Political Liberalism and Citizenship Education: Towards Curriculum Reform

This paper is concerned with Rawls' (1993) account of an overlapping consensus and recent proposals to introduce citizenship education in parts of the UK. It is argued that both Rawls and the proposals mistake the significance and nature of such a consensus. Partly as a result of this mistake the proposals are insufficiently radical.     

超越二元对立:对自由主义公民身份理论结构的批判

自由主义主导下的公民身份理论呈现出二元对立的自反性矛盾结构,主要表现在权利与责任、平等与差异、个体与共同体、公共领域与私人领域、排斥与包容等五对基本范畴中。这种二元对立结构导致"弱"责任观衰减公共资源、抽象的普遍平等观压制实际差异、个体自由绝对化消解共同体联系、公私领域分界僵化遮蔽私域不平等现象、对外排斥性削弱移民的实质公民身份等弊端。探寻二元张力中存在的创造性,以人的主体性、分化的普遍主义、社会个人主义、私域政治、世界公民身份等理念整合二元范畴,是超越公民身份二元对立结构的关键。     

Exploring good character and citizenship in England

Citizenship, character and the virtues that constitute both are increasingly concerns of public policy in the UK. This article understands character to encompass the morally valuable, reason-response and education part of personality, and understands virtues as states of character concerned with praiseworthy feelings and conduct in specific spheres of human life. We adopt a broad and permissive view of these terns and explore linkages together with how our research shows that good citizenship requires good people of character.     

美国公民资格的理论范式及其在公民教育中的实践

公民资格是理解公民教育的起点和基础。美国公民资格理论范式主要体现为自由主义、共和主义、批判主义和跨国主义公民资格。自由主义和共和主义公民资格作为影响美国公民教育的主导话语,对公民教育实践产生了重要影响。批判主义和跨国主义公民资格以其特有的理论活力对公民教育提出了挑战。美国公民资格理论话语的丰富和发展为公民教育实践提供了参照和启示。     

正义秩序之追寻——兼论罗尔斯的公民资格观

在西方政治思想史上,一直存在自由主义和共和主义两种不同的公民资格传统,前者视个体自由为最高政治价值,后者视美德为最高公民典范.罗尔斯一方面对自由主义仅仅强调个体权利的倾向作出修正,增加了公民资格理论对实质平等的关心,用以解决社会正义问题,一方面提出一种公共理性的公民资格观,用以解决多元和统合的政治正义问题,从而在其正义理论的框架中彰显其独特的民主公民资格观,对自由主义和共和主义两种不同的公民资格传统进行了一种调和,目的在于:在个人自由和市场社会基础上重建公共自由和集体认同,以维持和保障正义之秩序.     

The Educational Limits of Ethical Cosmopolitanism: Towards the Importance of Virtue in Cosmopolitan Education and Communities

ABSTRACT

Cosmopolitanism has become an influential theory in both political and, increasingly, educational discourse. In simple terms cosmopolitanism can be understood as a response to the globalised and diverse world in which we live. Diverse in nature, cosmopolitan ideas come in many forms. The focus here is on what have been termed ‘strong’ ethical forms of cosmopolitanism; that is, positions which conceptualise moral bonds and obligations as resulting from a shared, common humanity. The view that pupils should be taught that all human beings are equal and, crucially, that this entails a responsibility to take action when human equity is challenged or transgressed, is finding increasing expression within educational literature. The suggestion explored here is that strong forms of ethical cosmopolitanism are limited in ways which seriously restrict their educational worth. In the final section, it is argued that forms of cultural and political cosmopolitanism (which are part of the lived experiences of intra- and supra-national citizenship) are best responded to by developing the requisite virtues in pupils to engage with diverse and dialogic communities.     

自由主义公民教育思想探析

传统自由主义公民教育以一种消极的、普遍的公民资格为基础,不提倡由学校等公共机构开展公民教育,而主张一种“私人化的”公民教育,并渗透政治中立的原则。新自由主义的公民资格观注重公民认同、公民参与、公共理性的公民德行,提出由学校开展公民教育的必要性与必然性,并致力于培养学生的平等、自由、尊重、宽容等公民德行。     

论共和主义公民身份理论的复兴及其局限

共和主义公民身份的根本目的是使公民享受到自由。为达到这一目的,从制度的角度而言,需要采取一种混合均衡的共和制度;从个人的角度而言,需要公民具有公民美德。共和主义公民身份在当代的复兴,一方面得益于自由主义公民身份所具有的缺陷,另一方面源于共和主义公民身份本身具有一些自由主义公民身份所无法替代的内在价值。这并不意味着共和主义公民身份是完美无缺的,其最大限度在于它的排斥性。     

BEING A LEARNER: A VIRTUE FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

ABSTRACT:  Lifelong learning is something which one does for oneself that no one else can do for one: it is a public and personal human activity, rather than private or individualistic. One of the features of the education system is the paucity of a language for learning as process and participative experience. Personalised learning requires a sense of the worthwhileness of 'being a learner'– a virtue in the 21st century. A sense of one's own worth as a person is essential to understanding one's identity as a learner. Research suggests the human capacity to learn can be understood as a form of consciousness which is characterised by particular values, attitudes and dispositions, with a lateral and a temporal connectivity. This 'consciousness' has several dimensions which are all related to becoming a person, with a learning identity. They also enable the learner to become aware of and appropriate what is of worth and map onto the sorts of core values that learning communities espouse. Awareness of self and of one's own worth as a person is a necessary condition for 'becoming a learner' and for identifying and engaging with 'what is of worth'. Furthermore, a sense of self as a learner is formed in relationship, and understood as one learns to tell one's own story, as a participant in the conversation of the learning community. Character is the way in which we refer to that quality of personhood in which there is rooted the capacity to change and learn over time.     

制度自由主义的新审视

从20世纪90年代起伴随制度自由主义的发展有三个趋势:1.道德主义的增强;2.更加趋向法制化;3.国际机制一致性减弱。回顾这几个趋势,明显是现实主义对自由主义的批判。法制化和道德主义的增加,反映出自1991年起民主国家在地缘政治力量上的前所未有的融合。但是国际机制一致性的减弱则反映出在利益和权力衡量上的巨大差异。所有国际机构都是有缺陷的而且是不稳定的,而且想要加强国际机构的作用以实现法制社会的目标对我们来说还是一个很大的挑战。     

高校办学自主权变迁的实证再研究（一） ——高校办学自主权的内涵辨析及外部学术治理改革现状

已有研究文献表明,现有高校办学自主权的内核制度是院系自治。在当前全球化和国际化影响下,借鉴治理思维,我国高校正在破除“行政化”的本土情境,建立“管办评”分离机制,形成各利益主体可以相对平等地对话与协商的现代大学制度,这是构建我国高校治理结构、推动高校办学自主权落地的基本策略。通过文献分析和对高校办学自主权的内涵辨析后发现,我国现在的高校治理策略缺乏市场维和院系自治维,应该将其纳入新的高校治理结构;法律一维相对弱,也应作为独立的维度进行建构,即我国现代大学治理结构应该包括法律、国家规制与政府行政、社会中介评价、市场、校级管理和院系治理等六维度。从自主权内容上,高校办学自主权实质是高校应该拥有的一系列与学术活动相关的决策权,在结构上可以进一步分解为“提供什么”的战略决策自主权和“如何提供”的生产决策自主权。进一步的实证研究表明,我国呈现由政府全面控制着这些自主权逐步转向持续放权的改革趋势。目前,相对“提供什么”的战略决策,高校在“如何提供”的生产决策方面拥有较多的自主权,高校对学术事务的权力多于资源配置的权力,部属高校较地方高校拥有更多的自主权。     

网络智能化信息检索技术研究

当传统型信息检索技术不能满足用户的个性化需求,并很难达到检索系统的判断标准时,智能化网络信息检索技术应运而生,并很快成为研究的热点。回顾传统型的关键词搜索技术和近期发展迅速的智能信息检索技术,对Autonomy公司的信息检索产品做简要介绍,对智能检索技术的发展进行了展望。     

CHARACTER, CIVIC RENEWAL AND SERVICE LEARNING FOR DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP IN HIGHER EDUCATION

ABSTRACT:  This article explores the civic republican conception of citizenship underlying the Labour government's programme of civil renewal and the introduction of education for democratic citizenship. It considers the importance of the cultivation of civic virtue through political participation for such developments and it reviews the research into how service learning linked to character education can lead to the civic virtue of duty or social responsibility.     

英语教学培养大学生国际视野与胸襟之研究

近年来大学英语教学与研究中的跨文化教育主要是以文化知识和交际技能的习得为主,鲜见对通过文化教育进一步实现英语学习的人文性和育人性即培养大学生国际视野,国际胸襟的研究.国际性人才应当具有跨文化的生存能力,即有与国际对接,交流、沟通的能力,同时也应当具有全球视野,全球胸怀.在英语教学中,只有实现了其功用性及育人性,才能真正把大学生培养戍国际性人才.     

Ten Myths About Character,Virtue and Virtue Education – Plus Three Well-Founded Misgivings

Abstract

Initiatives to cultivate character and virtue in moral education at school continue to provoke sceptical responses. Most of those echo familiar misgivings about the notions of character, virtue and education in virtue – as unclear, redundant, old-fashioned, religious, paternalistic, anti-democratic, conservative, individualistic, relative and situation dependent. I expose those misgivings as ‘myths’, while at the same time acknowledging three better-founded historical, methodological and practical concerns about the notions in question.     

浅谈邓小平"以德育人"与江泽民"以德治国"的重要思想

邓小平同志从人的全面发展、人才的“又红又专”、干部的“四化”标准等方面强调了“以德育人” ,江泽民同志从加强思想教育 ,调整社会利益关系的角度提出了“以德治国”。“以德治国”是对“以德育人”思想的继承、创新和发展 ,是在社会主义法治国家总框架下的一个重要的治国方略。     

从反思性教学看反思性学习

反思生教学是教师对教学实践的思考、分析和评价,是教师实现自我发展的有效途径。开放性思维、责任心和敬业精神是教师进行反思性教学必不可少的三种态度,在外语教学中,应根据学生的认知水平,注意培养学生的反思性学习能力。