, and arousal) and ritualized (relaxation, pass time, entertainment, and companionship) viewing motivations positively predicted exposure to reality television. A two-stage model by which personality traits contributed to viewing motivations, which, in turn, contributed to the selection of reality television, was tested and offered an adequate fit to the data. Implications for uses and gratifications research are discussed.     

Unraveling the impact of the Big Five personality traits on academic performance: The moderating and mediating effects of self-efficacy and academic motivation

The main purpose of this study is to unravel the impact of the Big Five personality factors on academic performance. We propose a theoretical model with conditional indirect effects of the Big Five personality factors on academic performance through their impact upon academic motivation. To clarify the mixed results of previous studies concerning the impact of neuroticism, we suggest a moderating role of self-efficacy. Hierarchical, moderated mediation and mediated moderation regression analyses were performed on longitudinal data collected from 375 students of a University college in Belgium. The findings revealed a positive indirect effect of neuroticism on academic performance at higher levels of self-efficacy, complemented by a positive direct effect of neuroticism at lower levels of self-efficacy. Finally, this study showed that conscientiousness positively affected academic performance indirectly through academic motivation, but also that it is a condition for the indirect impact of extraversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness.