国际数字档案馆网络标识符机制研究

本文分析数字档案馆网络标识符机制的概念、功能和目前国际数字档案馆主要应用的网络标识符机制,提出我国数字档案馆应使用档案资源标识符(Archival Resource Key)机制对档案资源进行标识和持久利用,提升我国数字档案馆资源建设水平和质量。     

高校图书馆持久标识符应用研究

为了实现高校图书馆数字资源的持久标识,促进系统间互操作性的增强,本文对持久标识符进行了广泛深入调研,对当前应用最为广泛的4种持久标识符的原理和国内外应用情况进行了梳理,从费用、使用量、互操作、标识符与元数据四个方面对其做了全面地比较分析。结合北京大学图书馆的实际情况,介绍了持久标识符在开放研究数据平台、机构知识库、系统间互操作上的应用。     

数字对象的唯一标识符技术

在数字信息环境中, 唯一标识符承担着唯一地和永久地确认数字对象、并将它们与其它数字对象或服务系统连接起来的功能。本文简要介绍唯一标识符的功能、要求和基本框架, 以及主要的唯一标识符系统。     

中文期刊文献数字对象唯一标识符的研究

本文在分析比较国外数字对象唯一标识符前沿研究的基础上,结合中文期刊文献数字对象的实际情况,建立了中文期刊文献数字对象唯一标识符(CSICI)的结构框架,包括期刊标识段、文献内容标识段和控制段三部分.同时,针对中文期刊文献的特点,就题目特征项的抽取方法和汉字的标识方案,设计了10种比较试验方案,并建立了包含26万余条中文期刊文献题录的试验性数据库.通过对比分析各种方法,表明提取题目前10个汉字的拼音首字母方法最优,选定为CSICI的实际编码生成方案.     

数字资源唯一标识符发展述略

文章从数字对象标识符的概念入手,对国内外数字资源唯一标识符的发展概况进行了阐述,对国内研制发布的相关标准规范进行了梳理,并对我国唯一标识符领域的重要项目进行了扼要介绍和展望。     

科研实体唯一标识系统研究

[目的/意义] 从科研实体间的关联关系出发,构建科研实体唯一标识符的关联元数据框架,分析科研实体唯一标识系统的运行及应用机制,为我国开展科研实体唯一标识项目提供建议。[方法/过程] 利用文献调研现有科研实体唯一标识符项目概况及其发展历程,通过网站调研分析各类科研实体唯一标识符的元数据结构以及唯一标识符系统的运行机制;通过对各大数据库系统的使用实践验证该系统科研实体的关联方式与效果。[结果/结论] 构建以实体唯一标识符为节点的关联元数据框架,形成以“ID”为中心的科研实体网络格局。指出科研实体唯一标识符系统应完善页面功能和后台功能、强化数据质量控制、加强应用机制建设;我国相关个人与机构应提高自觉标识的意识,加强科研实体唯一标识系统间的关联,强化科研实体唯一标识符的应用与共享,实现科研实体的一体化标识标注。     

数字资源的持久标识符互操作参考模型构想

认为国外持久标识符的研究存在研究对象过于具体、应用范围有限等不足,很大程度上是由于没有在一个整体框架指导下来开展研究所致,鉴于此,提出一个持久标识符互操作参考模型,模型主要组成部分是持久标识符域,包括登记机构、内容提供商以及解析器等,对三类数字资源实体（数字对象、作者、机构）和持久标识符之间的关系进行标准化,便于管理、表示和呈现数字资源,并可为实现正确的互操作解决方案和交换奠定基础。最后,指出本模型在安全性、可伸缩性等方面有待进一步完善和改良。     

数字资源唯一标识符体系系统分析

唯一标识符体系是实现数字资源统一编号、规范管理、精确定位和透明利用的信息基础设施。文章重点对唯一标识符体系进行系统分析,阐述唯一标识符系统架构、建设模型、服务模型,并对唯一标识符系统的应用模式进行分析。     

DOI:数字资源的"条形码"

DOI(数字对象标识符)为网络信息提供了具有唯一性的标识和永久性的有效链接，本文分析了其编码方式、技术特点、应用现状和发展前景，并指出图书馆界应积极参与数字信息共享规则的制订。     

专业术语简释（英汉对照）

数字对象标识符(DOI)是一种用于在数字环境下鉴别和交换知识产权的系统。DOI系统提供一种框架，用以管理知识内容、将用户和内容提供商连接起来、方便电子商务，实现各种媒体形式的自动化的版权管理。该系统由国际数字对象标识符基金会管理和指导。美国、澳大利亚和欧洲的数字对象标识符的注册代理机构已经分配了数以百万记的标识符。     

文献信息传播理论初探

The so-called doaumentary information denotes the process of realizing information livening and sharing by means of information exchange,distribution,transfer and circulation for a certain receiver.It is made up by disseminators,the dissemination channels,receiver audience and disseminative results.It is a process of developing and infinite circulation,having the features of characters of purpose and benefit,dynamic state and continution,fratuitousness and remuneration,education and learning,science and systematicness as well as ideology and awareness.There are natural and social functions of the documentary information dissemination.Its basic laws are laws of synchronization,selective compatibility,overlap and the finite law of meeting the needs of demands as well as the law of complementation,while the basic principles are service supremacy,open policy,forward limit,exrensiveness,rapidness,accuracy and exactitude as well as benefits.Ways of dissemination are of passive,active,participation,computer and network pattern and modes.ref.2     

Independent research of China in Science Citation Index Expanded during 1980–2011

The study explores the characteristics of China's independent research articles published from 1980 to 2011, based on the database of Science Citation Index Expanded. The publication outputs of seven major industrialized countries including Canada, France, Japan, Germany, Italy, the UK, and the USA were compared with China. Annual production, field performance, research emphases and trends, top articles, as well as main institutional and individual contributors by its top cited articles were analyzed. Some newly developed indicators related to words in title, author keywords, KeyWords Plus, first author, corresponding author, and Y-index were employed to provide in-depth information on topic and author contributions. Results showed that China has been closing the gap with the USA with the greatest growth, and has stood the second since 2006. Most top cited articles were published in 2000s, made up approximately seven tenths of total articles. Pronounced activities were found in chemistry and physics related categories. The core categories included multidisciplinary chemistry, physical chemistry, multidisciplinary materials science, and applied physics. Moreover, China's performance of nanotechnology and science, especially carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanostructures showed dramatic growth. Six top articles with at least 1000 citations were examined, and were observed to concern medicine, nanotube, and adsorption. In addition, main contributing institutions and authors were also revealed and evaluated. Chinese Academy of Sciences played a dominant role, and Tsinghua University, Peking University and five universities in Hong Kong showed good scientific performance.     

IoT and AI for Smart Government: A Research Agenda

The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of objects/things that contain electronics, software, sensors, and actuators, which allows these things to connect, interact, and exchange data. The users, sensors, and networks generate huge amounts of data from which governments can develop applications and gain knowledge using Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. Thus, IoT and AI can enable the development of valuable services for citizens, businesses, and public agencies, in multiple domains, such as transportation, energy, healthcare, education, and public safety. This guest editorial for the special issue on IoT and AI for Smart Government, identifies the challenges involved in implementing and adopting these technologies in the public sector, and proposes a comprehensive research framework, which includes both IoT and AI elements for smart government transformation. Subsequently, the editorial provides a brief introduction of the six papers in this special issue. Finally, an agenda for future research on IoT and AI for smart government is presented, based on the proposed framework and gaps in existing literature, supported by the papers that were submitted to this special issue. The agenda comprises four directions i.e., conducting domain-specific studies, going beyond adoption studies to examine implementation and evaluation of these technologies, focusing on specific challenges and thus quick wins, and expanding the existing set of research methods and theoretical foundations used.     

Confession,confusion, and rule in a box? Archival accumulation in northwestern Germany in the age of confessionalization

This essay compares archival accumulation in clerical and secular principalities in seventeenth-century northwestern Germany. As this is known to be the age of confessionalization, the focus is on confessional convergences and divergences in the development of confession, rule, states, and archives. The sources show the emergence of administration, the accumulation of legitimation and evidence via archives, and confessional competition, as well as coincidences of centralization and separation. Catholic and clerical archives were oriented toward persisting written records and historical traditions, while in Protestant and secular contexts, we find novel developments: a new age, new confessions, the need for a new history together with the creation of a new (historical) identity, and thus, new archives. Later success stories that characterized the Protestant secular state as orderly, administration- and rule-related, and possessing well-indexed archives, however, neglect most Catholic and nongovernmental archives and their qualities.     

History of Philosophy

Sharples, R. W., Stoics, Epicureans and Sceptics
Brett, A. , Liberty, Rights and Nature
Della Rocca, M., Representation and the Mind-Body Problem in Spinoza
Stewart, M. A., and Wright, J. P., Hume and Hume's Connexions
Kerszberg, P., Critique and Totality     

The Place of Literature in an Increasingly Virtual World

The reading of literature fulfils a vital role in any educated and civilised nation. The book is being transformed, as digitisation becomes an increasing reality, however, literature will continue to retain a key place as a critical social and cultural artefact. Story, in whatever form, will continue to provide experiences of joy, amusement, fear, hope, betrayal, curiosity, love, forgiveness and sadness. Literature can do so much more than simply moving and entertaining us. It can impart knowledge, stimulate the imagination and can teach us about language, our world and our relationship to it. It can help us to relate to and understand one another, and can act both as a mortar to build rich personal and textual histories, and a bridge between our lives and the lives of others. As well, literature can enrich our lives, helping us to encounter ‘other worlds’, languages and experiences that are not within our lived experience. Finally, literature can transform us as language users, learners and people and present us with a different view of the world and our place in it. But as digitisation and new forms of communication change, will how we read and how we access and share books with one another also change? Finally, how might we sustain libraries and other spaces that readers frequent as ‘real’ communities where lovers of books dwell?     

基于科技政策和前沿动态的第四次工业革命关键技术和举措分析

为充分把握第四次工业革命的历史机遇,世界各国必然会瞄准战略科技领域,以一批关键技术为抓手,推出一系列的政策、战略、规划、计划和具体举措,推动科技进步和变革,在第四次工业革命中占据先发优势。本文以世界主要国家近年来发布的科技政策战略、前沿研发等重要动态新闻文本为分析对象,采用NLP (natural language processing)、文本挖掘、科学计量学等方法,揭示第四次工业革命中各国关注的重点领域技术和举措。研究结果发现,世界主要国家重点关注生物与农业、材料、航空航天与空间、数字与通信、能源、海洋、传统制造业等科技领域,积极布局量子计算、人工智能、再生能源、纳米技术、基因技术等关键技术,并采取投资计划、合作研究、政策研究和研究项目等发展举措推动上述科技领域和关键技术的发展。本文从动态新闻文本挖掘出发,梳理了第四次工业革命中世界主要国家布局的关键领域技术和重点举措。从理论意义上看,拓展了NLP、文本挖掘和科学计量学在科技政策研究中的应用场景;从实践意义上看,为我国布局第四次工业革命战略科技领域和关键技术、实施相应发展举措提供情报参考。     

馆藏期刊信息资源的配置

目前我国图书馆馆藏期刊资源建设中不同程度地存在着或偏重纸型期刊,或偏重电子期刊,或过分强调现实馆藏或过分依赖虚拟馆藏的倾向。要改变这一局面,应妥善处理好期刊资源配置中以下关系:纸型期刊与电子期刊的关系;中文期刊与外文期刊的关系;专业期刊与非专业期刊的关系;图书与期刊的关系;杂志与报纸的关系;正式刊物与内部刊物的关系;特色馆藏与一般馆藏的关系;现实需要与未来发展的关系;现实馆藏与虚拟馆藏的关系。     

基于GEM2.0的教育元数据应用纲要

本文论述了一个适用于高等教育环境的基于GEM2.0的教育元数据应用纲要。文章介绍了它的元数据表、受控词表／编码标准、标引指南和标引界面。元数据表由19个元素和多个扩展字段组成,在GEM2.0的基础上,它补充了课程名称、专业、研究小组、信息类型四个元素和课程教学资料类型、文献类型、工具书类型三个字段,这些元素与字段覆盖了高等教育环境下的教育资源,并可以与主题元素结合帮助用户快速而准确地获取信息。自建的课程教学资料类型、文献类型、工具书类型和信息类型四个受控词表有一定的参考价值。标引指南对元素、字段含义、标引原则和著录方式作了详尽说明。标引界面和工作流程的设计则兼合考虑了普通用户的需求和标引质量的保证。