"字典"出处新探

中国古代字典一般称为字书，“字典”名称的出现远在其后，而“字典”作为按一定体式编排、解释汉字形音义专书的通名行于世，更为晚近。关于“字典”的来源与出处，以前学界倾向于《康熙字典》，二十世纪九十年代专家学者将“字典”名称的源起上溯至唐。笔者认为，新见解打破陈说，富有启发性，但还缺乏确据，本文在此基础上再行探考。     

汉代"不道"罪考论

“不道”罪并非始出现于汉代,战国中晚期“不道”罪名既已出现,但至汉代,它的内涵急剧膨胀。在汉代“不道”罪不仅指反国家、反社会的行为,而且也包括违反家族伦理的犯罪行为。正由于其内容灵活、庞杂,自汉以降,“不道”罪处在不断地分化中,总趋势是内涵不断缩小、明晰,至唐定型。     

"天中"与"天中文化"初探

今河南省驻马店地区汉时为汝南郡属;唐、宋为蔡洲;明清时期为汝宁府。郡、州、府治大都在今汝南。古时这里的人民自称“天中百姓”,唐代大书法家颜真聊在囚蔡期间亲为“天中山”题写碑文。今天,国家指定此地为东西部经济合作示范区,并在此成功地举办了两届“全国乡镇企业东西部合作经贸洽谈会”,这些都与“天中”有关,因此,关于“天中”,特别是关于“天中文化”就有探讨之必要。     

关于唐人七绝压卷之作

最早提出“唐人七绝压卷之作”这一问题的是明代的李攀龙。李攀龙为“后七子”领袖，编有《唐诗选》。在《唐诗选》中，李攀龙推王昌龄《出塞》压卷，称为“唐绝第一”： 秦时明月汉时关。 万里长征人未还。 但使龙城飞将在， 不教胡马度阴山。 同为“后七子”领袖的王世贞赞同李攀龙之说。王世贞在《艺苑卮言》中说：“于鳞(李攀龙)言唐人绝句当以此压卷，余始不     

"叫"的兴起与"教"的衰落

从汉末至明中叶．“教”一直是口语中最常用的使令性动词。后来，随着“叫”的广泛应用，“教”逐渐衰落，最终被“叫”取代。这主要是由于“教”在词义来源、语法形式、尤其是语音上的局限导致的。     

"昆明"得名来源考

“昆明”一词是个南亚语词,其本义是“人（人们、人民）。”昆明族当初应是一个南亚语民族,后来在汉藏语人南下的浪潮中,有的部分南迁,有的部分被同化,昆明族中的南亚语民族的成分渐渐淡化,汉藏语民族的成分越来越浓,最终成了汉藏语民族,但其族称却仍然是南亚语的。“巂”是个汉藏语词,本义也是“人”。“巂”人当初就是个汉藏语民族,这点与昆明族不同。孟高棉语民族中孟族的族称“孟”、芒族的族称“芒”、莽人的族称“莽”等词,与“昆明”、“吉蔑”、“高棉”等词同源,而本义也是“人（人们、人民）”。     

从"儒冠可溺"到"独尊儒术"

在中国历史上“汉唐”并称,与中国有关的东西往往冠以“汉”“唐”,如汉语、汉民族、唐装、唐人街……确实相比其他朝代,这两个朝代经济文化发达,国力强盛,出现过所谓的“盛世”。后来的宋朝虽然文化发达,但国家力量薄弱,总是受外族欺负。汉朝的文化教育事业发达同国家推行的政策是分不开的,总的来说汉朝比较重视文化、重用读书人。但是,汉朝刚开国时并不是如此的。汉高祖刘邦是个无赖泼皮出身,但他懂得用人,他手下人才济济,如张良、萧何、韩信、陈平无一不是将相之才,但是他从心底里轻视读书人,尤其讨厌儒生。据说有位郦食其的人去见他,他…     

“秦汉隋唐现象”原因解析

“秦汉隋唐现象”是一种值得深思的历史现象。从古以来,许多史学家、政治家、思想家曾对秦、汉、隋、唐的历史结局进行了分析,这些分析对于我们理解“秦汉隋唐现象”有帮助,但尚不深入。深入而言,“秦汉隋唐现象”的产生其实主要受四大因素的影响：一是战时思维和行为习惯的惯性影响;二是新制度磨合的延迟影响：三是事业成功与“盛世”的表面光环的迷惑;四是秦、隋速亡的现实冲击与汉、唐统治集团史学自觉的双重影响。这些因素的综合作用,最终导致了“秦汉隋唐现象”的出现。     

"再用汉画像石墓"研究

“再用汉画像石墓”分为两大类：即利用原墓进行修补后用来再次安葬和利用汉画像石作为建墓材料而再建的墓葬。其产生约在三力魏晋之间，社会动乱、经济衰退、薄葬之风，信仰转变是其产生的主要原因。再用汉画像石墓是中国丧葬上一种特殊的现象，它的发现与研究对于澄清汉画像石墓在断代上的混乱,弥补魏晋考古发掘的不足有一定作用；也是研究汉末至魏晋这一历史时期不可多得的材料。     

"草"字头与"竹"字头

本文题目并非多此一举，因为许多报刊的编辑乃至作家并没有完全弄明白此类字的来历，以致书写用字时经常出错。如果把在淝水之战中惨败的前秦皇帝苻坚误写为“符坚”，把西汉初名人萧何写成“箫何”，把萧条写成“箫条”，负笈写成“负芨”，轻薄写成“轻簿”，鞭笞写成“鞭苔”，账（不可为“帐”）簿写成“账薄”，牙签儿写成“牙莶儿”，草菅人命写成“草管人命”，滥竽充数写成“滥芋充数”，蚕儿上蔟写成“蚕儿上簇”等，说成是笔误或粗心大意的话，那么下面几组字的弄混就另当别论了。“篮子”、“竹篮”、“花篮”、“菜篮”、“摇篮…     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.