动态图片结合回合式教学对自闭症儿童情绪识别能力的干预研究

目的:对自闭症(ASD)儿童四种基本情绪(开心、难过、生气、害怕)的识别能力进行干预,探究干预效果是否有效。方法:采用随机对照实验设计,以情绪的动态图片为干预材料,结合回合式教学方法,对ASD儿童干预组的四种基本情绪的命名、匹配进行8周的干预。结果:干预8周后,ASD儿童干预组情绪动态图的命名、匹配、总分的前后测成绩增量显著高于ASD儿童对照组。干预结束后的6周,ASD儿童干预组情绪动态图的命名、匹配、总分的追踪测成绩与其后测成绩差异不显著。结论:对ASD儿童情绪识别能力的干预取得了良好的即时效果和维持效果,显著提高了其情绪识别能力。     

3～5岁儿童面部表情命名能力的发展特点

面部表情识别是情绪理解的重要方面,是儿童个体发展和社会化的基础.本研究采用面部表情图片识别方法测试了3～5岁儿童对高兴、伤心、生气、害怕四种基本表情的命名能力.研究结果表明,3～5岁儿童的面部表情命名能力随着年龄的增长不断提高,他们对积极表情的命名能力显著优于对消极表情的命名能力,对害怕表情的识别在3～5岁这个年龄段中没有得到明显的发展.因此,对3～5岁儿童进行必要的情绪理解教育将有助于其个体情绪理解和社会适应能力的发展.     

流动儿童心理韧性的团体辅导干预研究

为探讨心理韧性团体辅导对于流动儿童的心理韧性水平的改善以及对心理适应的提高作用,以北京市东城区某打工子弟学校两个平行的四年级班级为研究对象,采用2*2混合设计,对实验组班级的流动儿童实施七次心理韧性团体干预活动,对照组班级不做任何干预.结果发现:(1)心理韧性干预活动对于心理韧性总分和情绪控制维度的干预效果显著;(2)心理韧性干预活动对低分组的流动儿童的心理韧性总分、积极认知、目标专注、情绪控制、人际协助干预效果显著;仅对高分组与中间组的心理韧性总分干预效果显著;(3)实验组心理韧性的变化状况可以预测心理适应的变化.结论:心理韧性团体干预有利于提升流动儿童的心理韧性水平,有助于提高流动儿童的心理适应.建议从学校、家庭、社会等多途径联合开展流动儿童的心理韧性干预项目.     

广场舞锻炼对更年期妇女抑郁焦虑情绪的影响

广场舞锻炼有利于缓解更年期妇女焦虑抑郁情绪.本文将58例更年期女性分为普通组和干预组两组.普通组患者只接受单纯药物治疗;干预组患者在药物治疗的同时进行为期8周的广场舞锻炼.干预前、干预后第4周和干预后第8周采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)和Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)进行评定.结果显示广场舞锻炼干预能明显改善患者的抑郁和焦虑状态,有效提高更年期女性的生活质量.     

基于学生基本心理需要满足的学校幸福感干预研究

基于基本心理需要满足和幸福感紧密相关的理论和实证研究,考察满足学生基本心理需要这一积极干预对其学校幸福感的影响.将来自一所中学的917名学生随机分配到四种积极干预组(自主需要满足干预、关系需要满足干预、能力需要满足干预、三种需要满足联合干预)、安慰剂对照组和空白对照组,并对四种积极干预组和安慰剂对照组的被试进行了为期六周的干预.被试在干预前、即刻干预后、干预效果追踪时均完成了《青少年学校幸福感量表》.研究结果如下:(1)干预六周后的即刻测量结果显示,自主需要满足干预组、关系需要满足干预组、三种需要满足联合干预组被试的学校幸福感均得到显著提高,三种需要满足联合干预组被试的学校幸福感提升量显著高于其他干预组.(2)干预结束2周后的追踪测量结果显示,自主需要满足干预组、关系需要满足干预组、三种需要满足联合干预组被试的学校幸福感提升的干预效果均得以维持.研究初步验证了可以采用促进学生在学校生活中的基本心理需要满足这一积极干预手段来提高其学校幸福感的假设,为提升学生学校幸福感的实践干预提供了实证支持.     

中度智力落后儿童情绪理解能力研究

探讨中度智力落后儿童在情绪识别、情绪观点采择和移情上的年龄和性别差异,了解智力落后儿童情绪理解能力发展情况。通过一对一实验测试的方法对80名智力落后儿童进行情绪理解任务的测验。研究发现,中度智力落后儿童高兴识别的正确率最高;在基本情绪识别上,情境观点采择和移情正确率的顺序是一致的。中度智力落后儿童在四种基本表情命名和三种不同的情绪理解任务上存在显著的年龄差异。     

2～5岁儿童情绪理解能力发展及其与语言能力的关系

本研究选取143名2～5岁儿童作为被试,以表情再认、表情命名、情绪观点采择任务考察其情绪理解能力发展水平,以皮博迪"图画一词汇"测验考察其语言能力发展水平,并分析儿童情绪理解能力发展与语言能力之间的关系.结果表明:(1)3～4岁是儿童获得表情再认和表情命名能力的关键年龄,4～5岁是儿童情绪观点采择能力发展的关键年龄;(2)对学前儿童而言,表情再认任务最容易,其次是表情命名任务,情绪观点采择任务最困难;(3)儿童的情绪理解能力与语言能力显著相关,即使在控制了年龄因素的影响后,相关仍然显著.     

孤独症谱系障碍儿童家长的同伴支持研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍(Autism Spectrum Disorder,ASD)对儿童的成长与发展不利,其家长的身心健康也深受影响。ASD儿童的家长需要持续的社会支持以应对育儿压力。作为非正式社会支持的重要组成部分,ASD儿童家长的同伴支持具有灵活、互惠、低成本、可利用度高、持续性较强等特点;支持的内容包括ASD的相关知识与干预技能、ASD诊断与康复服务的信息与资源、情绪调节策略、自我增能;有代表性的实施模式包括家长导师—学员模式和家长支持小组模式。未来研究需要更加关注ASD儿童父亲的家长同伴支持需求,进一步加强对家长导师的专业培训,注重家长同伴支持的本土化,并保障家长同伴支持的持续实施。     

严肃游戏在孤独症谱系障碍儿童干预中的应用

严肃游戏是一种非纯粹娱乐的电子游戏，要求在游戏中嵌入教学元素，旨在明确提升某方面的能力或技能。本文采用内容分析法，系统梳理2012-2022年之间国外将严肃游戏应用于孤独症儿童干预的实证研究文献，呈现其研究趋势，总结和归纳了其理论基础、技术载体和干预方向。严肃游戏为孤独症儿童的干预提出一个崭新维度，涉及认知、情绪和技能等方面，但目前国外严肃游戏的干预研究仍存在一定局限性。未来研发中应该完善ASD儿童严肃游戏设计，优化严肃游戏研究实验设计，加大本土化严肃游戏开发力度。未来教育实践一方面应进一步探索严肃游戏在ASD儿童干预中的应用途径，另一方面加强严肃游戏在ASD儿童教学实践中的应用。     

自闭症谱系障碍儿童的概念组织特征

主题关系和分类学关系是儿童用于组织周围世界的两套重要的概念系统,ASD儿童的概念组织依赖知觉过程表现出能力差异概念组织依赖知觉过程表现出能力差异.研究选取26名ASD儿童作为被试,采用样本匹配任务进行了两个实验.研究发现高功能ASD儿童的概念关系加工能力较好,概念组织主要受关系强度影响,低功能ASD儿童对分类学关系的加...     

5~6岁幼儿对四种基本情绪相关词汇的理解和运用

儿童理解和运用情绪词汇的水平对其情绪理解与表达有重要影响。本研究运用自编的用于描述高兴、悲伤、愤怒、恐惧四种基本情绪的词汇表(共59个情绪词汇),通过准实验研究测量5~6岁幼儿对情绪词汇的理解和运用情况。结果发现,5~6岁幼儿能理解描述这四种基本情绪的词汇约33个,其中“高兴”12个、“悲伤”9个、“愤怒”7个、“恐惧”5个;能运用描述这四种基本情绪的词汇约6个,其中“高兴”2个、“悲伤”2个、“愤怒”1个、“恐惧”1个。5~6岁幼儿理解描述高兴的情绪词汇显著多于描述悲伤、愤怒和恐惧的情绪词汇;运用描述高兴的情绪词汇显著多于描述愤怒和恐惧的情绪词汇;运用描述悲伤和愤怒的情绪词汇显著多于描述恐惧的情绪词汇;运用描述高兴和悲伤的情绪词汇不存在显著差异。5~6岁幼儿对这四种基本情绪词汇的理解和运用没有明显的性别差异。教师和家长应关注幼儿对情绪词汇的理解与运用,并通过为幼儿创设支持性的学习环境,促进其情绪词汇理解和运用能力的发展。     

Does Training Toddlers in Emotion Knowledge Lead to Changes in Their Prosocial and Aggressive Behavior Toward Peers at Nursery?

Research Findings: Within the flourishing area of research demonstrating the efficacy of emotion-based interventions carried out by trained teachers in educational contexts in increasing children’s emotional skills, this study makes an original contribution to the existing literature by focusing on the effects of this kind of intervention on toddlers’ prosocial and aggressive behavior. Ninety-five 26- to 36-month-olds participated in a 2-month intervention in which trained teachers read emotion-based stories to small groups of children and then either involved them in conversations about emotions (experimental condition) or did not (control condition). Even after we controlled for age and general language ability, the children in the experimental condition were found to outperform the control group on measures of emotion knowledge and emotional-state talk. Furthermore, the intervention fostered gains in prosocial behavior, whereas it did not have a significant effect on the frequency of aggressive actions, which was lower at posttest in both groups. The positive effect of the training program on participants’ prosocial behavior was no longer significant when we controlled for gains in emotion knowledge and emotional-state talk. Practice or Policy: The results encourage the implementation of early educational programs focused on emotion knowledge in order to foster children’s prosocial behavior toward peers.     

Teachers’ Emotion Minimizing Language and Toddlers’ Social Emotional Competence

Teachers in toddler classrooms are important agents of emotion socialization. The current study examined teachers’ use of emotion minimizing language in toddler classrooms and toddlers’ social emotional competence. Teachers’ emotion minimizing language is described as language that purposefully distances them from a child’s emotions and discourages children’s expression of their emotions. Research Findings: Results indicate a negative relationship between teachers’ emotion minimizing language and toddlers’ social emotional competence when program quality, child age, and child gender are controlled. Practice or Policy: Implications relevant to teacher preparation programs and professional development are discussed, with a primary focus on the methods by which teachers are trained to use language to respond to young children’s emotions.     

自闭症谱系障碍儿童共情过程中能力缺陷量化研究

共情缺陷是导致自闭症儿童社交障碍的重要因素。研究选取了28名3-7岁的自闭症和正常发展儿童,通过生理信号、面部表情和认知绩效等多模态数据的分析,探讨自闭症儿童共情过程中各阶段的特点,分析自闭症儿童共情缺陷的具体表现。研究发现,自闭症儿童的共情能力缺陷主要体现在较差的认知共情能力和较差的面部表情模仿能力;自闭症儿童的共情过程存在正常的自下而上的情绪分享过程和异常的自上而下的认知调节过程。因此,自闭症儿童共情能力的干预重点应聚焦认知调节过程中认知共情能力的提升和表情模仿能力的训练。     

Using video self-modelling to increase active learning responses during small-group reading instruction for primary school pupils with social emotional and mental health difficulties

Effectiveness of a video self-modelling (VSM) intervention was examined with primary schoolchildren who attended a full-time special education programme for pupils with social emotional and behavioural difficulties and who exhibited inappropriate behaviour during small-group reading instruction. A randomised multiple-probe baseline design was used in this study in four subjects with a follow-up phase 6 weeks after intervention. Four children aged 10 were videotaped during reading instruction to determine levels of active learning and behavioural difficulties. Intervention took place at the teacher’s desk or table 3–5 minutes immediately before the child’s designated time for reading group instruction. During intervention, the children were shown carefully selected brief segments of their own video that had been recorded during the previous session. Results indicated VSM was an effective intervention for increasing active learning responses and for reducing behavioural difficulties during reading instruction. Optimum results were maintained for more than 8 weeks after intervention. These results support VSM as an effective antecedent intervention and add to the growing body of evidence-based practices for elementary school pupils who have social emotional and mental health difficulties.     

情绪调节策略与延迟满足关系的实验研究

为研究情绪调节策略对情绪类型与延迟满足关系影响,采用两种不同情绪类型的视频短片启动大学生产生相应的情绪(积极情绪或消极情绪),比较两种条件下使用认知重评策略与表达抑制策略对紧随其后的延迟满足任务成绩的影响。实验结果表明:积极情绪状态下,认知重评与表达抑制组延迟满足得分差异不显著;消极情绪状态下,认知重评组延迟满足任务得分显著高于表达抑制组。结论:认知重评策略能够有效地改善消极情绪对延迟满足表现的负面影响。     

Mothers' Beliefs about Feelings and Children's Emotional Understanding

We revised Hyson and Lee's (1996) Caregiver's Beliefs about Feelings questionnaire for use with parents. One hundred and fifteen mothers of 4- to 6- year-old children completed the Parents' Beliefs about Feelings questionnaire (PBAF). We assessed emotional understanding of 60 of the children using Denham's (1986) measure. Factor analysis supported a 2-factor solution for the PBAF. The first subscale (Emotion Language) reflected mothers' belief in socializing emotion language. The second subscale (Developmental Beliefs) assessed mothers' belief that their children were not developmentally ready to control or talk about emotions. Mothers' Developmental Beliefs scores were positively related to mothers' negative emotional expressiveness. Mothers' Emotion Language scores were positively related to children's knowledge of emotion terms. Results may help educators design intervention programs to teach children emotional and social skills.     

Does adding video and subtitles to an audio lesson facilitate its comprehension?

We examined whether adding video and subtitles to an audio lesson facilitates its comprehension and whether the comprehension depends on participants' cognitive abilities, including working memory and executive functions, and where they looked during video viewing. Participants received lessons consisting of statements of facts under four conditions: audio-only, audio with verbatim subtitles, audio with relevant video, and audio with both subtitles and video. Comprehension was assessed as the accuracy in answering multiple-choice questions for content memory. We found that subtitles facilitated comprehension whereas video did not. In addition, comprehension of audio lessons with video depended on participants' cognitive abilities and eye movement pattern: a more centralized (looking mainly at the screen center) eye movement pattern predicted better comprehension as opposed to a distributed pattern (with distributed regions of interest). Thus, whether video facilitates comprehension of audio lessons depends on both learners’ cognitive abilities and where they look during video viewing.