美国手语的语法特点及使用简介

美国手语既不同于英语,也不同于手势代码英语,它有着自己独特的语法规则和使用要求.如在句子的语序上和书面语言、口语不同,聋人往往将需要强调的内容放在最后.在使用动词时根据其方向性分为单一方向、多向和无方向性三类.动词的时态需要用表示特定时间的手势来说明.在将手势组成句子时,按主题说明式、因果关系和刺激反应式、真实时间顺序式和从总体到具体的句型.作为一种视觉语言,它更强调用面部表情、体态语言等配合手势表达情意.如在表达否定思想时伴以摇头;在于聋人进行交往时要考虑光线、位置、动作的方向等因素;在有必要使用指拼时,双方都要以单词为单位来表达感知.这样才能实现有效的交流.     

促进聋人社会化的教育动漫研究

聋人社会化是聋人融入社会的必经之路,动漫的兴起与发展及其在教育中的应用为聋人社会化提供了一个很好的途径.文章通过文献和实地调研,阐述了教育动漫的教育性、科学性以及动漫的优点在聋人社会化进程中的重大作用,并在系统观的指导下,结合聋人的特点,提出了建设促进聋人社会化的教育动漫的过程及其应注意的问题.     

手语动词调查报告

中国手语的规范化工作需要建立在对各地聋人使用手语的调查基础之上,为此笔者在上海地区对手语动词的使用进行了调查.本文简述了此次调查的目的和方法,对调查数据进行了大致的梳理,比较了自然手势和手势汉语,各地手语及《中国手语》中的部分动词,分析了与手势动词相关的语法结构问题,并根据上海手语动词的调查结果对手语规范化提出相关建议.     

大教授街头"乞讨"失聪人投医奔澳仿生耳效果良好

聋人是痛苦的,他们有耳听不见,只能靠手势来与他人交流.世界上的聋人不计其数,据说仅中国就有大约500万人之众!     

汉语手语语法研究

为了解释和分析聋人书面语使用中词汇量少、句子成分省略和颠倒、不使用修饰成分等语言现象。本研究在理论语法、教学语法和中介语法的指导下,把10个聋人手语故事分解为1757幅静止的手语照片、对比聋人的书面语提出了手势词语、表情词语、聋式词语、身体词语、口型词语等概念,指出聋人手语中聋式词语、表情词语、身体词语和口型词语缺失是造成聋人书面语言中词汇量少的主要原因。同时结合手语的句法特点对聋人书面语中的句子现象进行了解释。     

聋人思维的发展与语言学习

聋人的交际工具是手语,在《教育大辞典》第二卷上“手势语”的定义是这样表示的：“手势语俗称‘哑语’、‘手势’,手语的一种,以手的动作和面部表情表达思想、进行交际的手段。使用时。多伴有上肢和身体的动作。在人类有声语言产生前及萌芽阶段．曾起到交际工具的作用：     

聋人与听力正常人拓扑性质知觉的错觉关联效应比较实验研究

本研究选取11名聋人与11名听力正常人作被试,采用双任务实验范式,通过操纵注意负载变量,对聋人与听力正常人拓扑性质知觉的错觉关联效应进行了比较研究。研究结果表明:(1)无论是低注意负载还是高注意负载条件下,被试均表现出一定程度的错觉关联效应,且随着注意负载的增加而急剧加强。(2)聋人和听力正常人不存在注意负载条件下视知觉加工过程中的错觉关联效应差异。     

手语语法和汉语语法的比较研究——寻找聋人失落的书面语

为了研究聋人大学生书面语中的问题,研究采用手语语法和汉语语法比较的方法,分析四个问题:手势和表演、量词和类标记、动词和类标记、时间词语。结果发现聋人在书面语中忽略了手语中的表情、动作和姿态等表演成份,手语中的类标记和量词有相同之处,手语手势的四个基本部分分别代表不同的意义,聋人学生时间词语掌握上存在困难。结论是通过对手语语法和汉语语法的对比和研究,可以解析聋人书面语产生错误的原因,找到纠正的方法。     

聋人自然手语中非手控特征研究

聋人自然手语中的非手控特征,即身体各种姿态和面部各种表情等非手势上的动作和变化,是手语中极其重要的元素,其除了具有健听人在交流时传递情感态度之外的作用,还具有强大的语法功能：表达不同的句式、词性、语气语调、陈述对象等。     

美国手语语言独特性探究——以美国手语中的时间信息表达为例

北美聋人使用的美国手语作为人类语言之一有着与其他语言许多的共性,同时,作为一种独特的视觉空间语言,它也有着不同于有声语言的表达特点和语言特性。它不仅通过使用手势符号表词达意,还借助头部、面部表情和上身体态的变化辅助表达更为细腻的情感、语言和语法意义。美国手语中对时间信息的表达更是体现了其语言表达上的独特性。通过对美国手语时间信息表达方式较为系统的介绍和分析,探究其作为视觉空间语言所体现出的语言表达独特性。     

手势识别研究概述

手势是一种自然而直观的人际交流模式.介绍了手势识别的发展过程以及手势的建模方法.当前人们采用不同的手势识别手段和技术来识别手势.同时介绍了当今比较先进的计算机手势输入技术,提出了一种新的手势识别方法,并举出已经实现的手势识别系统.     

Perception of sign language and its application to visual communications for deaf people

Video communication systems for deaf people are limited in terms of quality and performance. Analysis of visual attention mechanisms for sign language may enable optimization of video coding systems for deaf users. Eye-movement tracking experiments were conducted with profoundly deaf volunteers while watching sign language video clips. Deaf people are found to fixate mostly on the facial region of the signer to pick up small detailed movements associated with facial expression and mouth shapes. Lower resolution, peripheral vision is used to process information from larger, rapid movements of the signer in the video clips. A coding scheme that gives priority to the face of the signer may be applied to improve perception of video quality for sign language communication.     

A Longitudinal Investigation of Chimpanzees' Understanding of Visual Perception

Seven chimpanzees were tested for their understanding of the intentional aspect of visual perception at 5 – 6 years of age and again at 7 years of age. They appeared not to understand that they should use a species-typical, visually based begging gesture in front of someone who could see them, as opposed to someone who could not. Four experiments that were conducted when these same subjects were adolescents are reported here. The results suggest that there was no development between 5 and 9 years of age in the animals' understanding of visual perception as an internal state of attention. The subjects appeared to learn procedural, stimulus-based rules related to the frontal orientation, the face, and the eyes of the experimenters. Even subjects most adept at these tasks appeared to rely on stimulus-based rule structures, not an attribution of "seeing."     

提高我国服务贸易国际竞争力的若干思考

目前全球经济竞争的焦点正从货物贸易转向服务贸易,服务贸易在国际经贸领域中日益引起人们的高度重视。在分析服务贸易竞争力现状和影响因素的基础上,提出了提高我国服务贸易国际竞争力的建议。     

Collaboration and contestation in further and higher education partnerships in England: a Bourdieusian field analysis

Internationally, ‘College for All’ policies are creating new forms of vocational higher education (HE), and shifting relationships between HE and further education (FE) institutions. In this paper, we consider the way in which this is being implemented in England, drawing on a detailed qualitative case study of a regional HE–FE partnership to widen participation. We focus on the complex mix of collaboration and contestation that arose within it, and how these affected socially differentiated groups of students following high- and low-status routes through its provision. We outline Bourdieu’s concept of ‘field’ as a framework for our analysis and interpretation, including its theoretical ambiguities regarding the definition and scale of fields. Through hermeneutic dialogue between data and theory, we tentatively suggest that such partnerships represent bridges between HE and FE. These bridges are strong between higher-status institutions, but highly contested between lower-status institutions competing closely for distinction. We conclude that the trajectories and outcomes for socially disadvantaged students require attention and collective action to address the inequalities they face, and that our theoretical approach may have wider international relevance beyond the English case.     

自闭症谱系障碍者面孔加工障碍的成因——来自不同理论的解释

通过分析自闭症谱系障碍者面孔加工障碍的相关理论,揭示该群体面孔加工障碍的形成原因。首先,自闭症谱系障碍者在面孔加工中对社会刺激感知异常,对面孔缺乏兴趣,忽视面孔;在特定条件下回避眼睛,依靠嘴部进行面孔识别。相关理论有:社交动机假说、眼睛威胁假说和嘴部信息补偿假说。其次,自闭症谱系障碍者面孔加工能力不足,面孔加工相关脑区存在功能损伤、加工策略可能异常。相关理论有:加工策略异常假说、社会脑假说。最后,根据自闭症谱系障碍者面孔加工障碍的形成原因,提出教学启示。     

体制化时代的教育和教育研究

体制化是我们今天的教育和教育研究所面临的基本存在事实，我们需要认清体制化对教育和教育研究所提出的挑战，积极寻求个性与体制均衡的可能路径，在体制化的时代保持教育和教育研究的创造性活力，对教育和教育研究持守清醒的现实主义姿态，同时显明置身体制之中的教育知识人的独立品格。     

Revitalizing the Physical Education Social-Justice Agenda in the Global Era: Where Do We Go From Here?

Critical theorists have called attention to the intensification of diversity that is now occurring inside and outside of school, while critically engaging with the detrimental effects of globalization on equity, diversity, and social justice. Globalization presents new challenges to education and to issues of social justice. In this article, we argue that there is a need for scholars in the field of physical education to re-think and re-frame the social-justice agenda to address current inequalities produced by globalization. To support this argument, we first reflect on the impact of global neoliberalism on physical education; second, we discuss the ways in which, as a result of global neoliberalism, public health discourses have an “othering” effect on ethnically diverse young people; third, we propose a theoretical shift from a focus on equality to a focus on difference; and finally, we conclude with considerations for future research and curricula in school physical education.     

论高职教育在农村劳动力转移培训中的作用

农村劳动力转移培训是一项系统工程和长期任务,必须多方支持、多方参与·由于高职教育在农村劳动力转移培训中负有重要责任,具有其自身特点和优势,使其在农村劳动力转移培训中具有其它教育培训不可替代的作用·     

Meaningfulness is in the eye of the reader: eye-tracking insights of L2 learners reading e-books and their pedagogical implications

This study employed eye-tracking technology to probe the online reading behavior of 52 advanced L2 English learners. These participants read an e-book containing six types of multimedia supports for either vocabulary acquisition or comprehension. The six supports consisted of three micro-level supports that provided information about specific words (glosses, vocabulary focus, and footnotes), and three macro-level supports that provided global or background information (illustrations, infographics, and photos). The participants read the ebook under two presentation modes: (1) simultaneous mode: where digital input and supports were presented at the same time; and (2) sequential mode: where the digital content and supports were incrementally presented. Analyses showed that when reading for vocabulary acquisition, vocabulary focus and glosses were significantly fixated on, and when reading for comprehension, illustrations were more intensely fixated on. Additionally, when the digital content was incrementally presented, vocabulary focus received significantly higher total fixation duration. This suggests that reading under the sequential mode has the potency to guide L2 learners’ focal attention toward micro-level supports. In contrast, under the simultaneous presentation mode, L2 learners seemed to divide their focal attention among both micro-level and macro-level supports. Pedagogical implications are discussed based on the findings of this study.