国产七种和一变种兰属植物的核型研究

对国产7种和1变种兰属植物，即邱北冬蕙兰Cymbidium qiubeiense、春兰C. goeringii、春剑 C．longibracteatum、线叶春兰C．serratum、蕙兰C.faberi、送春C.fabri var．szechuanicum、寒兰C．kanran、莎  叶兰C．cyperifolium 的核型进行了研究。具体结果如下：邱北冬蕙兰为2n=40=24m+12sm+4st；蕙兰为2n=40=30m+8sm+2st；送春为2n=40=26m+l0sm+4st；寒兰为2n=40=26m+12sm+2st；莎叶兰为2n=40=24m+12sm+4st；春兰为2n=40=24m+l0sm+4st+2t;春剑为2n=40=24m+l0sm+6st。线叶春兰为2n=40=28m+l0sm+2st。线叶春兰中偶尔发现染色体数有2n=41，43，60，80。     

国产毛茛科银莲花族十七种植物的细胞学研究

研究了国产毛茛科银莲花族Trib．Anemoneae 17种植物的染色体数目和核型。10种银莲花属   Anemone L．植物中，1种(西南银莲花A．davidii)为x=8的四倍体(2n=4x=32)，5种(匍枝银莲花A．   stolonifera、草玉梅 A．rivularis、卵叶银莲花A ．begoniifolia、水棉花A．hupehensis f. alba、大火草A．tomen-   tosa)为x=8的二倍体(2n=2x=16)，4种(鹅掌草A．flaccida、湿地银莲花A．rupestris、蓝匙叶银莲花   A．trullifolia var．colestina、拟条叶银莲花A．trullifolia var．holophylla、展毛银莲花A．demissa)为x=7的   二倍体(2n=2x=14)。罂粟莲花Anemoclema glaucifolium 为x=8的二倍体。6种铁线莲属Clematis L.植   物(滇川铁线莲C．kockiana、长花铁线莲C．rehderiana、毛茛铁线莲C．ranunculoides、扬子铁线莲C．   puberula var．ganpiniana、短尾铁线莲C．brevicaudata、金毛铁线莲A．chrysocoma)均为x=8的二倍体。银   莲花属中x=7的种类的核型彼此十分相似，均由6对大型具中部着丝点的染色体和1对具端部着丝点   的染色体组成;x=8的二倍体种类的核型与罂粟莲花属和铁线莲属植物的核型十分相似，均由5对大型  具中部着丝点和3对具端部或近端部着丝点的染色体组成。     

江西5种毛莨属植物核型研究

本文报道了江西毛茛属5个种的染色体数目及核型，其中猫爪草Ranuncunlus ternatus   Thunb．(2n=4x=32；2n=2x=16=8m+2sm+6st)，肉根毛茛R．Polii Franch．(2n=2x=16=8m+2sm+6st)和杨子毛茛R. sieboldii Miq.(2n=8x-1=63=15m+18sm+22st+8t)的染色体核型为首次报道。我们认为：(1)R. ternatus Thunb．和R. polii Franch．的核型十分相似，显示出有较近的关系。(2)毛茛属Ranunculus L. 中存在较多的多倍体复合体。(3)根据王文采(1980)系统划分的美丽毛莨组(Sect．Auricomus)植物的核型属2A型；石龙芮组(Sect．Hecatonia)植物的核型属2B型；毛茛组(Sect．Ranunculus)植物核型为3A或3B型。三个组在核型上的关系和形态上的关系相似。     

中国菊科鸦葱属植物分类研究

 About 22 species of the genus Scorzonera L. are so far known to occur in China. Among them, S. pamirica Shih is described as new and 3 species, S. tau-sahyz Lipsch. et Bosse, S. pubescens DC. and S. transiliensis M. Pop., are new records to China.  Four names in the literature are reduced to synonyms,and some wrong identications in Chinese botanical literature are pointed out in this work.  Some species with considerable variation in morphology, such as, S. pseudodivaricata Lipsch. and S. sinensis Lipsch. ex Krasch., are also discussed here.     

一些中国蕨类植物的细胞学观察

本文报道华东地区30种蕨类植物的染色体数目，其中阔片短肠蕨Allantodia mathewi(Cop．) Ching n＝82, 耳羽短肠蕨A．wichurae(Mett．)Ching n=41，拟粉背蕨Aleuritopteris pseudof- arinosa Ching n＝58，刺头复叶耳蕨Arachniodes exilis(Hance)Ching n＝41，斜方复叶耳蕨A． rhomboides(Wall．)  Ching n＝41，毛轴假蹄盖蕨Athyriopsis  peterseni(Kunze)Ching n＝80， 园盖阴石蕨Humata tyermanni Moore n＝40,  峨眉茯蕨  Leptogramma scallanii(Christ)Ching n=36,福建剑蕨  Loxogramme  fujianensis Ching n＝35，黄腺羽蕨Pleocnemia  winitii  Holtt．   n＝41，紫柄蕨Pseudophegopteris Pyrrhorachis(Kunze)Ching n=62是首次报道。     

国产毛茛属11种及其4个近缘属5种植物的细胞学研究

研究了国产毛茛属Ranunculus L.11种及其4个近缘属——美花草属Callianthemum C．A．Meyer、   侧金盏花属Adonis L．、碱毛茛属Halerpestes E．Greene、水毛茛属Batrachium S．F．Gray 5种植物的染色体   数目和形态。发现美花草C.pimpinelloides(D．Don)Hook．f.et Thoms.、川滇毛茛R．potaninii Kom．、深   齿毛茛R．popovii var．stracheyanus(Maxim．)W．T. Wang、高原毛茛R．tanguticus(Maxim．)Ovcz．、石龙   芮R．sceleratus L．、西南毛茛R．ficariifolius Lévl．et Vant．、褐鞘毛茛R．sinovaginatus W．T. Wang、三裂碱毛茛H．tricuspis(Maxim．)Hand．-Mazz．和碱毛茛H．sarmentosa (Adams) Kom．9种植物为染色体基数x   ＝8的四倍体(2n=4x＝32)；短柱侧金盏花A．brevistyla Franch．、丝叶毛茛R．nematolobus Hand.-Mazz．、   棱喙毛茛R．trigonus Hand．-Mazz．、茴茴蒜R．chinensis Bunge 4种植物为染色体基数x＝8的二倍体(2n＝   2x＝16)；毛茛B．japonicus Thunb．、黄毛茛R．laetus Wall．2种植物为染色体基数x=7的二倍体(2n＝2x   ＝14)；水毛茛R．bungei (Steud．) L. Liou  有二倍体(2n＝2x=16)和三倍体(2n＝3x=24)两种细胞型。根  据染色体资料，讨论了上述5属的属间关系和毛茛属中一些种的种间关系。     

沙参属10个种的染色体研究

 本文报道了我国黑龙江产桔梗科沙参属的10种1变种的染色体数目和核型，对其中     7种作了减数分裂行为的观察。  其中6种1变种为首次报道，并发现2n=68的4x种。该     属染色体基数多为17(x＝17)，但Adenophora trachelioides和A．remotiflora的基数为18     (x=18)，为该属独特基数。核型的共同特征是：小型，以中部(m)、近中部(sm)着丝点     染色体为主，至少具一对近端着丝点染色体和一对随体染色体。该属染色体的演化处于二种     水平：  数目变化(包括多倍化和非整倍体变化)和结构变异。  多倍化是该属物种形成的主要     途径之一。结合其它性状讨论了这些种的分类，并确立1个四倍体新种(A. amurica)和1个新组合(A．pereskiifolia ssp．alternifolia)。     

黄精属八种植物的染色体研究

本文研究了四川黄精属Polygonatum 8个种的染色体数目和结构，玉竹n=10，   2n=20=4st十6sm十10m；  多花黄精2n=20＝6sm十14m；  点花黄精n=16,2n＝   32=2t十8st+2sm十20m；滇黄精n=13，2n=26=8st (2SAT)+14sm+4m；互卷黄   精2n=32=6st+8sm+18m (2SAT)；  湖北黄精n=15，  2n=30=2t+6st十6sm+   16m(2SAT)；黄精2n＝24=2t十14st(2SAT)+6sm十2m；卷叶黄精n=28，2n=56=   18st+10sm十28m。     黄精属植物染色体数目和结构的变异类型多样，8种黄精的核型可以区分为3种类型：2   B、3B、2C。核型不对称性的加强与染色体数目的递增有相关性。本文就染色体方面的资料对  前人关于该属分类群的亲缘关系的论述进行了讨论。     

中国东北六种藓类植物的细胞学观察

本文对我国东北产6种藓类的孢子母细胞减数分裂中期I的染色体数进行了报道。结果如下： 羽枝青藓Brachythecium plumosum （Hedw．)B．S．G．，n=15；钝叶绢藓Entodon obtusatus(Mitt) Jaeg．，n=11；东亚绢藓E．okamurae Mitt,n=11；丛本藓Anoctangium aestivum(Hedw．)Mitt．， n＝13；真藓Bryum argenteum Hedw．，n=10；尖叶美喙藓Eurhynchium eustegium(Besch．)Dix.,n=20+2m，其中前三种为首次报道。     

国产12种乌头属和18种翠雀属植物的细胞学研究

研究了12种乌头属Aconitum L．和18种翠雀属Delphinium L．植物的染色体。在12种乌头属植物中，除粗花乌头A．crassiflorum为四倍体(2n=4x=32)外，其他种类都为二倍体(2n=2x＝16)，中甸乌头 A.piepunense中有B染色体存在，牛扁亚属Aconitum subgen．Lycoctonum的二倍体植物与乌头亚属Aconitum subgen．Aconitum 植物的染色体在大小和形态上有明显区别；所有18种翠雀属植物都为二倍体(2n＝2x=16)，其染色体在大小和形态上极为相似，但与乌头亚属的染色体易于区别。翠雀属植物的核型不对称性程度明显高于乌头属植物，因此从染色体证据来看，翠雀属要比乌头属进化。     

芒苞草的细胞学研究

芒苞草的染色体数目为2n=38，染色体很小。染色体数目表明芒苞草与百合科蜘蛛抱蛋属Aspidistra。和开口箭属Tupistra有一定联系，这也得到形态特征的支持。     

十二种国产兰科植物的染色体数目

The present paper reports the chromosome numbers of 12 species in Or- chidaceae from China. The results are as follows: Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb. f. 2n= 32, Calanthe discolor Lindl. 2n=40, Calanthe hamata Hand. -Mazz. 2n=40, Cephalanthera erecta (Thunb.) Bl. 2n=34, Cephalanthera falcata  (Thunb.)  B1. 2n=34,  Changnienia amoena Chien 2n=46, Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino 2n = 42, Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Sw. 2n=38, Gastrodia elata Bl. n=15,  18, Liparis dunnii Rolfe 2n= 20, Platanthera minor (Miq.) Rchb. f. 2n=42, Pleione bulbocoidioides (Franch.) Rolfe 2n=40.     

药食两相宜的菊科植物

菊科植物众多,药食两相宜的药材也不少,本文重点总结了蒲公英等若干适于食疗的药用植物。     

中国罗汉果植物染色体数目观察

A cytological study reveals the chromosome number of 2n=28 for Siraitia grosvenori (Swingle) C. Jeffrey ex Lu et Z. Y. Zhang from Yongfu County,  Guangxi  (fig. 1), which is different from the previous report of 2n=24 (Zou Qi-li et al. 1980).  The vou- cher is deposited in the herbarium of Commission for Integrated Survey of Natural Resources,Academia Sinica.     

中国部分木兰科植物染色体数目

作者观察了我国木兰科7属30种植物的染色体数目，其中23种为首次报道．     

四川及其邻近地区一些植物的细胞学研究(一)

From standpoint of floristic division,  Sichuan is located in the middle part of Eastern Asiatic Region (Takhtajan 1978) or is the area where Sino-Himalayan Forest Subkingdom and Sino-Japan Forest Subkingdom meet (wu 1979).  Here exist many so- called Arcto-Tertiary elements and newly originated species or races.  In order to bring the light the origin and differentiation of Eastern Asiatic elements,  cytological investi- gation on plants of this region are very significant.  The materials of the following 5 species were collected on Mt.  Emei in Sichuan Province.  Voucher specimens are kept in CDBI.       1.  Toricellia angulata  Oliver var. intermedia (Harms) Hu       PMC meiotic examination revealed n = 12 at diakinesis (Pl. I fig. 9)       Toricellia,  consisting of 2 spp.,  is endemic to Eastern Asiatic Region.  Based on our result along with the report of Toricellia tiliifolia (Wall.) DC. (2n=24) by Kuro- sawa (1977),  we argue that the basic chromosome number of Toricellia is 12.  Many authors,  such as Airy-Shaw (1973),  Dahlgren (1975,  1977),  Takhtajan (1969,  1980), Thorne (1983),  have adopted Hu’s (1934) treatment erecting it as a monotypic family Toricelliaceae.  Its systematic position,  whether closer to Cornaceae than to Araliaceae or vice versa,  has been in dispute.  Cytologically it seems closer to Araliaceae,  as shown anatomically (Lodriguez 1971),  because the basic chromosome number of Cornaceae s. 1. is x=11,  9,  8 (Kurosawa 1977),  whereas that of Araliaceae is 12 (Raven 1975).       2.  Cardiocrinum giganteum  (Wall.) Makino       Somatic chromosome number,  2n=24 was determined from root-tip cells (Ph. I. fig. 8).       Cardiocrinum (Endl.) Lindl.,  consisting of 3 spp.,  is endemic to Eastern Asiatic Region.  C. giganteum (Wall.) Makino is distributed from Himalayan region to S. W. China.  The present report is in accord with the number reported by Kurosawa (1966) who got the material from Darjeeling of India.  However the karyotype of the present plant is slightly different from that given by Kurosawa.  In the present material,  the satellites of the 1st. pair of chromosomes and the short arms of llst.  pair of chromoso- mes are visibly longer than those of Kurosawa’s drawing (fig. 1,  2) The plants from Yunnan,  Sichuan and Hubei Provinces,  named as C. giganteum var. yunnanense (Leit- chtlin ex Elwes) Stearn,  differ slightly from those of Himalayan region also in outer morphological characters.  The taxon needs both cytological and taxonomical further studies.       3.  Disporum cantoniense  (Lour.) Merr.       PMC meiotic examination revealed n=8 at diakinesis (Pl. I. fig. 6)       This species is widely distributed from Himalayan region through Indo-China to our Taiwan Province and Indonesia. Three cytotypes (2n=14,  16,  30) were reported for the taxon including its variety,  var. parviflorum (Wall) Hara,  by various authors (Ha- segawa 1932,  Mehra and Pathamia 1960,  Kurosawa 1966,  1971 Mehra and Sachdeva 1976a).  Some authors consider D. pullum Salisb. and D. calcaratum D. Don as synonyms of D. cantoniense. So D. cantoniense may be a species aggregate with different extreme races.  Sen (1973a,  b.) reports that the somatic chromosome numbers of D. pullum and D. calcaratum from Eastern Himalayan region are 14,  16,  28,  30,  32.  He also discovered that chromosome alterations in species of Disporum involve not only the num- ber but the structure as well.  He found that in species of Liliaceae where the reproduc- tion is mainly vegetative,  polysomaty often occurs.  In China we have not only D. can- toniense and D. calcaratum but also D. brachystomon Wang et Tang which is similar to D. cantoniense var. parviflorum (Wall.) Hara.  These taxa need further critical studies.      4.  Paris fargesii Franch.      PMC meiotic examination revealed n=5+2B (Voucher no. 112) or n=5 (Voucher no. 62) at MI and AI (Pl. I. fig. 1. 4. 5.).  This is the first report for the species.  A bridge and a fragment were also observed at AI.      Paris polyphylla Smith is extraordinarily polymorphic species.  Hara (1969) re- gards all chinese extreme forms,  such as P. fargesii Franch.,  P. violacea Lévl.,  P. pube- scens (Hand. -Mzt.) Wang et Tang,  etc. as infraspecific taxa of P. polyphylla.  Need- less to say,  the various races of P. polyphylla Smith in China need further critical stu- dies and are good material for further study to understand the speciation.      5.  Reineckia carnea(Andr.) Kunth       Reineckia is a monotypic genus endemic to Eastern Asiatic Region.  In the present material somatic chromosome number in root-tip cells is determined as 2n=38 (Pl. I. fig. 7).  According to the terminology defined by Levan et al.,  the karyotype formula is 2n=28 m+10 sm.  The length of chromosomes varies from 14.28 μ to 5.5 μ. The idiogram given here (fig. 3) is nearly the same as that presented by Hsu et Li (1984). The same number has been previously reported by several authors,  Noguchi (1936),  Satô (1942), Therman (1956).  The karyotype is relatively symmetrical (2B,  accorling to the classi-fication of stebbins 1971) in accord with the opinion of Therman (1956).     

中国菊科菜蓟族植物研究(Ⅱ)

本文是对国产菜蓟族两个属研究的一个小结。一个是蓟属(Cirsium Mill. Ecmend．Scop.)，将全部国产蓟属49种植物分隶排列在8个组中，其中3个组为新成立的组，1个组为新的组合。记载了9个新种，1个新组合种，4个种为中国分布新记录。将过去学者们发表的组、种 及变种等各级上的65个名称处理为新异名，检查出错误鉴定8处，对变异较大的种给予了说明和讨论。另一个是刺膜菊属(Alfredia Cass.)，记载了一个新种。     

国产十四种苋属植物的染色体数目

报道了国产14种苋属植物的染色体数目。部分种的染色体数目为2n=34，即反枝苋Amaranthus   retroflexus，刺苋A．spinosus，红苋A．cruentus，腋花苋A．roxburghianus，合被苋A．polygonoides，皱果苋A．   viridis，凹头苋A．lividus，苋A．tricolor。其他种的染色体数目为2n=32，即尾穗苋A．caudatus，绿穗苋A．   hybridus，千穗谷A．hypochendriacus，繁穗苋A．paniculatus，北美苋A．blitoides，白苋A．albus。其中腋花   苋的染色体数目为首次报道。该属染色体基数为x=16，17。两种染色体基数在苋属2个组(sect．Ama-   ranthus和sect．Blitopsis)中均存在。由于苋属植物染色体大多为小型染色体，因此对苋属植物目前尚不  能进行详尽的核型分析。