论西欧中世纪城市与封建主的经济关系

西欧中世纪城市兴建于教俗封建主的领地上,封建主为了满足自身的经济需要支持城市兴建,城市的建立与发展又需求封建主的保护,双方存在着相互依存的经济关系。随着城市经济的发展和资本主义生产关系的出现,双方在经济上的合作关系逐步转变为矛盾对立的经济关系。     

China's universities and Western academic models

China's Cultural Revolution began in the universities where Mao was able to gain strong support for his vision of radical societal transformation by a focus on two issues: the need to uproot persisting traditional values and patterns, summed up under the four olds, and a call to shatter the shackles of all foreign dogmas which was clearly directed at prominent Soviet influences in Chinese higher education. This essay briefly summarizes the main characteristics of China's traditional scholarly institutions, then considers the western academic models introduced by foreign missionaries, those selected and implemented by Chinese modernizers and finally the Soviet academic model adopted by Chinese Communist leaders in the fifties. The historical lessons drawn from this overview provide a context for some critical reflection on the ways in which western academic models are once again affecting reforms underway in Chinese higher education since 1978.     

Allocation of students in North African universities

In recent years, student bodies at public universities in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia have grown rapidly, outside the direct control of university authorities. But although entry to higher education remains open to all who pass the baccalauréat examination, the prospect of continued expansion has led to reevaluations of how universities are to serve society by producing trained professionals. Government officials, school authorities, and the public have focussed attention on the entry point as a crucial moment for maintaining educational standards within universities and other higher institutes and for determining the social and economic outcomes of higher education. In this article initial attention is given to how the three North African nations differ in their policies regulating which students may study which subjects. This is followed by a discussion of the implications of these policies for the goals higher education is ostensibly meant to serve.This article is based on field research in North Africa. I am indebted to the Spencer Foundation for their support of my study.     

Those who can, teach: addressing the crisis in mathematics in UK schools and universities

The crisis in UK mathematics education, both in schools and universities, has been widely reported in the national media. A recent study shows that 26% of full-time mathematics teachers in UK schools have no qualification in the subject, and that 31% of all UK schools' mathematics teachers are now over the age of 50. The crisis in school mathematics has impacted on much of the university sector, with some departments under threat of closure and widespread difficulties experienced in student recruitment. The availability of attractive careers for mathematics graduates impacts upon the numbers choosing to enter teaching, thus risking a spiral of decline. Furthermore, studies suggest that UK mathematics graduates often lack confidence in several key skills essential for teaching, such as presenting information effectively, working in teams, and written communication. This paper recounts the development of a unit of study in the Faculty of Mathematical Studies at the University of Southampton, England, in conjunction with a new initiative, the Undergraduate Ambassadors Scheme, which seek to address the crisis in UK mathematics education through the training and placement of final year undergraduates as teaching assistants in local schools. This with a view to promoting mathematics to the broadest possible constituency as a university choice, whilst simultaneously developing those key transferable skills in which undergraduates regularly feel least confident, and allowing undergraduates to experience a flavour of teaching as a career option.     

略论过渡时期的西欧家庭

过渡时期西欧存在四种家庭类型并出现家庭规模由大变小的趋势,影响家庭类型变化的因素包括生产力、封建传统、财产继承制和家仆现象诸种;这一时期人们的家族观念明显淡薄,家庭观念则产生并迅速增强,其原因有社会经济的、政治的、宗教的多方面;过渡时期的西欧家庭在亲情方面并未发生明显变化,因为社会文化背景、家庭职能、父权制以及低劣的物质生活条件和卫生保健条件均不利于亲情增进。     

Economic student group populations in universities

Economic student group sizes in universities are analysed from a consideration of student/staff ratios and departmental recurrent cost per student variations. The analysis is largely derived from a departmental total staff analytical model. It shows that there can be considerable diseconomies for small student populations and emphasises the need for economic populations at programmes of study and department level.     

构建大学师生良好的人际关系

建立良好的师生关系有利激发学生的学习积极性和知识的获取,但当前大学师生关系显得疏远与冷漠。因此,在大学中构建平等对话的师生关系,朋友式的师生关系,以及实行导师制是非常有利于构建大学师生和谐的人际关系。     

心理咨询在高校师生谈心活动中的运用

高校教师在与大学生谈心过程中,适当运用心理咨询的思想和策略能提高谈心的实效。谈心时,教师应通过引导,让学生自我领悟;积极关注,让学生感受到尊重;并掌握一定的沟通技巧,让学生敢于、乐于敞开心扉。     

且识"庐山"真面目--西欧考察随感

西欧环境优美,艺术辉煌,经济发达,管理先进,民众文明。启示:落后就要挨打,封闭就会落后,无才难以发展,人治必然搞乱。思考:西方是不是天堂?资本主义为什么腐而不朽?结论:中国特色的社会主义道路走对了。     

大学生的信用危机和诚信教育

诚信是中华民族的优良美德,大学生应该是这一美德的继承者和现代诚信文明的代表。但在不讲信用、欺骗欺诈社会公害的影响下,大学生群体中也出现了一定程度的信用危机。主要表现为信用意识淡薄、契约观念不强、自我推销误区和考试作弊严重。大学生的诚信教育要坚持平等说理、注重实践、身教重于言教、教育和制度建设相结合的原则和策略。     

试论高等学校与学生的法律关系

高校与学生之间的法律关系 ,质言之就是高校与学生之间的权利和义务关系 ,其核心是学生权利范围及其法律保障问题。国外关于这一特定法律关系的理论主要有宪法、特别权利关系说、契约说和部分社会说。在我国教育司法制度中 ,在高校和学生的法律关系至今尚无明确规定的情况下 ,国外的理论有着重要的借鉴意义