浅析“大武术观”对传统武术发展的影响

“大武术观”涵盖内容广泛,文化内涵丰富,对于推动武术发展,促进武术文化大发展大繁荣具有积极的促进作用,同时也为我们重新审视中国武术提供了一个多维度和多角度的窗口.文章运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、比较法等研究方法对当代武术的发展历程进行梳理;从而对“大武术观”内涵的认知;“大武术观”对传统武术的影响和“大武术观”背景下传统武术传承方式、策略的建构进行分析与研究.     

传统武术发展研究

文章从传统武术发展的多个方面总结了传统武术发展研究的最新成果:由于武术新概念的引入,提高了对武术的认识层面并拓宽了研究视域;传统武术的发展应不同于西方体育的特色,走中国文化特色之路;要更好地发展中国传统武术,就要培养指定传承人,保护他们成为传统武术文化的燃眉之急;传统武术和竞技武术之间应均衡发展;政府应加大对传统武术的扶持力度.     

传统武术与现代社会的融合发展

继承、发展传统武术，必须重视研究历史。因为历史是今天更好发展的一面镜子。我们研究传统武术的源流，是为了借鉴前人的经验更好地发展现代武术。因此，在研究时不能把“传统”与“现代”截然分离开来，认为武术越古远越正宗，是现代文明使武术不“武”而走了样。如果是这样，就会把传统武术囿于一个封闭的狭窄圈子里，因得不到发展而不能融入现代社会人们的生活之中。以现代人们评价武术的技击性为例，可以肯定地认为，技击是武术的本质特点。技击过程是朴实无华的，历史上中国许多武术家曾凭借中华武术的技击威力，扬我国威，使中华武术…     

“大武术观”视角下对武术发展的思考

＂：大武术观＂和＂武术标准化＂的提出为我们重新审视中国武术提供了一个多维度和多视角的窗口。文章在这样的大背景下通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法、比较法等方法对当代武术的发展历程进行梳理,在此基础上对传统武术与竞技武术;文化的武术与体育的武术;武术国际化与本土化这三大问题予以客观的思辨。认为：传统武术与竞技武术是相辅相成的辨证关系,要注重两者的共同发展;武术属于体育,却又高于体育,在发展过程中既要注重武术的体育属性,更要强调武术的文化属性;武术的国际化是武术发展的必然趋势,而武术的本土化则是武术发展的核心。     

关于传统武术在学校体育中开展的思考

文章根据素质教育的内涵和学校武术的现状,阐述了传统武术应纳入学校体育教学的原因,并提出传统武术在学校的发展思路和对策。认为传统武术走学校体育之路,是弘扬中国传统文化,保证传统武术可持续发展的需要,也是社会发展的需要。     

从“韩流”攻略审视中国武术的发展

“韩流”久盛不衰说明了什么?是我国流行文化市场的空虚,还是体现了现代文化与传统文化的冲击?文章以中国传统武术为例,从韩文化跆拳道项目对中国传统武术的冲击以及学校武术教育的角度,反思了传统武术的消退与流失的原因,并提出了对当前武术发展中的一些问题和见解.     

后奥运传统武术的发展思考

北京奥运会的成功举办,奥运会期间武术魅力的成功展示,为武术的大发展提供了契机。传统武术作为现代竞技武术的母体,在＂后奥运＂这个新的时间节点上如何得到更好的发展,成为武术工作者们所面临的一个新课题,也是众多武术爱好者关注的焦点。文章从束缚中国传统武术发展的深层原因入手,对传统武术发展中的矛盾与冲突进行了剖析,并对＂后奥运＂传统武术的发展策略进行了研究,旨在为传统武术的振兴和发展提供参考思路。     

传统与竞技武术文化圈的互动研究

文章以古典传播学派的“文化圈”理论为基础,深入剖析武术文化圈的结构.研究认为,武术作为中国的身体技术文化,可看作为一个武术文化圈;传统武术与竞技武术共同拥有武术文化圈性质和特征,但又各具其独立的文化特点,成为隶属于武术文化圈的两个亚文化圈;其中相同的文化元素是文化圈的核心轴,既为传统武术与竞技武术的相互认同提供可能,又限制两者的异化程度.     

影响我国传统武术传播的因素分析

文章运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法,从影视武术、竞技武术以及武术国际传播等方面对传统武术传播的影响因素进行了分析。影视武术、竞技武术以及国外武术等都是传播传统武术的一些重要途径,但是在这种欣欣向荣的传播浪潮之中却也存在着制约传统武术长远发展的因素。文章旨在通过揭示这些制约因素,并给出一定的解决方案,促使传统武术的长远发展。     

试论竞技武术对传统武术价值的影响

文章采用文献资料法和逻辑比较分析法探讨竞技武术对传统武术的影响。研究结果表明:竞技武术固然对传统武术的发展产生了不利影响,但却积极地促进着传统武术的进一步转变,尤其是传统武术价值的转变。竞技武术的发展促进了传统武术价值的转变,适时改变实现传统武术价值的表现形式,能使传统武术更好的发展和传承。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。