荷兰高等教育入学政策变革及其启示

荷兰政府近期从发展学生资助系统、开展信息运动、扩大"未被充分代表"群体的入学率、排除教育系统结构障碍等几个方面对高等教育入学政策进行了一系列重大变革,这无疑是提高高等教育入学率、加快高等教育普及化进程的有效举措。     

Effects of key state policies on private colleges and universities: sustaining private-sector capacity in the face of the higher education access challenge

The relationship between key state policy variables — (1) relative (private–public) tuition prices, (2) state student-aid funding, and (3) public institution density — and the competitive position of private colleges and universities is examined. Elite private schools are found to be nearly impervious to state policy. Large and moderately selective private institutions are adversely affected by public institution density and low public prices. Such prices divert students who would otherwise prefer these private institutions to similar public schools. State student aid funding most affects the enrollment market shares of the small, low-selectivity private colleges enrolling the greatest proportions of minority and modest-income students. The findings suggest state policies in this era of strong demand for higher education and constrained public sector capacity should use price signals (student aid and public institution pricing) to encourage students to consider seriously whether private higher education might serve their needs as well as or better than public institutions.     

台湾地区私立高等教育政策法规建设探析

台湾私立高等教育比较发达,这在一定程度上归功于其健全的私立高等教育的法津法规体系.台湾既有私立高等教育的专门法律法规,又有相关的法律中的条文规定,形成了系统可行的法规体系.台湾私立高等教育政策法规的建设历程和法规体系包含的主要内容,及其主要特点经验和教训,可以为大陆民办高等教育法制建设提供借鉴和参考.     

发展高等职业教育是调整高等教育结构的手段

我国单一的高等教育结构,虽然培养了大量的人才,但其规格与类型却不能满足社会对高层次实用型人才的需要,致使高等教育与经济的发展不相适应。对部分高等院校实行改革、改组和改制来发展高等职业教育,是调整我国高等教育结构的重要手段。     

关于健全成人教育政策法规的几点思考

成人教育肩负着建设人力资源强国的历史使命,而成人教育的健康运行需要政策法规的支撑。当前,原有的调整成人教育的政策、规章、规范已显得力不从心,政策缺乏普遍的约束力。作者依据成人教育的现实,对健全成人教育政策法规提出几点想法。力图为当今成人教育政策法规的制定提供参考。     

五十年代初山西高等教育的“院系调整”及其影响

我国 2 0世纪 5 0年代初的“院系调整”是高等教育领域的一项重大改革。山西高等教育在调整中 ,把当时山西惟一的具有相当规模和较强办学实力的山西大学分设为几个独立专门学院 ,一些系科划归外省院校 ,使后来的山西高等教育发展缓慢 ,相关专业人才培养困难和总体水平长期处于落后状态。     

高职教育改革在冲突理论视角下的策略调适分析

教育改革是社会发展的必然趋势,冲突理论认为冲突是社会的基本状态,具有社会整合的作用。在社会转型期内高校教育改革面临着很多矛盾与冲突,冲突理论为我们提供了一种框架进行分析。本文运用冲突理论分析高职学校教育改革中学校与教师、学校与学生、教师与学生、学生与学生之间的冲突,从而提出"以人为本"的教育模式,建立大学权利组织的多元化教育体制,完善制度化的教育协调机制,创立畅通的学校中介组织等调适机构。     

Alternative models of entrance exams and access to higher education: the case of the Czech Republic

The study compares the potential effects of a university admission exam model based on program-specific knowledge and an alternative model relying on general study aptitude (GSA) in the context of a strongly stratified educational system with considerable excess of demand over supply of university education. Using results of the Sonda Maturant 1998 survey, we show that in the specific context of the Czech Republic, displaying the above characteristics in the given period, an admission exam model based on general study aptitude tests may improve the access of talented individuals with lower socioeconomic status to university education. Our simulations show that with the GSA model (provided the model assumptions are met), the relative chances of an applicant with a university-educated father would be only by one-fourth higher than the relative chances of a student with a less educated father, as compared to the more than a one-third difference in case of the model emphasizing program-specific knowledge. The odds ratio for the GSA model is by 28% points lower for mother’s education.     

Refugees and online education: student perspectives on need and support in the context of (online) higher education

ABSTRACT

Online education and in particular Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are often regarded as a way to solve global educational challenges. In this article, we highlight the students’ uptake of such a ‘digital solution’. Presenting initial findings from a research project in Germany, we situate our investigation in the specific context of digital educational offers for refugees, using Kiron Open Higher Education as an example. Kiron has designed an innovative academic model, with MOOCs at its core, to ease refugees’ access into higher education. Drawing from student data of 1375 Kiron students we look at students’ actual usage of the offer and the accompanying support services as well as the difficulties refugee students face while navigating online higher education. Results show, amongst others, rather low completion rates in the online courses and point to a much more nuanced picture of how students make use of the offer – putting online education as an easy, straightforward formula to the integration of disadvantaged students into question.     

Notes on American higher education: “Planning” for universal access in the context of uncertainty

This article presents an overview of developments in U.S. higher education at the present time. There is a large, continuing and inherent uncertainty about student demand and there is also uncertainty about the nature and extent of Federal support for higher education. A levelling-out in terms of size and of budgets is anticipated and the system is having to learn how to cope with the implications of a “steady state” rather than an expanding system. One of the results of a “steady state” is that state planning efforts are no longer aimed at merely managing growth; there is a new tendency towards seeking to evaluate and improve academic programs. The relations between higher education and the state, and the dangers of increasing state intervention into the heart of the teaching-learning process, are questions to which our best efforts at “planning” might be addressed.     

South Africa: Distance higher education policies for access,social equity,quality, and social and economic responsiveness in a context of the diversity of provision

The principal concern of this paper is the implication of the increasing diversity of higher education provision in South Africa for equity of access and opportunity for historically disadvantaged social groups, high‐quality provision, and social and economic responsiveness in distance higher education. This diversity is signalled by a variety of modes of delivery and learning/teaching methods, and the use of various terms to depict these. The article addresses this concern through an engagement with critical distance higher education policy issues, such as institutional differentiation and roles, the institutional location of distance education provision, the development of expertise and resources, the financing of distance provision and its quality assurance, and the monitoring and evaluation of the performance of distance education providers. In the course of this engagement the article also addresses a number of key themes that recur across the various policy documents produced during the past decade of democracy in South Africa.     

规模扩大与高等教育入学机会均等化

This paper explores the role of socio-economic status in determining access to higher education over time. Findings show that the overall equality of higher education opportunity has improved because of the inclusion of more marginal students into lower-tier higher education institutions (HEIs); however, students from higher socio-economic status have benefited disproportionably from the expansion in elite universities. A brief discussion of the potential implications is presented. Translated from Beijing Daxue Jiaoyu Pinglun 北京大学教育评论 (Peking University Education Review), 2006, (1): 24–33     

高教英语教学中语境与词语的异常搭配

词语的异常搭配是为了语言的表达形象生动,把握这种偏离常规的形象生动,语境的把握尤其重要。语言表情达意,离不开语境。     

Supporting small-group learning using multiple Web 2.0 tools: A case study in the higher education context

In this single-case study, small groups of learners were supported by use of multiple social software tools and face-to-face activities in the context of higher education. The aim of the study was to explore how designed learning activities contribute to students' learning outcomes by studying probabilistic dependencies between the variables. Explorative Bayesian classification analysis revealed that the best predictors of good learning outcomes were wiki-related activities. According to the Bayesian dependency model, students who were active in conceptualizing issues by taking photos were also active blog reflectors and collaborative knowledge builders in their group. In general, the results indicated that interaction between individual and collective actions likely increased individual knowledge acquisition during the course.     

Hidden voices in higher education: inclusive policies and practices in social science and law classrooms

This paper pertains to a broader biographical-narrative research project which studies barriers and support as identified by students with disabilities at a Spanish University (Barriers and Support That Disabled Students Identify in the University. Project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Dir. Dr Anabel Moriña; Ref. EDU 2010–16264, 2010–2014)). The present study focuses specifically on barriers and support identified by students with disabilities enrolled in undergraduate programmes in the Social Sciences and Law. The purpose of this paper is to analyse, from the point of view of disabled students (applying the biographic-narrative methodology), which barriers and which support this group encounters in Higher Education. To this end, findings are organised in the following categories: general institutional data; infrastructure, architectural and accessibility-related data; faculty and teaching-related data; data relating to fellow students; and suggestions for improving the university and/or university classrooms. In the Conclusions section, we return to our earlier discussion of key findings which shed some light on how the University helps or hinders learning among participants in the study. From this perspective, taking as a reference the social model of disability, we conclude that in order to be inclusive, the University needs to commit itself to adopting proactive measures that eliminate the barriers that do not permit the learning and the full participation of the students in question.     

The changing role of international cooperation in developing countries (as they develop): A case study of skills development policies in Peru

A focus on the changes in the relationship between international cooperation and local actors in the skills development field in Peru as the country strengthened its financial position in the last two decades allows us to examine the role of the economic factor in these changes. The paper argues that indeed there is an association between the two. Peru's strengthened financial position has limited reliance on IC funding to carry out policy innovations, which has led IC to abandon the top-bottom approach to reform of the early nineties for a bottom-up approach that focuses in key actors at the middle level of the public sector entities and on sub-national governments. However, a second important factor has been institutional reform. Peru has developed a national policy towards IC and thus created a new setting for IC work, producing a more orderly environment for collaboration, while boosting information sharing among local agencies expecting international cooperation. The analysis stresses local factors conditioning changes and identifies lessons for the actors involved, particularly for international cooperation (IC), regarding possible strategies for a more effective role in skills development policies.     

Social exclusion,and educational opportunity: the case of British education policies within a European Union context1

This paper first examines the New Labour government's redefinition of equality of opportunity in Britain, mainly with regard to education and the ways in which it mediates ‘opportunity’. In doing so, it also draws on wider social policy issues, such as the use of education policies to combat social exclusion. Second, the paper reviews European Union policies and selected documents that address questions of social inclusion, social cohesion and the role of education in achieving those policy goals. The main argument is that both New Labour policies in Britain and the examined EU documents promote rather minimal understandings of the term ‘equality of opportunity’, while, education, in both cases, is given an enormous burden to carry in balancing increasingly liberalised market‐driven economies, with the requirements of a socially just society.     

Promoting self-regulated learning to improve achievement: A case study in higher education

Abstract

The aim of this article is to report on a study conducted to assess the effect of an intervention programme to improve SRL and the achievement of a group of poorly performing undergraduate students at the Tshwane University of Technology. SRL was used as theoretical framework. The case study reports on 20 Engineering students who attended learning skills intervention sessions and wrote a college version of the learning and study strategies inventory (LASSI) pre-test and post-test. The intervention consisted of 12 workshop sessions presented over a period of three months. The LASSI pre-test showed that the group scored below the 50th percentile on four scales (anxiety, attitude, selecting main ideas and test-taking strategies). Observed improvements in the post-test scores of the LASSI scales for seven out of ten scales were statistically significant. The students’ academic achievements also improved. The findings are important for improving student success and throughput in South African higher education.     

地方高师新生的心理与调适

笔者先后对沈阳大学师范学院1999、2000级入学的新生进行心理问卷调查，调查结果反映了一些新生入学后的某些心理不适应现象。本文据此提出了几点调适新生心理的方法与途径。     

20世纪50年代湖北省高校院系调整及其影响

20世纪50年代的院系调整是我国高等教育领域的一项重大改革,湖北省高校在调整过程中,建立了学科门类齐全的高等教育体系,培养了各类专门人才,适应了经济建设的需要,对湖北省高等教育的发展产生了较大影响。