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1.
我国中小学科学教育的价值取向   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
中小学科学教育的价值是指中小学科学教育对于社会发展、科学技术发展和人的发展的作用与意义,中小学科学教育的价值取向是指中小学科学教育价值活动的方向。当前,我国中小学科学教育的价值取向,应在教育目的上坚持以人的发展为本,在教育目标上追求提高学生的科学素养,在课程设计上彰显人本化、个性化,在课程文化上将科学教育与人文教育相结合,在课程内容上实现现代化、综合化、生活化,在课程实施上以科学探究为核心,在课程评价上体现多元化。  相似文献   

2.
    
An important objective in science education is for students to understand the nature of science. Therefore, it is important that science textbooks, which are key resources in elementary science curricula, convey an accurate conception of the nature of science. This study examined first- to fifth-grade elementary science textbooks with regard to their presentations of the nature of science.  相似文献   

3.
目前国内关于小学英语教科书研究的价值取向,表现出四种主要趋势:理论探索取向、案例分析取向、比较分析取向和动态研究取向。学者们对小学英语教科书的不同研究取向,有助于人们从多个层面展现研究行为的深度、高度和不足,从而推动研究的系统化和科学化,为小学英语教科书的研究和建设提供充分的理论依据,进一步提高小学英语教材的建设质量。  相似文献   

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教科书是通过文字和非文字符号来呈现教学内容的,非文字符号具有直观形象、寓意丰富、整体传达、一目了然、审美感人、强化认知、记忆深刻、模塑心灵的传播优势。集合性结构符号是教科书中一种非常重要的非文字符号,它既是一种心理模塑结构,同时也是一种情境结构和视觉组织结构。在教科书中应该充分利用非文字符号营造良好的知识和文化信息交流界面,巧妙地呈现、传达内容,在提高认知效率和效果的同时,更好地陶铸、模塑学生的学科认知结构和文化心理结构。  相似文献   

6.
石中英  梁卿 《教育学报》2005,1(1):51-57
从当代科学哲学和科学社会学的视角出发,本分析了20世纪不同版本历史、语和物理教材中的科学化,认为其存在以下有待完善的地方:在科学观方面,应该进一步强调科学问题、科学假设作为科学活动重要的组成部分,深刻阐明科学是一种社会建制的思想;在科学价值观方面,应该充分阐明科学的负面价值与内在价值;在科学发展观方面,应当修正“科学成就史观”和“个人英雄史观”,确立“问题史观”,突出科学问题、科学论争与科学家共同体在推动科学发展中的重要作用;在科学家的形象表征方面,应该注意表现科学家从事科学工作更为重要的一些专业性品质。  相似文献   

7.
随着基础教育课程改革的逐步深入,教材多样化的趋势越来越明显,中小学教材的品种也越来越多,促进了中小学教材质量的提高,但也出现了重复编写同一水平、同一层次教材的现象。对国内各学科有代表性的教材从学生的学习和发展、对教师教学组织的影响、教师或学生对教材的评价三个维度进行动态比较研究发现,各版本新课标教材都能不同程度地体现新课标要求,追求以学生为本,重视探究活动,强调过程与方法等;各版本新课标教材各有优劣,都有修订和改进的空间,主要问题集中在内容容量不当,难度过大,对学生个体差异性、学校差异性以及地区差异性考虑得不够,各个学段之间缺乏有效衔接等方面,教材编制者应当互相借鉴。  相似文献   

8.
The study of magnets is a common physical science topic for elementary students. This study examined elementary science methods textbooks to determine how magnet concepts were presented. Each methods textbook's section relating to magnets was read. Particular attention was paid to the organization, sequence of concepts, potential misconceptions, and types of investigations included. A previously validated magnet concept list was used. A detailed analysis of 11 elementary science methods textbooks found great variation in the magnet concepts presented, general omission of ceramic magnets, frequent misconceptions about poles, and limited investigations that address both attraction and repulsion.  相似文献   

9.
生态文明教育包括生态文明知识、生态文明意识、生态文明行为、生态文明理念等多个方面。小学科学课程中的很多内容属于生态文明知识,有着对生态文明行为的要求,渗透着生态文明意识的培养,在技术与工程领域需要运用生态文明理念进行思考。在小学科学教材编写中,应从小学科学课程标准中梳理属于生态文明教育的学习目标,在教材框架中进行综合考虑,通过实践活动、拓展与应用、内容渗透等形式加以落实。  相似文献   

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教材建设是高校专业建设、课程建设的重要组成部分,是学校开展教学活动的主要成果体现。本文针对我国地学类专业教材的编写与出版方面存在的问题展开讨论,并就教材内容的科学性、针对性、适用性等提出了具体的建议。  相似文献   

11.
教育研究是教育科学发展的基本动力。我国的教育研究目前在研究的取向方面存在诸多问题,如缺乏理性和科学性作基础,书斋式的治学方法和回避实践的治学态度等。教育研究应该坚持的正确取向,一是立足教育实践,促进理论与实践的结合;二是从我国的实际出发,主动加强教育研究的国际交流与合作;三是突出教育研究的自身特点,避免教育成为“他人研究的领地”;四是加强元教育理论研究,使教育研究具有清醒的自我意识。  相似文献   

12.
在我国现行小语教材中,文选型教材一统天下,所选文章往往独立成篇,又以人文思想或文本内容为单元主题,因而存在着语言训练目标不明,篇与篇之间联系不紧的硬伤,选文的朦胧性造成了人们对其作用和功能认识的宽泛模糊,一定程度上影响了教学的实效和学生语言能力的发展。语用型教材试图以语言能力发展为主线,以语言能力点为单元主题,以能级递进为序列,注意选文和练习拟制,将小学阶段的语文学习总目标具体落实到各个年级、各个单元中去,促进学生语文素养的形成与发展,从而突破文选型教材的瓶颈。  相似文献   

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2001年《全日制义务教育数学课程标准(实验稿)》颁布,宣告义务教育数学课程改革正式启动,课程改革至今已走过10年历程,虽步履维艰,但成果颇丰。对2001至2010年间的小学数学教科书研究的文献进行分类综述,研究发现:关于小学数学教科书的研究主要集中在比较、内容、结构、呈现方式、使用、历史、文化及与其相关的研究等方面。  相似文献   

15.
在当前多样化的教材版本中,台湾小学《国语实验教材》表现出一些鲜明的特色。如选文类型具有多样性;单元主题体现儿童性;知识呈现具有情境性;能力训练具有操作性。这些特色对大陆小学语文教材的编制有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

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Forming a science-oriented identity is considered a process underlying both interest and achievement in science education. A questionnaire is developed for describing “identities as learners” and evaluating their science orientedness. The instrument (k = 65) focuses on cognitive aspects. An internal coherence of .88 was found. Five subscales were defined that proved interrelated yet distinguishable. A pilot amongst 40 students from Dutch general secondary education showed that preferring science over non-science subjects and relatively high grades for sciences subjects were strongly correlated to science orientedness of the learner identity (rs  = .65; p < .001). The results support the reliability and validity of the questionnaire but also point to the importance of identity as a central concept in studying science education. It is concluded that we made a promising step in constructing an instrument for monitoring the development of cognitive aspects of science-oriented identities during (innovative) science education.  相似文献   

17.
基于和谐:国际初等教育政策的价值取向及对中国的启示   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
国际初等教育政策的价值取向,是以促进初等教育自身结构及与整个教育体系和谐发展,促进人与社会以及儿童自身和谐发展为核心和旨归的。具体表现为:教育发展与投入政策的优先取向,教育机会与资源配置政策的均衡取向,教育管理与体制政策的民主取向,教育目标与质量政策的人本取向。这对我国现阶段初等教育政策的制定和完善,以及和谐教育理论与实践的探索,具有重要的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

18.
    
One reason for the widespread use of the energy concept across the sciences is that energy analysis can be used to interpret the behavior of systems even if one does not know the particular mechanisms that underlie the observed behavior. By providing an approach to interpreting unfamiliar phenomena, energy provides a lens on phenomena that can set the stage for deeper learning about how and why phenomena occur. However, not all energy ideas are equally productive in setting the stage for new learning. In particular, researchers have debated the value of teaching students to interpret phenomena in terms of energy forms and transformations. In this study, we investigated how two different approaches to middle school energy instruction—one emphasizing energy transformations between forms and one emphasizing energy transfers between systems—prepared students to use their existing energy knowledge to engage in new learning about a novel energy-related phenomenon. To do this, we designed a new assessment instrument to elicit student initial ideas about the phenomenon and to compare how effectively students from each approach learned from authentic learning resources. Our results indicate that students who learned to interpret phenomenon in terms of energy transfers between systems learned more effectively from available learning resources than did students who learned to interpret phenomena in terms of energy forms and transformations. This study informs the design of introductory energy instruction and approaches for assessing how students existing knowledge guides new learning about phenomena.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT:  The paper explores the current rationale for primary science in England with a focus on how competing perspectives arising from perceptions of educational ideology and policy discourse have helped to shape current practice. The aim will be to provide a conceptual understanding of this by focusing specifically on how policy has influenced practice. In particular it will consider the way in which discourse and policy text have contributed to the emergent rationale for primary science which in many ways reflects conflicting influences, views and policies. Data were collected over a year from a regional survey and from four case-study primary schools. The findings suggest that teachers in primary schools face tensions between promoting both an educational and a political rationale for learning primary science. The paper will conclude by suggesting that the justification for primary science should be based on what we already know about how children learn science as well as helping them to develop an understanding of science and how it influences and is intrinsically linked to the needs of society.  相似文献   

20.
The decline in secondary school pupils’ attitudes towards science is well documented. However, recent research has shown that pupils’ attitudes to science appear to become fixed during their primary school years. This study investigated end of Key Stage 1 (Yr 2 (ages six to seven years)) and end of Key Stage 2 (Yr 6 (ages 10–11 years)) pupils’ attitudes to science, using Klopfer’s themes (1971 Klopfer, L.E. 1971. “Evaluation of learning in science”. In Handbook on summative and formative evaluation of student learning, Edited by: Bloom, B.S., Hastings, J.T. and Madaus, G.F. 559641. New York: McGraw‐Hill.  [Google Scholar]), through a paired activity and interview for Yr 2 pupils and a pre‐ and post‐Test of Science‐Related Attitudes questionnaire (adapted) for Yr 6 pupils. The questionnaire was analysed using the mean and chi square values and Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to test reliability. The results revealed that while Yr 2 pupils exhibit a thirst for knowledge and enthusiasm for science, Yr 6 pupils’ attitudes over the period of one academic year did not change: their attitude towards science was fixed. This insight raises some implications and responsibilities for primary school teachers.  相似文献   

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