Spelling without phonology: A study of deaf and hearing children

To what extent does phonology play a role in spelling English words? The written responses of deaf students and groups of hearing children to five tasks were subjected to quantitative and qualitative analyses. The first three tasks were used to see if deaf students utilized phonology when they generated their own words and to compare their spelling performance with that of hearing subjects. The fourth and fifth tasks were designed to compare the spelling performance of deaf and hearing subjects when they were required to reproduce visually presented common words. Results showed that deaf students, who were chronologically much older, were not better spellers than hearing children from the fifth grade. Analysis of data revealed little evidence that the deaf students involved in the present study utilize phonology in spelling. Nor did word-specific visual memory for entire words appears to play a role in spelling by deaf students. Rote visual memory for letter patterns and sequences of letters within words, however, appears to play a role in the spelling by deaf students. It is concluded that sensitivity to the stochastic-dependent probabilities of letter sequences may aid spelling up to certain point but phonology is essential for spelling words whose structure is morphophonemically complex.

     

Boya education in China: Lessons from liberal arts education in the U.S. and Hong Kong

In this paper, taking as our point of departure the importance of China’s “boya” education (BYE) and the West’s liberal arts education (LAE) in an era that will be increasingly dominated by information technology (IT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), we examine the importance of BYE in Mainland China and LAE in the U.S. and Hong Kong. We argue that (a) the recent resurgence and growing significance of LAE in the world has been due to the right skill sets it provides in the information technology era in which many new jobs will be created and existing jobs destroyed ; (b) professional or technical training is not only compatible with the fundamental values of boya or liberal arts but also important in showcasing the strengths of BYE and LAE; (c) the combined benefits of BYE or LAE and professional or technical training may be achieved by adopting the main features of LAE such as its broad-based curriculum and whole-person development approach to undergraduate education or by combining a student's undergraduate and postgraduate studies over time; and (d) for BYE to achieve its goals in China it should occupy a central rather than tangential role in the undergraduate curriculum.     

关于现代教育技术与21世纪新型人才的思考

21世纪需要具有高度文化素质(特别是信息方面的知识与能力)和高尚道德品质全面发展的人.实践证明现代教育技术具有传统教育方式无可比拟的优势,能够满足21世纪信息社会对新型人才提出的培养要求.     

大学生21世纪技能影响因素研究

随着计算机和网络技术的不断发展,新的知识和信息呈现指数增长的趋势,这既给大学生带来了不断提升自身能力的机会,又为大学生适应社会的发展带来了挑战。培养21世纪技能是大学生应对挑战的利刃,尤其是创造性思维、协作交流能力以及信息、媒介和技术素养。了解学生的个体因素和社会因素中有哪些会促进这些能力的培养对于有效地大学培养计划至关重要。通过对北京师范大学247名本科生、研究生的研究发现：个体因素中的性别和学科会对三方面技能有显著影响,男生在各个方面均优于女生,但值得注意的是文科生三方面能力均优于理科生;而社会因素中母亲学历与三方面能力呈正相关;与此同时,大学生的三方面技能存在显著的相关性,因此在培养过程中需要综合考虑。     

Response to ACCEL: Emphasize Development,Domains, and Application

In this article, we provide a response to the Active Concerned Citizenship and Ethical Leadership (ACCEL) model put forward by Sternberg (2017). Our commentary focuses on four critical areas that do not receive sufficient attention in Sternberg’s proposed model: (a) the developmental nature of giftedness; (b) that giftedness is domain specific, particularly at later stages in the talent development process; (c) the challenge in applying ACCEL in the real world of schools; and (d) whether the arts and other performance areas are compelled to have an ethical theme in order to be valuable.     

Examining teachers’ perceptions of K‐11 students’ 21st century skills and student performance

This study examined the relationship of teachers’ ratings of students’ 21st century skills (i.e., persistence, curiosity, externalizing and internalizing affect, and cognition) via the Human Behavior Rating Scale: Brief (HBRS: Brief; Eaves & Woods‐Groves, 2011) with student performance. Midwestern K‐11 teachers (n = 96) rated students (n = 1,689) via the HBRS: Brief and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 1997). Students’ academic (i.e., standardized tests) and behavioral (i.e., office discipline referrals [ODRs] and absences) performance was compared with HBRS: Brief ratings. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that teachers’ ratings of students’ 21st century skills were related to the following: (a) Persistence with SDQ conduct problems, academic performance, and absences; (b) curiosity with SDQ emotional symptoms; (c) externalizing affect with SDQ conduct problems, academic performance, and ODRs; (d) internalizing affect with SDQ emotional symptoms and academic performance, and (e) cognition with academics.     

探索21世纪素质教育与国际化人才培养的动力机制

经济全球化、智力化趋势的迅猛发展,必将对传统教育思想、教育体制和人才培养模式产生革命性的影响,要求我们的整个教育体系以素质教育为指导进行调整与改革。面对知识经济的挑战,我国教育工作者应当站在教育国际化和现代化的战略高度,研究全球化的影响,积极探索素质教育怎样主动地为知识经济发展服务,并加快推进国际化人才培养方略的有效实施。     

21世纪大学生体育能力的含义与培养途径

讨论21世纪大学生体育能力的含义及其在高校学生体育能力形成中的作用,提出培养21世纪大学生体育能力的原则———方法体系、课程项目———能力体系、目标———课程结构体系和课程学习考评方案。为高校体育教学改革与发展提供参考。     

经济全球化与21世纪我国经济的发展趋势

经济全球化是21世纪经济发展的大趋势，我国如何利用加入WTO的契机，把我国的经济融入世界经济的大潮，是我国经济面临的重大挑战，抓住机遇才能极大地提高生产力，是我国经济发展的必然之路。     

多元共生 齐头并进——新世纪广西诗歌述评

广西诗歌在进入新世纪之后开始复苏。近十年来,广西诗歌一直保持着上升的势头,为诗坛贡献出了一批值得研究的诗歌文本,形成了蔚为壮观的新世纪广西诗歌整体。     

Perceptions of STEM alumni and students on developing 21st century skills through methods of teaching and learning

21st century skills are essential for career readiness. We investigated the development of students’ 21st century skills at a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) research university: Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. We designed a self-reporting questionnaire covering 14 skills and deployed it to approximately 1500 students and alumni. Respondents were asked to rate each skill based on the degree to which it was developed during their studies. Domain-general skills scored higher than STEM-specific skills or soft (interpersonal) skills, whereas STEM-specific skills scored higher than soft skills. Content analysis revealed nine methods of teaching and learning through which skills developed. The four active methods had a small effect on domain-general skills, while the five passive methods had a medium-to-large effect on these skills. Active methods had a medium-size effect on both STEM-specific and soft skills, whereas passive methods had no effect on either group. Our contribution lies in identifying and matching methods to skills.     

Developmental trajectories of children's spatial skills: Influencing variables and associations with later mathematical thinking

Few studies have examined the long-term relations between children's early spatial skills and their later mathematical abilities. In the current study, we investigated children's developmental trajectories of spatial skills across four waves from age 3–7 years and their association with children's later mathematical understanding. We assessed children's development in a large, heterogeneous sample of children (N = 586) from diverse cultural backgrounds and mostly low-income homes. Spatial and mathematical skills were measured using standardized assessments. Children's starting points and rate of growth in spatial skills were investigated using latent growth curve models. We explored the influence of various covariates on spatial skill development and found that socioeconomic status, language skills, and sex, but not migration background predicted children's spatial development. Furthermore, our findings showed that children's initial spatial skills––but not their rate of growth––predicted later mathematical understanding, indicating that early spatial reasoning may play a crucial role for learning mathematics.     

Conceptualizations of Creativity: Comparing Theories and Models of Giftedness

This article reviews seven different theories of giftedness that include creativity as a component, comparing and contrasting how each one conceptualizes creativity as a part of giftedness. The functions of creativity vary across the models, suggesting that while the field of gifted education often cites the importance of creativity, the conceptualizations of creativity differ depending on the particular theory. The various models of giftedness can be interpreted from the context of current creativity research because certain elements of these conceptualizations can be found in social models, the evolving systems approach, and the domain-generality debate. An integrative perspective of creativity research reveals that some models of giftedness are more comprehensive and consistent in terms of the creativity literature.