谈小学语文教学中的情感教育

成功的语文教学离不开情感教育,情感教育是培养学生创新能力的内在动因。在课堂教学中实施情感教育是每位教师势在必行的任务。语文教师,应该善于利用语文教学的优势,抓住情感教育这一要素,运用各种有效的方法,激活学生的情感细胞。     

小学低年级语文教学中的儿歌教学策略探究

在小学低年级语文教学中进行儿歌教学有着非常重要的意义。对于小学生来说,儿歌富含的韵律有着更强的吸引力,学生除了以此来进行语文学习外,还能在感受韵律的同时,丰富想象力。因此,我们教师应当利用儿歌教学来培养学生的学习兴趣和学习积极性,以儿歌教学为契机,抓住学生心理,让学生通过儿歌学习到更多的语文知识,从而丰富语文素养,培养起语文学习能力。     

巧妙激发引导 培养学生语文阅读兴趣——以《青蛙写诗》阅读教学为例

阅读兴趣的培养,要从低年级就开始着手。教师是教学的主导者、组织者、启发者,要善于抓住低年级学生的身心发展规律与特点,分析他们的兴趣爱好,利用多样化的方法,契合学生生活实际,善于鼓励、肯定、激发与引导,培养低年级学生的语文阅读兴趣,在阅读中逐步培养学生的语文核心素养,实现"有质量的语文教育",实现素质教育目标。可以借助游戏、激励评价、契合生活、延伸阅读等形式,培养学生阅读兴趣。     

讲究方法,培养学生口头表达能力

在小学语文教学中,我们要认真学习《语文课程标准》,树立新理念,强化对学生进行口头表达能力训练,就应利用教材,抓住契机,开展活动,重视实践,切实培养学生口头表达能力。     

浅谈语文教学中想象力的培养

在语文教学中，想象力是非常重要的，教师需具备较高的专业素养，紧扣教材，抓住关键词句及课文的结尾，培养学生约想象力；同时还需培养掌生观察生活能力，利用教学中一切可利用的条件，引导学生进行想象，为培养创新人才打好基础。     

多读才是品味语言的妙方

语文课程标准指出：“语文教学要注重语言的积累、感悟和运用。”“阅读教学的重点是培养学生具有感受、理解、欣赏和评价的能力。”抓住语言进行品味欣赏,就是抓住了阅读教学的重点,这不仅给学生打下了扎实的语文基础,而且也提高了学生的语文素养。我们的语文教学应该引导学生去品味多彩的语言,要抓住这个“纲”不放。     

让语感培养走向“以内养外”

语感能力,是人的语文素养的重要标志。培养语感是提高学生语文素养的核心,是阅读教学的首要目标。但是,不少语文教师还没有真正抓住语感培养这个牛鼻子,使课堂教学的语文味严重缺失,语文教学高耗低效的现状没有得到根本改变。     

在"动"中让学生说出来——小学生口语交际能力培养的几点做法

加强学生的口语交际训练,可以促进学生思维发展,提高语言表达能力。《语文课程标准》指出:要利用语文教学的各个环节有意识地培养学生的口语交际能力。这就要求教师要利用课堂教学这一主阵地,抓住小学生好动的天性,创     

“读”占鳌头

读是语文教学的基本途径,抓住了读就抓住了语文教学的根本。小学阶段要以读为本,让学生充分地读,在读中充分感悟,在读中培养语感,在读中受到情感的熏陶。     

培养学生创新思维五环节

小学语文作为义务教育阶段的基础学科，对学生基本素质的培养有着不可替代的作用。为了加强对小学生创新思维的培养，我在日常语文教学实践中，注意利用教材中的创造性因素，抓住教学过程中的每个环节，对学生进行积极的思维训练，给学生提供创新机会，促使他们发展思维，大胆创新。     

Changing attitudes: supporting teachers in effectively including students with emotional and behavioural difficulties in mainstream education

Pupils with emotional and behavioural difficulties (EBD) are often considered the most challenging group to manage within mainstream education. The challenges perceived by teachers may be due, in part, to negative attitudes towards this cohort of pupils, which may exacerbate feelings of inadequacy and impact negatively upon direct interactions with pupils. The current study comprised a combination of implicit (i.e. the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure, IRAP) and explicit (The Opinions Relative to Mainstreaming Scale, ORMS) technologies to assess the attitudes of teachers (N = 25) and teachers in training (N = 20) towards pupils with EBD. When these attitudes proved to be negative (relative to typically developing pupils), the utility of a combined behaviour intervention (BI) and stress-management intervention (SMI), in conjunction with a series of pre and post measures, was examined. The IRAP results for teachers indicated that the SMI enhanced their implicit positivity towards pupils with EBD (EBD PUPIL) to a considerable extent (0.025-0.175), and this was greater than the impact recorded with the BI. The teachers in training showed implicit negativity towards EBD PUPIL (0.13) and this decreased, albeit marginally, at post-BI (0.05) and post-SMI (0.06). Significant differences were recorded in teachers’ general attitudes towards inclusion (p < 0.001) and efficacy (p < 0.008). Significant effects were recorded for teachers in training in relation to their attitudes towards having a child with EBD and having a previously excluded child with EBD in their classrooms (all ps < 0.001). For this latter group, reductions were also recorded in their levels of depression, anxiety and stress (p < 0.001) and there was an increase in their psychological flexibility (p < 0.001). The current results indicate that a range of positive implicit and explicit outcomes was associated with the current BI and SMI package in terms of fostering more effective inclusion of pupils with EBD in mainstream education.     

Measuring Parent Receptivity Towards the Classroom Environment Using a Rasch Measurement Model

This study investigated parent-reported receptivity towards the classroom environment and classroom outcomes. Classroom environment was based on a five-aspect model: (1) provision of information from the child; (2) beliefs about the school; (3) provision of information from teachers; (4) teachers' commitment to working with parents; and (5) confidence in communicating with teachers. Classroom outcomes were based on two aspects: (1) educational values (importance of schooling, involved with learning; seeing a future through learning, desire to learn, and importance of learning); and (2) learning outcomes (achieving, and views of child's engagement in school work). For each aspect, items were written in an ordered-by-difficulty pattern so that, for example, Item 2 involved Item 1 and ‘more’, making it conceptually ‘harder’ to agree with Item 2 than with Item 1. There were four Likert response categories (SDA, DA, A, and SA). Using the extended logistic model of Rasch, an interval-level, unidimensional scale was created with item difficulties for classroom environment aspects and classroom outcomes calibrated on the same scale as the receptivity measures. The sample consisted of 518 parents of students from three secondary schools in Western Australia. The item sample was 30. The proportion of observed variance considered true was 0.94. The items for each aspect were found to be ordered from ‘easy’ to ‘hard’ in line with the hypothesised model of receptivity and the data fitted the measurement model well. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Terrible Knowledge and Tertiary Trauma,Part I: Japanese Nuclear Trauma and Resistance to the Atomic Bomb in the Classroom

This article discusses twelve reasons that we must teach about the 1945 American atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. As with Holocaust studies, we must teach this material even though it is both emotionally and intellectually difficult—in spite of our feelings of repugnance and/or grief, and our concerns regarding students' potential distress (“tertiary trauma”). To handle such material effectively, we should keep in mind ten objectives: (1) to expand students' knowledge about the subject along with the victims' experience of it; (2) to develop teachers' awareness of and comfort with it; (3) to help students cope with this knowledge so they are not traumatized themselves; (4) to make sure students don't take refuge in callousness, inappropriate humor, blaming the victim, or despair; (5) to enable students to teach others about the event(s); (6) to enable students to use their increased knowledge and self-reflection individually and as part of the national dialogue; (7) to deepen and “complexify” the conversation on the bombings; (8) to develop supports for teachers and students throughout this process;” (9) to reintegrate the objective with the subjective, recognizing that emotion may be appropriate to some learning; (10) to instigate a dialogue allowing teachers and students to continue to investigate this and related topics.     

Is right ventricular mid-septal pacing superior to apical pacing in patients with high degree atrio-ventricular block and moderately depressed left ventricular function?

Objective

We are aimed to investigate whether right ventricular mid-septal pacing (RVMSP) is superior to conventional right ventricular apical pacing (RVAP) in improving clinical functional capacity and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) for patients with high-degree atrio-ventricular block and moderately depressed left ventricle (LV) function.

Methods

Ninety-two patients with high-degree atrio-ventricular block and moderately reduced LVEF (ranging from 35% to 50%) were randomly allocated to RVMSP (n=45) and RVAP (n=47). New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, echocardiographic LVEF, and distance during a 6-min walk test (6MWT) were determined at 18 months after pacemaker implantation. Serum levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.

Results

Compared with baseline, NYHA functional class remained unchanged at 18 months, distance during 6MWT (485 m vs. 517 m) and LVEF (36.7% vs. 41.8%) were increased, but BNP levels were reduced (2352 pg/ml vs. 710 pg/ml) in the RVMSP group compared with those in the RVAP group, especially in patients with LVEF 35%–40% (for all comparisons, P<0.05). However, clinical function capacity and LV function measurements were not significantly changed in patients with RVAP, despite the pacing measurements being similar in both groups, such as R-wave amplitude and capture threshold.

Conclusions

RVMSP provides a better clinical utility, compared with RVAP, in patients with high-degree atrioventricular block and moderately depressed LV function whose LVEF levels ranged from 35% to 40%.     

Physical maltreatment of children with autism in Henan province in China: A cross-sectional study

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of child physical maltreatment (CPM) in children with autism aged 2–5 years in Henan province (China), and to explore the risk factors for severe CPM in these children. This cross-sectional study was performed at the Psychology Clinic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between September 2012 and September 2013 with 180 parents of children with autism. Children and parents had no history of any cognitive therapy. The childhood autism rating scale (CARS) was used to evaluate the severity of autism in children. Data on parental CPM during the past 3 months were collected from parental self-reporting. Logistic regression was used to investigate the risk factors of severe CPM. CPM was self-reported by 88% of the parents of children with autism. One hundred and fifty four of these cases were in the minor CPM group (86%) and 64 in the severe CPM group (36%). Most cases of severe CPM were unlikely to have caused injury. Univariate analyses showed that child's age (p = .018), age started to speak (p = .043) and CARS score (p = .048) were associated with severe CPM. Child's age (p = .011) and CARS score (p = .041) were independently associated with severe CPM. The risk of severe CPM increased with age and CARS score. Our findings showed that CPM is widespread in families of children with autism in Central China and more knowledge should be provided to parents of children with autism, particularly in cases of severe autism (those with high CARS scores).     

中国古代文学教材建设的十大问题及设想

本文从十个方面论述了中国古代文学教材中现有的问题，并对某些问题提出了自己的一些设想。这十个问题是：1、中国古代文学的名实不符；2、对古代文化的评价落后；3、把文学作品当作信史看待；4、情理分析的尺度欠妥；5、教材的结构杂乱；6、成就与特点混淆；7、对文学自身规律认识不够；8、对社会人生重视不够；9、教材的观点太死；10、文学史与作品选不配套。     

Facilitating Students’ Problem Solving in a Technological Context: Prospective Teachers’ Learning Trajectory

In the past decade, there has been an increased emphasis on the preparation of teachers who can effectively engage students in meaningful mathematics with technology tools. This study presents a closer look at how three prospective teachers interpreted and developed in their role of facilitating students’ mathematical problem solving with a technology tool. A cycle of planning–experience–reflection was repeated twice during an undergraduate course to allow the prospective teachers to change their strategies when working with two different groups of students. Case study methods were used to identify and analyze critical events that occurred throughout the different phases of the study and how these events may have influenced the prospective teachers’ work with students. Looking across the cases, several themes emerged. The prospective teachers (1) used their problem solving approaches to influence their pedagogical decisions; (2) desired to ask questions that would guide students in their solution strategies; (3) recognized their own struggle in facilitating students’ problem solving and focused on improving their interactions with students; (4) assumed the role of an explainer for some portion of their work with students; (5) used technological representations to promote students’ mathematical thinking or focus their attention; and (6) used the technology tools in ways consistent with the nature of their interactions and perceived role with students. The implications inform the development of an expanded learning trajectory for what we might expect as prospective teachers develop an understanding of how to teach mathematics in technology-rich environments.     

How secondary-school students deal with issues of sustainable development in class*

Abstract

Education for sustainable development (ESD) is intended to enable individuals to shape a fair and sustainable society. Implemented at schools, ESD addresses specific topics, e.g. globalization or pollutants in clothing. This study investigates what challenges are connected with such issues in class and how students deal with issues of sustainable development at German secondary schools. Several teaching units in different subjects and schools were video- and audiotaped. The empirical material was analysed using the Documentary Method (a qualitative reconstructive approach) to describe students’ competences that emerged within different pedagogical arrangements. We identified three key competences that provide important skills for handling issues in ESD that deal (1) with the state of not knowing, (2) with perspectivity, and (3) with calls to action.     

Training program in child abuse for community health workers

A wide range of health workers in the community provide care for families that abuse or have a potential for abusing their children. Frequently these workers are unable to work effectively because of difficulty dealing with feelings aroused by contact with such families.An experimental child abuse training program for community health workers was designed by a pediatrician, a social worker, a public health nurse and two child psychiatrists. This program included a six-month study group which met weekly to focus on feelings and conflcts aroused during the course of work with abusing or potentially abusing families.Through analysis of the group experience, the leaders identified eleven sets of feelings or conflicts which seemed to interfere consistently with effective delivery of care: 1)anxieties about a) being physically harmed by angry parents and b) about the effects of a decision; 2) denial and inhibition of anger; 3) need for emotional gratification from clients; 4) lack of professional support; 5) feelings of incompetence; 6) denial and projection of responsbility; 7) feeling total responsibility for assigned families; 8) difficulty separating personal from professional responsibility; 9) feelings of being a victim; 10) ambivalent feelings a) toward clients and b) about one's professional role; 11) need to be in control.This type of group experience seems to be an effective method for exploration and resolution of feelings and conflicts.     

Parental Expectations of Early Childhood Services for Preschool Children: The case of policy change in Greece

This study aimed to investigate parental expectations of early childhood education and care services for young children. A total of 582 parents participated in the research and answered a range of questions relating to their expectations of the social and educational role of early childhood education services in Greece. The findings of the research confirmed that the administrative division between the types of preschool establishments are related with parental expectations for care provision (p < 0.001) and support for their needs (p < 0.05) during their absence from home to work. Also there was strong evidence that parents had high expectations for their collaboration with teachers of early childhood education about (a) solving their personal problems with their child at home (p < 0.001) (b) ensuring the best care provision for their child (p< 0.001) in the early childhood setting and (c) keeping their child happy at the preschool institution with fun activities when they have to go to work (p <0.001).