采用明尼苏达多相人格量表(MMPI) 进行的一次心理测量

为了研究在押犯的人格特点，并提出相应的教育改造对策，本项研究选用了男性在押犯210人，用明尼苏达多相个性调查表(MMPI)进行了测试，并与明尼苏达多相个性调查表中国修订版常模样本中的男性被试820人的特征进行了比较。结果发现：在押犯具有明显的人格异常偏向，并且这种偏向具有整体性和一致性；在押犯人格异常偏向突出表现为忧郁、焦虑、对未来悲观失望等六个方面。在此基础上，提出了对在押犯教育改造的七条对策。     

温度及其测量

温度是表示物体冷热程度的物理量,是物体内部分子热运动平均动能的标志,温度越高,物体内部分子的热运动越剧烈．温度的测量与人们的学习和生活有着密切的联系,与温度有关的很多问题是现代物理学研究的热点。     

The governance of decentralised cooperation in collective training systems: a review and conceptualisation

Collective training systems are based on the cooperation of multiple public and private stakeholders in order to work. However, such cooperation is not self-sustaining and depends, for instance, on public policies, capable intermediary organisations and shared logics of action. In this conceptual paper, we first review the political economy literature on cooperation in collective skill formation and find that it has given insufficient attention to the systematic comparative analysis of cooperation at the decentralised level as well as the actual social practices of cooperation. The paper then develops a multidisciplinary analytical framework that allows future research to examine decentralised cooperation at the regional, sectoral and occupational levels more systematically. This framework is grounded in a synthesis of three strands of empirical research on vocational education and training, namely the comparative political economy literature on governance, corporatism and coordination, institutional labour and societal economics as well as the educational science literature.     

Understanding randomness and its impact on student learning: lessons learned from building the Biology Concept Inventory (BCI)

While researching student assumptions for the development of the Biology Concept Inventory (BCI; http://bioliteracy.net), we found that a wide class of student difficulties in molecular and evolutionary biology appears to be based on deep-seated, and often unaddressed, misconceptions about random processes. Data were based on more than 500 open-ended (primarily) college student responses, submitted online and analyzed through our Ed's Tools system, together with 28 thematic and think-aloud interviews with students, and the responses of students in introductory and advanced courses to questions on the BCI. Students believe that random processes are inefficient, whereas biological systems are very efficient. They are therefore quick to propose their own rational explanations for various processes, from diffusion to evolution. These rational explanations almost always make recourse to a driver, e.g., natural selection in evolution or concentration gradients in molecular biology, with the process taking place only when the driver is present, and ceasing when the driver is absent. For example, most students believe that diffusion only takes place when there is a concentration gradient, and that the mutational processes that change organisms occur only in response to natural selection pressures. An understanding that random processes take place all the time and can give rise to complex and often counterintuitive behaviors is almost totally absent. Even students who have had advanced or college physics, and can discuss diffusion correctly in that context, cannot make the transfer to biological processes, and passing through multiple conventional biology courses appears to have little effect on their underlying beliefs.     

The Perceptions of Success Inventory for Beginning Teachers: Measuring its psychometric properties

This study investigated the construction and evaluation of an instrument called the Perceptions of Success Inventory for Beginning Teachers (PSI-BT) intended to measure factors documented in research that contribute to beginning teachers’ perceptions of success. The PSI-BT was found to assess the following factors using exploratory factor analysis: (1) Administrative Support, (2) Classroom Climate, (3) Mentor Support, (4) Colleague and Instructional Resource Support, (5) Commitment, and (6) Assignment and Workload. Internal reliability, content validity, and concurrent validity were also measured in the validation process. Our findings suggest that the PSI-BT provides a reliable and valid instrument that can provide schools with valuable feedback to ensure the success of their beginning teachers.     

英语学习者的心理障碍及其消除

学习是智力因素和非智力因素共同作用的心理过程。非智力因素当中的动机、态度、兴趣、意志、性格、价值观等因素直接决定着英语学习者的心理状态。良好的心理状态对英语学习有很大的促进作用,而心理障碍则会不同程度地妨碍英语学习效果。本文作者结合英语教学工作实际着重分析了英语学习者心理障碍两种类型及表现,并就如何消除这些心理障碍提供了一些途径和建议。     

The development and validation of the Attitudinal Learning Inventory (ALI): a measure of attitudinal learning and instruction

In this paper, we present the development and validation of a new measure of attitudinal learning—the Attitudinal Learning Inventory (ALI). While specific scales are available for measuring attitudes, they largely focus on established attitudes, not the impact of instruction on those attitudes. We developed the inventory with two explicit objectives: (1) to measure a broad range of attitude constructs representing a holistic view of attitudinal learning and instruction; and (2) to facilitate the measurement of attitudinal learning that can be useful for educational researchers beyond traditional metrics. The ALI was developed and validated across two samples of a total of 1009 participants with diverse demographics. The ALI comprises 15 scale items and exhibited good psychometric properties and conformed to the theoretical four-dimensional structure of attitudinal learning: cognitive, affective, behavioral, and social. The ALI was also shown to correlate with behavioral metrics of class engagement. Future uses of the new measure are discussed. Participants were taken from entirely online populations, and while demographically diverse, implementation of the scale with face-to-face instruction, in varied settings, and across different groups of learners is needed to provide additional evidence of its intended generalizability and consider possible biases.     

经济订货量EOQ与JIT中的零存货

本文分析比较经济批量模型和准时生产方式下的零存货管理模式,论述两者之间的表面矛盾和内在统一关系,并指出JIT中的零存货管理是对EOQ的突破与发展,是库存管理的发展趋势。     

经济订货量EOQ与JIT中的零存货

本文分析比较经济批量模型和准时生产方式下的零存货管理模式,论述两者之间的表面矛盾和内在统一关系,并指出JIT中的零存货管理是对EOQ的突破与发展,是库存管理的发展趋势。     

英语阅读理解的心理过程分析及其对英语教学的启示

英语阅读理解是提高学生英语水平的重要课题,也是心理语言学的一大研究内容.心理语言学认为,阅读的心理过程包括四个阶段,即字词视觉感知阶段、句子结构分析与释义阶段、语篇理解阶段和语言信息存储与提取阶段.可见,阅读理解不是简单的文字密码破译过程,而是极为复杂的心理过程.因此,研究英语阅读理解的心理过程,对于搞好英语阅读教学有重要的指导作用.     

幼儿阅读的心理特点及其教育策略

阅读是一个人必须具备的能力,而阅读能力不是天生具备,需要从小进行有意识的培养。本从四个方面阐述了成人应如何根据幼儿心理发展特点,进行有效的阅读指导,从而培养幼儿自主阅读的习惯和能力：从小培养幼儿阅读的兴趣,获得阅读的经验和体验;要根据幼儿的心理特点选择阅读书目,逐渐培养幼儿从无目的到有目的的选择图书的能力;通过亲子共读,教会幼儿阅读的技巧与方法,提高阅读的效益及乐趣;督促幼儿形成良好的阅读习惯,提高自主阅读能力。     

Doherty射频功率放大器研究与实践

在分析经典Doherty放大器工作原理基础上,对主从放大器使用不同的漏极偏置电压和电路匹配,设计出一种新型Doherty功率放大器,分析了该结构对于效率和线性化的影响．以飞思卡尔公司的MRF6S20010N功放模型,利用ADS2008对放大器进行静态工作点选取,源负载网络匹配和微带线的计算。结果表明这种功率放大器不但能够提高性能指标,还增强了放大器的稳定性。     

Development of the Student-Athlete Career Situation Inventory (SACSI)

Currently a sound and reliable measure of a student-athlete's career development does not exist. The purpose of this study was to develop a psychometrically sound instrument that measures the career situation of student-athletes. Participants for the study were 204 (138 male and 66 female) student-athletes from a large midwestern Division I university. A primary axis factor analysis using promax rotation revealed that five factors, named: Career Development Self-efficacy, Career versus Sport Identity, Locus of Control, Barriers to Career Development, and Sport to Work Relationship, accounted for 81.39% of the common variance in the data. The internal reliability of each factor of the Student-athlete Career Situation Inventory (SACSI) was established using Cronbach's alpha (.70 to .80). The criterion validity of the SACSI was investigated by regressing career experiences and gains on the five factors of the SACSI, resulting in significant squared multiple correlations (.17, .28).     

The Effects of Educational Change on Morale, Job Satisfaction and Motivation

In the UK the morale of schoolteachers and academicsis the subject of concern, and negative job-relatedattitudes amongst these two groups of educationprofessionals is attributed, in the main, to lowsalary, low status and, in particular, the impact ofgovernment reforms. This article draws upon thefindings of the author's research into jobsatisfaction, morale and motivation amongst teachersin the compulsory schooling and higher educationsectors. It focuses upon one specific issue that wasrevealed to be a significant factor in determiningmorale levels amongst education professionals:attitudes to change. The author outlines herinterpretations and definitions of morale, jobsatisfaction and motivation before examining the waysin which individuals' different responses to theimpact of change on their working lives influencedthese three jobrelated attitudes.     

Coping Styles and Psychological Distress among Hong Kong University Students: Validation of the Collectivist Coping Style Inventory

This study examined the factorial structure of the Collectivist Coping Style inventory (Heppner et al. Journal of Counseling Psychology 53:107–125, 2006) and investigated how the effects of stress-related events on psychological distress are mediated through coping strategies. Three hundred and five Hong Kong university students participated in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the five-factor structure of the original inventory. Although family support was widely used as a means to cope with stressful events, students with specific relationship-related stress reported greater use of avoidance strategies. The mediating effect of coping strategies on the relationship between stress-related events and psychological distress was generally small. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.     

主体心理因素对体育教学评价的影响

本文分析了主体心理因素对体育教学评价的影响,以及评价者对评价的价值判断、印象、态度等做出的评价偏差,并且对主体心理因素影响体育教学评价,提出了相应对策.     

学习不努力的心理机制及应对策略

本文从自我价值理论的视角剖析了学生学习不努力的内在心理机制和学习不努力的具体表现,在此基础上提出了应对学习不努力的五种课堂教学策略.     

Shorter Version of the Counseling Self-Estimate Inventory (COSE): A Sample from Turkish Counselor Candidates (COSE-TR)

Counseling self-efficacy is defined as a counselor’s beliefs regarding their ability to counsel a client effectively. Larson et al. (1992) developed the Counseling Self-Estimate Inventory (COSE) to determine counselors’ self-efficacy in the dimensions of microskills, counseling process, difficult client behavior, cultural competence, and awareness of values. The COSE has been used widely in the United States as well as being adapted to other cultures. The purpose of the present study was to obtain validity and reliability evidence for the COSE in a Turkish sample towards the creation of a Turkish version (COSE-TR). Analyses regarding internal consistency and construct validity were undertaken via CFA and EFA, and divergent and convergent validity assessments were performed. The devised COSE-TR obtained a Cronbach alpha coefficient of .92. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factor model with 53.82% of the total variance explained, which the CFA also supported. The COSE-TR correlated negatively with trait anxiety as measured on the ‘State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale’ (involving only Trait anxiety STAI-T; Spielberger 1983), but positively with generalized self-efficacy as measured via the ‘General Self-Efficacy Scale’ (GSE; Schwarzer and Jerusalem 1995). As for language equivalence, there was no difference between the means of total scores obtained from the original COSE and the created Turkish shorter version. Results revealed that the shortened COSE-TR can be regarded as a valid and reliable instrument for measuring counseling self-efficacy with Turkish counselors. Implications for counseling psychology, counselor education and supervision in developing nations and the transculturality of counseling self-efficacy are discussed.     

内省法的发展及其在心理咨询与治疗中的作用

纵观心理学发展的历史,内省法在各个时期都得到了不同程度的运用。探讨心理学中内省法的发展及其在各个时期心理咨询与治疗中的作用,帮助我们进一步整合内省法及其不同变式,使其在心理学的发展和应用中发挥更大的作用。     

心理免疫力：涵义、结构及其影响因素

心理免疫力是个体在后天社会实践活动中不断与内外环境刺激进行交互作用基础上获得的、并受先天生物性因素影响的、维持自身心理健康的应对能力.由免疫心理活动、免疫心理品质和免疫心理调控三个子系统有机组成的一个完整的结构系统,各子系统又包含自己的组成成分.理免疫力形成和发展既受到先天生物性因素的影响,又受制于后天社会性因素和个体因素的制约.