微型小说的写作与赏析

微型小说亦称小小说、镜头小说、袖珍小说。西方文坛称之为“超短篇”,把它视为短篇小说的一支。微型小说的题材,撷取的多半是生活海洋的一涓一滴,经过艺术的点染,也便成了一朵绚丽的浪花。它要求作者抓住某个精彩场面或镜头,采用速写的精确的粗线条勾勒,寥寥几笔,就把人物场景的瞬间动态和情     

《二十年目睹之怪现状》的自传性

吴趼人的代表作《二十年目睹之怪现状》,人们大多把它看作是一部讽刺社会的暴露型小说.其实,它是作者的自叙传小说,不但小说主人公“九死一生”是作者的自我写照,小说的情节结构、人物设置和主题意蕴也都体现了自传性.小说中展开的社会批判和道德谴责,都与作者的身世感怀融合在一起.这样的创作突破了“小说界革命”理论中狭隘的政治功利性,丰富和推进了近代小说启蒙观念的实践进程.     

儒林之谤书科举之詈文——《肉蒲团》别读之一

《肉蒲团》把儒林作为写淫的背景,把科举作为写淫的伴奏,贯彻始终,使全书虽然主要是一部写淫的性小说,却同时有了儒林小说的特征,可称之为"儒林色情小说"。它把性与儒林题材堪称奇特地结合在一起,是一部刺向礼教的儒林之谤文、科举之詈书。     

试析小说《安琪拉的灰烬》的主题

作为一部成长小说,《安琪拉的灰烬》成功地展现了主人公从童年到青少年时期的成长历程。小说以第一人称的方式叙述,幽默诙谐地把读者带入主人公弗兰基的自我世界里,使读者可以真切地感受到它与外部真实世界的冲突。试析了饥饿、天主教会、疾病死亡等贯穿于全篇小说的几个矛盾冲突,并由此得出,该小说称得上是一部典型的爱尔兰天主教儿童成长的辛酸史。     

论废名和沈从文的乡土小说风貌

废名、沈从文的乡土小说创作遵循着现实主义的创作原则,但不同于鲁迅、茅盾等,他们更加讲究主观个性的表现,把表现“美”当作创作的最高追求。废名的小说是一首首真善美的诗,它使小说意境“雅化”,沈从文的小说是一首首湘西民歌,它使小说的意境“通俗化”。一雅一俗,概括了他们小说意境的基本特征。     

绚丽于苍凉之中——《金锁记》艺术价值探微

把《金锁记》置于现代小说的发展背景中考察，它的艺术价值脱颖而出：环境展现中隐潜着人的异化；把性格小说和心理小说打成一片，成就迄今无超越；故事流动中，技巧纷呈。把《金锁记》和张爱玲的其他小说比，它既集合张爱玲小说的特点，又超脱于其他小说；小说内容独一无二；悲剧美于苍凉气韵中；因宽容，小说湿润如玉。     

心路之旅——《毛毛》:一本写给大人和孩子的寓言幻想小说

《毛毛》是德国作家米切尔·恩德一部轰动世界的幻想小说,因为它对抽象时间的一番奇思妙想,孩子们对它爱不释手,许多成人也把它看作一部寓意深邃的长篇哲学小说,对它推崇备至。究竟这样一部得到儿童与成人一致赞赏的文学作品分别在哪些方面契合了儿童与成人的审美需求,以及如何看待这类作品在儿童文学中的定位,这是本文试图要讨论与回答的问题。     

世界华文微型小说创作及理论研究现状管窥

微型小说作为一种新兴的小说品种经过二十余年的摸索与发展,正逐渐走向成熟。它不仅有固定的核心刊物、稳定的作者群,也有自己的学会、研究会,更积累了一大批有分量的佳作。把微型小说视为一种独立的文体,对其进行理论探讨显得很有必要。因为惟有理论的成熟才意味着微型小说文体的真正独立。     

中国古代小说批评的审美把握

中国古代的小说批评蕴含着丰富的美学思想。评点是其独特的审美批评形式,它把阅读、欣赏和评论这三者联系在一起。古代小说批评不仅为小说艺术正了名,而且还探讨了小说艺术的一些深层次的特征。批评家认为,中国古代小说在情感性、通俗性与故事性等方面具有显著的审美特征。他们还认为社会生活是第一性的,小说是第二性的,小说是生活的艺术升华;小说必须塑造具有一定典型意义的人物性格;小说的艺术魅力就在于“触性性通,导情情出。”     

中国古代小说理论体系的三维结构

中国古代没有产生过专门的小说理论著作。人们所见的,大多是一些小说评点、小说序跋等著述形式。它们结合具体作品对小说创作提出了一系列的基本原理和原则,探讨和阐明了一些理论问题。有的侧重于小说本质特征的研究,有的对小说的艺术规律和创作方法进行了探讨,还有的对小说欣赏发表了意见。如果我们不是把各家分开作为各别来研究,而是把各家综合起来考察,就不难发现,中国古代小说理论确实有一个比较完整的体系。从结构上说,它主要包括了小说价值构成,小说创作艺术构成和小说欣赏要素构成。     

Exploring the Relations between In-service Training,Prior Contacts and Teachers’ Attitudes towards Persons with Intellectual Disability

This study investigates the relations between teachers’ attitudes towards persons with intellectual disability (ID), in-service training on ID, and prior contacts with persons with ID. A sample of Canadian elementary school teachers (N?=?118) completed the Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability Questionnaire, which measures cognitive, affective and behavioural components of attitudes towards persons with ID. Correlational and multivariate regression analyses were performed. Frequent contacts with persons with ID and experience of including a child with ID increased the likelihood of reporting prior positive contacts with persons with ID. In turn, this was associated with less discomfort towards persons with ID and more willingness towards interactions. In-service training on ID was related to better knowledge of rights and capabilities of persons with ID. Experience of including a child with ID in general education classrooms increased the likelihood to report feeling competent in teaching children with ID, which predicted more willingness to include children with ID.     

A multidimensional study of special education students' attitudes towards people with disabilities: a focus on deafness

This study explores the attitudes of future professionals working with students with disabilities towards four exceptionality groups: persons with deafness, with paralysis, with mental retardation (MR) and with delinquent behaviour, and specifically examines how deafness is perceived in comparison with the three other groups. Undergraduate students' (N=177) attitudes towards the four groups were tapped using a semantic differential scale referring to the cognitive, emotional and behavioural components of attitudes. Participants' degree of contact with people with disabilities was also reported. Results indicated that attitudes towards people with deafness were more positive than those towards the other three groups. Attitudes towards persons with paralysis were more positive than towards persons with MR and with delinquent behaviour, except when personality was considered. Emotional reactions and behavioural tendencies towards persons with delinquent behaviour were the most negative. Contact with people with disabilities had significant but low correlations with some aspects of the attitudes towards people with MR and paralysis. In general, the results of this study suggested that deafness was perceived as a physical disability and not as a social phenomenon. They also demonstrated that attitudes towards people with disabilities are a function of the particular disability condition and are multidimensional.     

Late phonological development in Spanish children with bilateral hearing loss / Desarrollo fonológico tardío en niños españoles con pérdidas auditivas bilaterales

Abstract

This study has a twofold objective: to analyse and compare the phonological processes in a sample of Spanish children with hearing loss, both with a cochlear implant and with a hearing aid, with a group with normal hearing; and to determine whether there are differences between the participants with a cochlear implant and with a hearing aid in the frequency and nature of the phonological processes. The sample is made up of 168 participants, eight with hearing loss (four with an implant and four with a hearing aid) and 160 with normal hearing. Samples of spontaneous speech were collected and transcribed using the tools from the CHILDES project. For the analysis, the phonological processes paradigm was adopted, evaluating phonological development based on normative error rates. The participants with a hearing loss show slower phonological development in terms of phonological processes, along with atypical processes. Furthermore, the participants with cochlear implants committed more phonological errors than those that wear a hearing aid. The implications of the results are discussed, and it is recommended that auditory stimulation should be done early in children with hearing loss regardless of their technical aid.     

兵无成势与经营之道

商场与战争有其相通的共同特点,以《孙子兵法》的智慧,精神指导商业实践,有如下要点:一、知彼知己,以“知”制胜;二、推陈出新,以“新”制胜;三、谋在人先,以“谋”制胜;四、合纵连横,以“交”制胜;五、奇正相生,以“奇”制胜;六、兵贵神速,以“快”制胜;七、以战养战,以“借”制胜;八、灵活多变,以“变”制胜;九、智勇双全,以“勇”制胜。     

Interpersonal communication motives: A communibiological perspective

This study examined the relationships between interpersonal communication motives and temperament traits. Results indicated that extroversion was positively correlated with pleasure, affection, inclusion, escape, and relaxation and was not correlated with control. Extroversion accounted for the most unique variance in the pleasure and relaxation motives. Neuroticism was positively correlated with inclusion, escape, and control, negatively correlated with pleasure, and not correlated with affection and relaxation. Neuroticism accounted for the most unique variance in the escape motive. Psychoticism was positively correlated with control, negatively correlated with pleasure, affection, inclusion, and relaxation, and uncorrelated with escape. Psychoticism accounted for the most unique variance in the interpersonal motives of affection and inclusion.     

深入把握中国特色社会主义的科学内涵

党的十八大报告深刻而全面地阐释了中国特色社会主义的科学内涵,标志着我们党对中国特色社会主义的认识更加深刻、更加准确。中国特色社会主义道路、理论体系、制度统一于中国特色社会主义伟大实践中,也就形成了中国特色社会主义旗帜。深刻理解和准确把握旗帜、道路、理论体系、制度之间的关系,高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,坚定中国特色社会主义的道路自信、理论自信、制度自信,是提升中国特色社会主义的境界,夺取中国特色社会主义新胜利、推进中国特色社会主义事业向前发展的重要保障。     

压制、隐匿与凸显:道德教育中的身体转向

身体是铭写着历史的样本,同样也是一条考察道德教育的线索。身体在历史中不断地发生着转向,由蔑视身体的压制状态、忽视身体的隐匿状态转向尊重身体的凸现状态。与之相对应,道德以及道德教育经历了从救赎式的道德教育、理性化的道德教育到生命化的道德教育的嬗变。     

配合物的氧化还原稳定性研究

金属离子在水溶液中形成配合物的氧化还原稳定性与配合物的组成、结构等有关；配合物的稳定常数可以衡量配合物氧化还原稳定性的大小；金属离子配合物的稳定性在理论和实践中都具有重要意义。     

自我效能、兴趣水平与学习策略等八因素的相关性——以英语高职生为研究样本

本研究主要运用相关分析法及个人访谈法对来源于高职院校三大类学生的归因倾向、学校环境、兴趣水平、焦虑水平、学习策略水平、动机水平、动机行为、自我效能感水平分别与他们的自我效能感水平、兴趣水平作了相关分析。结果发现:三类不同学生归因倾向、学校环境、兴趣水平、焦虑水平、学习策略水平、动机水平、动机行为、自我效能感之间两两相关。对厌学者而言,自我效能与学习策略、动机行为达到非常显著的相关,与兴趣水平达到显著的相关,与学校环境存在不显著的负相关。兴趣水平与焦虑水平、自我效能达到非常显著的相关,与学校环境达到显著相关,与归因存在负相关。对次厌学者而言,自我效能与学习策略达到非常显著的相关,与动机行为达到显著相关,与学校环境、归因倾向呈现低等程度的负相关。乐学类学生的自我效能与动机行为产生了显著的正相关,与学校环境、归因方式产生低度负相关;他们的兴趣水平与动机水平、焦虑水平、自我效能、动机行为产生了中低度相关,与归因、学校环境、学习策略产生了中低程度的负相关。     

山西省高校教师工作满意度的调查研究

通过对山西省七所高校281名教师进行的工作满意度的调查研究表明:女性教师要比男性教师的工作满意度要高,但在工作满意度的各个维度上并无显著差异;不同婚姻状况在上级满意度、工作环境满意度、晋升的满意度上存在差异显著。未婚教师整体上要比已婚教师的工作满意程度高。不同年龄段的高校教师在工作满意度的各个维度上差异均显著,尤以30-39岁、40-49岁年龄段的高校教师工作满意度的得分低;不同学历的高校教师在对上级、对工资的满意度上差异显著;不同职称的高校教师在工作满意度的各个维度上差异均为显著,讲师与副教授工作满意度的得分较低;不同工作时间的高校教师在工作本身满意度、上级满意度以及工作环境满意度的维度上存在显著差异,工作时间为11-20年的高校教师各项工作满意度的指标得分均较低。