道:中国文化的字徽

道是中国化最根本的概念,它起源于原始仪式,理性化于先秦,关联到中国化的方方面面,通过与无、气、理的关联,与心、路、言的关联而展示了中国化的特质。     

Science Letters:EHPred: an SVM-based method for epoxide hydrolases recognition and classification

INTRODUCTION Epoxide hydrolases (EHs) play a key role in the transformation and metabolism of xenobiotics in bio-systems (Armstrong, 1987). The enzymes are found ubiquitously in various organisms, including mammals, plants, insects and microorganisms, etc. (Argiriadi et al., 1999). In the human body, EHs are found in organs such as the liver, lung, heart, brain, breast tissue, kidneys, and are associated with various diseases, including emphysema, pregnancy-induced hypertension, acute r…     

Imbalanced free radicals and antioxidant defense systems in schizophrenia： A comparative study

Objective： To examine changes of blood oxidative-antiovidative level in schizophrenic patients and its relationship with clinical symptoms. Methods： Forty-six Chinese patients met DSM-IV （Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-iV） criteria for schizophrenia and fifty age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. Baseline psychiatric symptom severity was assessed with brief psychiatric rating scale, positive and negative syndrome scale on the blood draw day. Fresh blood samples were collected to measure levels of nitric oxide and lipid peroxide in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in red blood cells by spectrophotometric assays simultaneously. Results Comparison of the biochemical parameters indicated that the level of nitric oxide and lipid peroxide increased in patient group, which represented a positive correlation with positive scale scores; while the activities of three critical enzymes decreased and showed a negative linear correlation. Conclusion： This study showed that there are dysregulation of free radical metabolism and poor activities of the antioxidant defense systems in schizophrenic patients. Excess free radicals formation may play a critical role in the etiology of schizophrenia. Using antioxidants might be an effective therapeutic approach to partially alleviate or prevent the symptoms of schizophrenia.     

高效无源光网络GPON

本文扼要介绍了新型高效无源光网络GPON，并对它的技术特点和相关技术做了分析。     

简析网络时代的整合营销传播

运有营销学、传播学、管理学和网络管理等技术等跨学科、多领域的研究方法，试从多学科理论和运用IT工具来解决整合营销传播的可行性问题，即如何实现整合营销/IMC以及如何利用营销信息系统MKIS来实现整合营销功能等，运用规范分析与实证分析相结合的方法，包括战略营销模式、营销系统模型、管理信息系统模型、网络化管理等，试系统论证并完善“整合营销传播”方法论的理论体系，试从模型化、网络化的基本思路来构建整合营销的系统解决方案，分析和总结整合营销传播的战略与策略、整合营销模式的理论及实践意义，使之能在营销理论上有所创新，并能够为中国企业的营销实践提供具有可操作性的原则和方法。     

EHPred： an SVM-based method for epoxide hydrolases recognition and classification

A two-layer method based on support vector machines （SVMs） has been developed to distinguish epoxide hydrolases （EHs） from other enzymes and to classify its subfamilies using its primary protein sequences. SVM classifiers were built using three different feature vectors extracted from the primary sequence of EHs： the amino acid composition （AAC）, the dipeptide composition （DPC）, and the pseudo-amino acid composition （PAAC）. Validated by 5-fold cross tests, the first layer SVM classifter can differentiate EHs and non-EHs with an accuracy of 94.2% and has a Matthew＇s correlation coefficient （MCC） of 0.84. Using 2-fold cross validation, PAAC-based second layer SVM can further classify EH subfamilies with an overall accuracy of 90.7% and MCC of 0.87 as compared to AAC （80.0%） and DPC （84.9%）. A program called EHPred has also been developed to assist readers to recognize EHs and to classify their subfamilies using primary protein sequences with greater accuracy.     

γ射线暴:从中子物质到夸克胶子等离子体的相变

指出快速旋转的新生中子星内部存在着从正常强子物质到夸克胶子等离子体的相变过程,而γ射线暴所释放的巨大能量可能正是这种相变过程的结果。在新诞生的中子星通过偶极电磁辐射和四极引力辐射损失能量而减速时,其中心密度增加,并可能达到QCD的相变密度(原子核密度的5～10倍)。这种相变所释放出的能量可以解释γ射线暴的强大能量暴发及其聚束效应。γ射线暴位置附近相当致密的气体环境和在其X射线余辉中金属发射线的观测是对这种观点的支持。我们还给出了一些预言。     

Antiphospholipid syndrome: a survey of clinical characters in ten cases

Objective: To gain further understanding of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Methods: Analysing clinical and laboratory data on ten cases of APS. Results: Thrombocytopenia appeared in all cases. Venous thrombi of limbs appeared in five cases and neurological abnormalities in two cases. Renal impairments were found in three cases. One case manifested left renal venous thrombi and the other two cases thrombotic microangiopathy. Budd-Chiari syndrome was found in one case. One of the ten cases was catastrophic APS (CAPS) presented as acute diffuse swelling, cyanosis, pain, ischemia and necrosis in fingers and limbs, recurrent shock, ascites, hepatic and respiratory dysfunction. Anticoagulants and corticosteroids could be effective foctive for dealing with APS. It was critical to treat catastrophic APS with anticoagulants or plasmapheresis as early as possible. Conclusion: APS shows variable manifestations for good prognosis, but catastrophic APS has fatal risk. The main treatment for APS is the use of anticoagulants and immunosuppressives.     

Antiphospholipid syndrome:a survey of clinical characters in ten cases

INTRODUCTIONAPSisthesumtotalthatcoversaseriesofclinicalmanifestations,causedbyantiphospho lipidantibodies (APL)associatedwithhabitualabortionorintrauterinefetaldeath ,arterialandvenousthrombus,thrombocytopeniaandhemo lyticanemia.APL ,acomplement fixingant…     

Feature selection for face recognition: a memetic algorithmic approach

The eigenface method that uses principal component analysis （PCA） has been the standard and popular method used in face recognition. This paper presents a PCA - memetic algorithm （PCA-MA） approach for feature selection. PCA has been extended by MAs where the former was used for feature extraction/dimensionality reduction and the latter exploited for feature selection. Simulations were performed over ORL and YaleB face databases using Euclidean norm as the classifier. It was found that as far as the recognition rate is concerned, PCA-MA completely outperforms the eigenface method. We compared the performance of PCA extended with genetic algorithm （PCA-GA） with our proposed PCA-MA method. The results also clearly established the supremacy of the PCA-MA method over the PCA-GA method. We further extended linear discriminant analysis （LDA） and kernel principal component analysis （KPCA） approaches with the MA and observed significant improvement in recognition rate with fewer features. This paper also compares the performance of PCA-MA, LDA-MA and KPCA-MA approaches.     

跨国公司技术转移研究评述

跨国公司是影响世界经济发展和技术进步的重要力量。本文通过对1960年代以来国内外学术界有关跨国公司技术转移影响东道国或地区经济增长和技术进步的理论和实证研究成果进行细致的分析和梳理发现:整体上看,跨国公司的直接投资对东道国或地区经济增长和技术进步的影响是不确定的。在很多情况下,跨国公司的技术控制会造成东道国或地区企业长期的技术依赖。更重要的是,学术界一直缺乏基于提高东道国或地区技术创新能力视角的研究,更缺乏精确度量技术转移程度的指标体系,而这正是我们全面、客观、科学评价跨国公司技术转移和技术扩散的出发点。     

Flat-type permanent magnet linear alternator: A suitable device for a free piston linear alternator

We proposed the flat-type permanent magnet linear alternator （LA） for free piston linear alternators （FPLAs） instead of the tubular one. Using the finite element method （FEM）, we compare these two kinds of LAs. The FEM result shows that the flat-type permanent magnet LA has higher efficiency and larger output specific power than the tubular one, therefore more suitable for FPLAs, and that the alternator design can be optimized with respect to the permanent magnet length as well as the air gap.     

3Hs Education: Examining hands-on,heads-on and hearts-on early childhood science education

Active engagement has become the focus of many early childhood science education curricula and standards. However, active engagement usually emphasizes getting children engaged with science solely through hands-on activities. Active engagement by way of hands, heads, and hearts are kept separate and rarely discussed in terms of getting all to work together, although inquiry-based education and student interest have been accepted as important in science education. The current study is an inquiry-based research. It aims to describe and examine projects and activity stations for preschoolers in a Turkish preschool classroom bringing together the pieces of the puzzle of science education, called here ‘Hands–Heads–Hearts-on Science Education'. The study, conducted from a qualitative-interpretivist paradigm, reveals that activity stations and projects create a context for hands-on (active engagement), heads-on (inquiry based or mental-engagement), and hearts-on (interest based) science education. It is found that activity stations and projects, when maintained by appropriate teacher-support, create a playful context in which children can be actively and happily engaged in science-related inquiry.     

MLSI-RT: memorize LOS range measurements identified residual test location algorithm and performance analysis

The dominant error source of mobile terminal location in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation error. Among the algorithms proposed to mitigate the influence of NLOS propagation error, residual test (RT) is an efficient one, however with high computational complexity (CC). An improved algorithm that memorizes the light of sight (LOS) range measurements (RMs) identified memorize LOS range measurements identified residual test (MLSI-RT) is presented in this paper to addre...     

网上形成性考核改革促使开放教育实践水平的提升——以中央广播电视大学“综合英语”系列课程为例

中央广播电视大学是世界上最大的远程教育机构,开设有849门课程,大部分课程都有在线学习的成分,因此,利用网上形成性考核的方式进行开放教育学习支持服务具有重要作用。中央广播电视大学开放教育英语专业专科层次综合英语系列课程先后经过‘综合英语’网络课程建设项目(2006-2008年)与‘综合英语’课程教学团队建设项目网上形成性考核子项目(2009年至今)两次大规模的开放教育资源革新。本研究通过运用开放教育实践矩阵以及问卷调查分析方法判定两个项目实施前后综合英语课程开放教育资源和开放教育实践的开放程度。通过分析该课程的社会参与程度、协作使用和开放的程度以及开放教育实践自主自由度和社会协作程度,本研究得出以下结论:中央广播电视大学综合英语课程开放教育实践经历了一个从初级到中级再到高级的发展过程;从使用者处获得的信息反馈对于丰富和提升网上形成性考核学习资源的质量具有持续性价值;需要持续关注、研究和改进开放教育实践,以满足学习者不断新增的学习需要。希望本研究对其他教学机构和个人在促进开放教育实践的开放度方面有一定借鉴意义。     

Science Letters: Low-cost fault tolerance in evolvable multiprocessor systems: a graceful degradation approach

The evolvable multiprocessor (EvoMP), as a novel multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) machine with evolvable task decomposition and scheduling, claims a major feature of low-cost and efficient fault tolerance. Non-centralized control and adaptive distribution of the program among the available processors are two major capabilities of this platform, which remarkably help to achieve an efficient fault tolerance scheme. This letter presents the operational as well as architectural details of this fault tolerance scheme. In this method, when a processor becomes faulty, it will be eliminated of contribution in program execution in remaining run-time. This method also utilizes dynamic rescheduling capability of the system to achieve the maximum possible efficiency after processor reduction. The results confirm the efficiency and remarkable advantages of the proposed approach over common redundancy based techniques in similar systems.     

KRBKSS： a keyword relationship based keyword-set search system for peer-to-peer networks

Distributed inverted index technology is used in many peer-to-peer (P2P) systems to help find rapidly document in -set search system for peer-to-peer networkswhich a given word appears. Distributed inverted index by keywords may incur significant bandwidth for executing more complicated search queries such as multiple-attribute queries. In order to reduce query overhead, KSS (keyword-set search) by Gnawali partitions the index by a set of keywords. However, a KSS index is considerably larger than a standard inverted index,since there are more word sets than there are individual words. And the insert overhead and storage overhead are obviously unacceptable for full-text search on a collection of documents even if KSS uses the distance window technology. In this paper, we extract the relationship information between query keywords from websites' queries logs to improve performance of KSS system.Experiments results clearly demonstrated that the improved keyword-set search system based on keywords relationship (KRBKSS) is more efficient than KSS index in insert overhead and storage overhead, and a standard inverted index in terms of communication costs for query.     

Case Report: Liquid-based cytology aids in primary fallopian tube cancer diagnosis

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) is a rare malignant carcinoma among all genital tract malignancies. It occurs most commonly in postmenopausal women and is similar to ovarian malignancy historically and clinically. Because of its insidious onset and silent course, the diagnosis is made usually postoperatively. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is a type of method for cervical cancer screening, but sometimes it may aid in making PFTC diagnosis. We report a 47-year-old woman with PFTC, whose diagnosis was made with the aid of LBC.     

Challenges to Institutionalizing Participatory Extension: The Case of Farmer Livestock Schools in Vietnam

Abstract

Purpose: The objective of this article is to analyze the introduction of participatory extension approaches (PEA) in the predominantly supply-driven, hierarchical Vietnamese extension system. Drawing on the case of the so-called Farmer Livestock School (FLS) concept, the authors investigate the potential and challenges of scaling up and out the FLS/PEA principles of participatory training methods, encompassing intensive and interactive training sessions, group-based sharing of experience, practical learning, and learning-by-doing processes.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The article is based on data collected and synthesized from 36 pilot communes from 2000 to 2007 and draws on the extensive insider experience of two of its authors during their work for a DANIDA-funded livestock project.

Findings: At the micro-scale and with external support, FLS has been a successful experiment of using participatory extension approaches in farmer training and extension in the livestock sector. Yet, possibilities of scaling up and institutionalizing FLS remain a challenge given the capacity and resource limitations and the resistance at various levels within the Vietnamese extension system.

Practical Implications: The starting point for successfully institutionalizing participatory extension approaches should be to assess the existing system's root problems and capacities and then gradually and systematically introduce institutional innovations rather than aiming at a complete overhaul of a system that may result in the creation of a parallel universe.

Originality/Value: The FLS project provided a unique opportunity to study the enabling and constraining factors of institutionalizing participatory extension approaches in a traditionally top-down oriented extension system beyond the immediate duration of an externally orchestrated project.     

为“跩”正名、正形——“跩”的流行义及其误用

"跩"这个词,自从有了"显摆、炫耀"乃至"洒脱、快乐、霸气"的词义后,一直被人们误解和误用:一是误解为方言词——其实它的使用已远远超出了方言的范畴;二是其字形常常被人们误写作"拽"。其实,"显摆,炫耀"的新义是由"跩"的本义"(走路)摇摆"引申而来的。"拽"字不具有"显摆、炫耀"的词义。