贫困新生大学生活适应困惑解析及对策思考

大学贫困新生在生活、人际关系、学习等方面都处于一定的弱势,帮助他们更快更好地适应大学生活意义重大。本文首先对贫困新生进入大学后表现出的不适应特征及其原因进行简要分析,在此基础上从政府、学校、学生个人三个层面提出了相应的帮扶策略,以期贫困新生能尽快适应大学生活,顺利完成大学学业。     

大学新生学习适应对自我概念的影响

大学新生入学以后,由于"重要他人"的改变、"社会比较"以及对学业困难的归因等因素使自我概念改变。应对大学新生进行学习方法训练,帮助他们结交朋友,加强心理健康教育以及尽早开设职业生涯规划课。     

论大学新生学习适应不良及其应对策略

大学新生在入学后往往会在学习、生活、社交等方面存在着适应不良的问题,在这些适应不良的问题中尤其以学习适应不良最为突出。根据大学新生学习适应不良的表现和深层原因,帮助大学新生尽快适应大学的学习生活,应从加强心理健康教育、时间管理教育、大学背景教育、职业生涯规划教育等方面做起,并鼓励大学新生主动寻求学业帮助。     

帮助大学新生转型的教育对策研究

面对新的环境和学习任务的较大变化,许多大学新生表现出诸多不适应的问题已经引起学校乃至社会上广泛关注。从高中生向大学生转型的视角探讨对大学新生教育工作是帮助大学新生成功转型,使其顺利完成大学学业的重要途径。因此,需要让大学新生了解进入大学后面临角色的转型、学习方式的转型、生活方式的转型和人际交往方式的转型,以及由此所引发的不适,从而采取相应的对策合理引导他们应对转型。     

学生数学认识信念的研究述评

学生数学认识信念是理解学生数学学习过程的关键成分之一.学生认识信念的研究属于个体认识论研究范畴.研究发现,学生的数学认识信念对学习产生消极影响,即学生所持有的信念对促进学习是无效的.目前,对影响学生认识信念形成的因素研究主要发生在数学教育领域,而关于学生认识信念的发展研究主要集中在教育心理学界.关于数学认识信念对学习影响的研究主要集中在学生数学认识信念对数学学习的情感和动机、行为参与、认知过程和数学学业成就的影响.学生数学认识信念的形成与发展,既深受学生的学习环境的影响,又深刻影响了自身的学习过程.     

高校新生的适应性调查分析

大学是莘莘学子圆梦的地方。是人生重要的一个转折点。但是,很多大一新生初入大学校园,学习方面、生活方面、人际关系等方面都不适应,严重影响了正常的学习生活。文章以调查问卷的形式,提出了目前大学新生存在的部分适应性问题,并通过数据比较,进一步分析了产生这些情况的原因。在信息完全对称的情况下,此必将有助于学校、家庭和社会为大学新生创造更好的校园环境,有助于他们更好、更快的融入新环境,顺利完成他们的学业。     

如何帮助新生尽快找到适应大学英语教学的切入点

大学一年级新生表现出的失落感、孤独感、焦虑和抑郁感严重阻碍着他们身心的健康发展和学业的顺利进行。如何帮助大学一年级新生尽快找到适应大学英语教学的切入点是本文探讨的话题,其目的是引导他们尽快适应大学生活,并为他们将来大学生活的顺利进行打下一个良好的开端。     

内容与形式：优化我国大学新生学习指导的关键

大学新生学习指导直接关系到新生能否在短期内完成中学学习向大学学习的过渡,为他们顺利完成大学学业,走向成功奠定坚实的基础。然而,当前我国大学新生学习指导存在着明显的不足,尤其应在拓展学习指导内容、改进学习指导形式上采取积极的对策来对其进行改革与优化,以提高学习指导的效益,实现其应有之义。     

大学新生心理健康问题及其对策

由于缺乏对新环境的正确认识,大学新生一般很容易产生各种各样的心理问题.如果这些问题不能及时解决,不仅会影响他们的学业,而且会影响他们走上社会以后的适应能力.因此,本文对大学新生的心理健康问题作了探讨,并对我校学生尤其是大一新生的心理咨询工作提出了一些建议和对策.     

内容与形式:优化我国大学新生学习指导的关键

大学新生学习指导直接关系到新生能否在短期内完成中学学习向大学学习的过渡,为他们顺利完成大学学业,走向成功奠定坚实的基础.然而,当前我国大学新生学习指导存在着明显的不足.尤其应在拓展学习指导内容、改进学习指导形式上采取积极的对策来对其进行改革与优化,以提高学习指导的效益,实现其应有之义.     

A Multilevel Analysis of Students’ Science Achievements in Relation to their Self-Regulation,Epistemological Beliefs,Learning Environment Perceptions,and Teachers’ Personal Characteristics

This study adopted a cross-sectional and correlational research design in an attempt to add our understanding of student- and teacher-level factors that help explain variability in students’ science achievement to the existing literature. More specifically, the present article examined students’ science achievement in relation to their constructivist learning environment perceptions, epistemological beliefs, and self-regulation as well as their science teachers’ characteristics. Data were gathered from both 137 science teachers and their 3281 seventh grade students via administering self-report questionnaires. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysis was conducted to analyze the two-level data (student level and teacher level). Students’ learning environment perceptions, epistemological beliefs, achievement goals, and self-regulation constituted student-level data while teachers’ self-efficacy, achievement goals, and epistemological beliefs constituted teacher-level data. The findings indicated that students’ constructivist learning environment perceptions were significant predictors of their science achievement. Additionally, students with sophisticated epistemological beliefs appeared to be more successful in science. Also, performance avoidance goals were negatively related to science achievement. Among teacher-level variables, teachers’ self-efficacy and sophisticated epistemological beliefs were found to be positively linked to students’ science achievement.     

Epistemological beliefs and self-regulated learning with hypertext

This study investigated the relationship between epistemological beliefs, prior domain knowledge and self-regulated learning. Biology students (n?=?25) and humanities students (n?=?26) who varied in their epistemological beliefs learned with a hierarchical hypertext about the topic of genetic fingerprinting. During their learning processes, logfiles and questionnaire data were collected. Results indicate that students do metacognitively calibrate their learning process to the complexity of the presented learning material, e.g. by processing more complex deeper-level nodes longer. Furthermore, these calibration processes were significantly related to epistemological beliefs. For example, more ‘sophisticated’ epistemological beliefs were associated with processing more nodes, whereas more ‘naïve’ beliefs were related to spending more time on single nodes. Both effects were especially pronounced on deeper hierarchical hypertext levels. Prior domain knowledge also had an impact, especially on comprehensibility ratings: biology students considered all nodes more comprehensible than humanities students. Additionally, epistemological beliefs as well as prior domain knowledge were also significantly associated with the learning outcome: for example, more prior domain knowledge led to significantly higher learning outcome.     

An analysis of the nature of epistemological beliefs: Investigating factors affecting the epistemological development of south korean high school students

The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of epistemological beliefs about learning (or learning beliefs) by analyzing the type of factors involved in the epistemological development of South Korean high school students (N=455). Learning beliefs are implicit assumptions held by learners about the source and certainty of knowledge and the ways to obtain knowledge. Previous studies on the epistemological development of American high school students showed that American students learning beliefs are positively related with their age, amount of formal education, and academic achievement. Multiple regression analysis of this study, however, showed that no such relationships were identified from the present South Korean sample except between students beliefs and their academic achievement. In addition, the present study showed that South Korean students learning beliefs were related with their independent-self construal (individualistic self-view) but not with their interdependent self-construal (collectivistic self-view). These results reconfirmed the culture-specific nature of epistemological beliefs which was identified from previous comparative studies with South Korean and American college students (Youn, Kim, & Yang, 1999; Youn, 2000). The differences between the present results and previous findings with South Korean college students will be further discussed in terms of the sub-cultural variations between South Korean young generations. A paper presented at the 26th International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology, Pultusk, Poland, 2000/7/16-21     

Exploring the dimensions of personal epistemology in differing classroom contexts: Student interpretations during the first year of college

The study of personal epistemology has typically addressed the theories and beliefs that individuals hold about knowledge and knowing, and the way in which such epistemological perspectives are related to academic learning. This qualitative, exploratory case study focuses on the epistemology of instructional practices as interpreted by students in two versions of introductory-level college chemistry, each with different underlying epistemological assumptions. Classroom observations and interviews of 25 first-year students provide a contextualized perspective on the dimensionality of beliefs as identified in the literature: certainty of knowledge, simplicity of knowledge, source of knowledge, and justification for knowing. This research suggests that students’ perceptions of instructional practices are interpreted through the lens of their epistemological assumptions, but that such perspectives are evolving and instructors may influence them in multiple ways.     

(Re)Producing Mathematics Educators: A sociological perspective

Whilst participation in higher education has increased dramatically over the last two decades, many universities are only now beginning to pay more attention to the learning experiences of first year students. It is important for universities to understand how first year students conceive of learning and knowing in order to promote effective approaches to learning. Even though an extensive body of research demonstrates that beliefs about learning and knowing influence student approaches to learning and learning outcomes, there has been no Australian research that has investigated this critical learner characteristic across first year university students. This paper reports on preliminary data from an ongoing longitudinal study designed to investigate first year students’ beliefs about knowing and learning (epistemological beliefs). Students from teacher education and creative industry faculties in two Australian universities completed the Epistemological Beliefs Survey (EBS) in the first week of their first semester of study. A series of one‐way ANOVA using key demographics as independent variables and the EBS factor scores as dependent variables showed that epistemological beliefs were related to the course of study, previous post‐school education experience, family experience at university, gender, and age. These data help us to understand students’ beliefs about learning and knowing with a view to informing effective learning in higher education.     

Relational analysis of personal epistemology and conceptions about teaching and learning

Four epistemological belief and two teaching and learning conception dimensions were identified from a survey study of a sample of Hong Kong teacher education students. The epistemological belief dimensions were labeled Innate/Fixed Ability, Learning Effort/Process, Authority/Expert Knowledge and Certainty Knowledge. The results on epistemological beliefs were somewhat different from Schommer's findings with North American college students and reflected the influence of cultural contexts. The two teaching and learning conceptions were labelled Traditional and Constructivist Conceptions. Pearson correlation analysis showed significant relations between Innate/Fixed Ability, Authority/Expert Knowledge and Certainty Knowledge with Traditional Conception and Learning Effort/Process with Constructivist Conception. Confirmatory factor analysis also showed the possible causal effect of epistemological beliefs on conceptions about teaching and learning. All these analyses tended to support the suggested views in literature that teachers’ conceptions about teaching and learning are beliefs driven. Implications were drawn for future research in teacher education with respect to the relation of epistemological beliefs and teaching/learning conceptions in different cultures.     

Epistemological Beliefs and Valuing School: Considerations for College Admissions and Retention

We examine the relationship between high school students' beliefs about the nature of knowledge, or epistemological beliefs, and their attitudes toward education. High school students completed an epistemological questionnaire assessing their beliefs in fixed ability to learn, simple knowledge, quick learning, and certain knowledge. Then they answered open-ended questions on a hypothetical character named Billy. They were to advise Billy if he should go on to college even though his grades were poor and his parents had no money. Finally, they completed questions about their own feelings toward high school and their expectations of the demands of college. Attitudes toward school were then regressed on epistemological belief factor scores. The less students believed in fixed ability to learn and quick learning, the more likely they were to encourage Billy to go to college and to appreciate the role of school in furthering their education, gaining employment, and living everyday life.     

Structural relationships between learning environments and students’ non-cognitive outcomes: secondary analysis of PISA data

Relationships between students’ perceptions and their non-cognitive outcomes (epistemological beliefs, self-efficacy and attitudes to science) were investigated through secondary analysis of data from 14,167 United Arab Emirates students who participated in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Structural equation modeling (SEM) suggested that students’ perceptions of the learning environment were related to the non-cognitive outcomes of epistemological beliefs, self-efficacy and attitudes. Also, epistemological beliefs were found to have a statistically-significant and positive relationship with self-efficacy and attitudes, and self-efficacy was significantly related to attitudes.

     

Relational Analysis of College Science‐Major Students’ Epistemological Beliefs Toward Science and Conceptions of Learning Science

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest among educational researchers in exploring the relationships between learners’ epistemological beliefs and their conceptions of learning. This study was conducted to investigate these relationships particularly in the domain of science. The participants in this study included 407 Taiwanese college science‐major students. All of them responded to two major questionnaires, one assessing their scientific epistemological beliefs (SEBs) and the other one probing their conceptions of learning science (COLS). The SEB questionnaire included four factors: “certainty,” “source,” “development,” and “justification” of science knowledge. The COLS survey consisted of six factors in a hierarchical order, that is, learning science as “memorizing,” “preparing for tests,” “calculating and practicing,” “increasing one’s knowledge,” “application,” and “understanding and seeing in a new way.” The students’ confidence and interest toward learning science were also assessed by additional questionnaire items. Stepwise regression analyses, in general, showed coherence between students’ SEBs and their COLS, indicating that the sophistication of SEBs was consistent with less agreement with lower‐level COLS (such as “memorizing” and “preparing for tests”) as well as more agreement with higher‐level COLS (such as “understanding and seeing in a new way”). However, the SEB’s “justification” factor was positively related to almost all of COLS factors from the lower‐level to higher‐level. This study finally found that among all of the SEB and COLS factors, the “preparing for tests” factor in COLS was the solely significant variable for predicting students’ interest in science and confidence toward learning science.     

An integrated analysis of secondary school students’ conceptions and beliefs about learning

Students’ conceptions and beliefs about learning are constructs that have been proposed in two independent lines of research, phenomenographic and metacognitive, and analysed using qualitative and quantitative methodologies, respectively. The present research examines and integrates in a single study both constructs and methodologies. Data were collected through an open-ended task (Tynjäla, 1997) and an epistemological questionnaire (Schommer, 1990), administered to a sample of 1,200 secondary students. Three major statistically significant findings emerged. First, students’ conceptions of learning and epistemological beliefs changed from simplistic to more complex as they progressed through school. Second, the two constructs were linked to each other. The most advanced category on the ‘dimension of depth’ of learning conceptions corresponded to the highest scores at the complex pole of the belief system. Third, learning conceptions as well as epistemological beliefs were predictors of academic performance. The more capable students were of constructing meaning, the better their academic achievement appeared to be. Theoretical and educational implications are discussed with regard to further research, classroom instruction, and the value of combining both research methodologies in order to deepen our understanding of students’ learning experience.