儿童的时间观念与儿童教育时间的"取法自然"

"钟表时间"并不是衡量幼儿时间观念的惟一合理尺度.幼儿具有自然赋予的先在的时间观念,这种自然的时间具有内在性、无意识性,是幼儿转变生长的条件,是幼儿创造性潜能发挥的前提.因此,现代幼儿教育时间应"取法自然",以达成个体内在时间与客观时间的和谐与平衡.     

Environmental Education and Primary Children's Attitudes towards Nature and the Environment

Some shortcomings of the current UK National Curriculum policy of delivering environmental education through traditional subjects are outlined and provide the context for reporting the results of a pilot study into Year 5/6 school children's attitudes towards nature and the environment. Its findings indicate that while the attitudes of children of this age towards nature and the environment are generally very positive, they can involve a number of limitations, dichotomies and ambivalences which it will be important for their education to help them to address. Issues for educational policy and pedagogy, particularly the need for an enhanced role for pupil discussion and participation in environmental action, are raised.     

The NatureMapping Program: Resource Agency Environmental Education Reform

Abstract

Environmental education for youth and adults is being redefined at resource agencies. The driving forces are education reform and citizen demands to be involved in environmental management decisions. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife examined its traditional environmental education programs and identified the need to create opportunities for citizen involvement as a means to educate while directly impacting its mission. Through a partnership with the Washington Cooperative Research Unit Gap Analysis Project, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife created the NatureMapping Program. The NatureMapping Program enables volunteers, including schools, to collect environmental data that are valuable to governments and communities for problem solving and decision making. A recent study of schools actively NatureMapping describes increased school-community links, motivated students, and a systemic change in curriculum through interdisciplinary inquiry. Resource experts have benefited from new species information and increased community involvement.     

蒙台梭利环境教育思想与儿童发展关系的理论建构

“环境”是蒙台梭利教育思想中的一个重要概念,环境教育在其教育理论中占有重要的位置.蒙台梭利强调儿童是环境的主体,环境是儿童能够自主活动的场所,是儿童生活的实验室.“自由”和“创造性”是紧密联系在一起的,儿童创造性培养必须与尊重儿童的主体性相一致.环境教育的目的在于形成儿童的创造性、促进儿童的健康发展.     

Education in the Anthropocene: Ethico-moral dimensions and critical realist openings

Human-induced changes in planetary bio-geo-chemical processes have tipped earth into a newly-proposed geological epoch: the Anthropocene, which places moral and ethical demands on people regarding who should take responsibility for the well-being of people and planet, how, and why. Drawing generally on critical realist ontology, and more particularly on Roy Bhaskar’s concept of the person as a ‘four-planar social being’ living in the world as a laminated ontological whole, the article examines the dimensions of people’s ethico-moral engagement with the Anthropocene and considers what types of learning processes might enable people to understand, live in, and co-create this period known as ‘the Anthropocene’ in just, care-filled and—where necessary—transformative ways. The article points to the need for a radical re-orientation of education systems in the light of ethico-moral challenges that come to prominence in the Anthropocene, and argues for learning processes that nurture individual and collective moral agency through transformative, even transgressive, learning processes that are relational, humble, interdisciplinary, multi-perspectival, systemic, reality-congruent and contextually responsive.     

义务教育阶段残疾儿童受教育权保障的思考

受教育权是我国公民的一项基本权利,残疾儿童作为我国公民的一部分,其受教育权利的实现是国家文明进步的标志,他们受教育的权利与正常儿童一样也应得到保护,但是由于社会、家庭、学校、儿童自身等方面的原因,残疾儿童的受教育权没有得到很好的实现,因此,我们必须强化残疾儿童受教育权的保障措施。     

The Effects of Children's Age and Sex on Acquiring Pro-Environmental Attitudes Through Environmental Education

Environmental education programs aiming to enhance children's environmental attitudes in a pro-environmental direction require background information, such as age and sex differences, to ensure appropriate design. We used the 2-MEV model with its domains preservation and utilization of nature to assess a four-day program at an educational field center with students 9–10 and 11–13 years of age. A pre- and post-retention test design revealed younger students to be more responsive concerning positive attitude shifts than older students, whereas the sexes were equally influenced. Program developers should consider that education has a stronger effect on young children's environmental attitudes.     

Foucault at School: Discipline,Education and Agency in Harry Potter

The formative power of children's literature is both great and suspicious. As a resource of socialization, the construction and experience of children's literature can be seen as modes of disciplinary coercion such as Michel Foucault has anatomized. Harry Potter, as a “craze” phenomenon, has attracted particular controversy due to its intense commercialization and dissemination, raising questions about its socializing roles. Here I argue that Harry Potter itself addresses, represents, and reflects on socializing disciplines as both psychological and socio-historical processes, with special focus on and implications for educational scenes and methods. Discipline is shown to be inevitable and necessary, but not only in the coercive ways of Foucault. It is no less important for constructing the self in positive senses. Hogwarts, as the central site of action, becomes a stage for a wide variety of educational models and disciplinary modes and goals. These range from Dolores Umbridge, whose classroom is coercively disciplinary in full Foucauldian sense; through Snape's abuses of power, Albus Dumbledore's modelling of educational and moral values, and Harry's own role as student-teacher exemplifying educational principles which Jerome Bruner and others have called a “community of learning.” This variety of educational experiences explores the possibilities through which discipline emerges not only as coercive, but also as formative in ways that are maturing, strengthening, and rewarding: a possibility with strong implications for questions of socialization and creativity in general. Harry Potter concludes with a reconstitution of self and society, in a way that endorses discipline even as it suspects its coercive abuses. This becomes not only a personal project but an explicitly social and political one, requiring both critique and investment in culture. Socialization then is shown to be a process of formation that is not merely coercive but creative.     

Rethinking Vulnerability in the Age of Anthropocene: Toward Ecologizing Education

In this essay, Huey‐li Li argues that, although precariousness has always been embedded in human existence, our human vulnerability has been heightened by seemingly omnipresent and omnipotent risks in the modern era, ranging from the 9/11 terroristic attacks and nuclear meltdowns to infectious disease outbreaks and climate change. Li unravels some of the ambiguities surrounding the conceptualization of vulnerability, pointing out that human vulnerability, to a large extent, is coterminous with the increasingly more vulnerable global–local ecological systems in the age of the Anthropocene. She then connects this formulation of vulnerability to the existential, ontological, and social vulnerability in education and its accompanying discourses. Li questions the wisdom of thinking that human invulnerability is an attainable goal in the modern era and argues further that all protective and preventive efforts are actually counterproductive — that is, that they instead tend to maximize our fears and thus render us more vulnerable. Instead of perpetuating the vulnerable pursuit of invulnerability in formal educational institutions, Li concludes, modern schooling should embrace and engage ecological and human vulnerability. In this way, education might better assume ethical responsibility for mitigating the ongoing ecological decline.     

Education and Broad Concepts of Agency

Abstract

Drawing on recent debates about the relationship between propositional and practical knowledge, this article is concerned with broad concepts of agency. Specifically, it is concerned with agency that involves the forming and putting into effect of intentions over relatively extended periods, particularly in work contexts (called, for want of a better term, ‘project management’). The main focus of interest is thus not on ‘know-how’ in the sense of ability to perform types of tasks but on the ability to form and carry through projects. Much, although by no means all, of the limited literature on this topic assumes that such abilities are largely independent of social interaction. This article will challenge that assumption. The article concludes with a reflection on the implications of an adequate account of project management ability for contemporary debates on the relationship between propositional and practical knowledge, and examines the implications for vocational and professional education that prepares people for this type of broadly based agency for their personal development.     

The Environmental Education Outline and the Environmental Education Magazine

The students of Lenin primary schools are the children of impoverished workers and farmers; they have undergone lives of great hardship and have personally witnessed the oppression and destruction of their fathers and brothers under the pressure of debts and rent-collection by powerful local gentry and landlords. In these circumstances their thoughts have been constantly preoccupied with the need for clothing to wear, food to eat, a place to live, freedom, and books to read. When instructing them, teachers should pay special attention to these pressing needs and should make use of the students' feelings in studying such questions as how it is that we suffer poverty and hardship and why the local gentry and landlords enjoy such fortune though they do not work. Through this kind of study, the students should be brought naturally to an understanding of the fact that in society there are two absolutely dissimilar classes - one being the capitalist class and the other the proletariat. The capitalist class is the exploiting class, and the proletariat class is the exploited class. When the students have learned that they themselves are of the proletariat, the exploited and oppressed class, then various methods should be used to teach them how to attack the capitalist class, how to relieve their own distress. In this way consolidate their class consciousness and establish their determination for class struggle.     

Environmental Education at Post-Secondary Levels in Canada

Abstract

Personal interviews with elementary teachers were conducted to identify and determine the relative importance of barriers to environmental education (EE) in Palouse-region public schools. Results indicated that lack of time (both in the school day and for preparation) was the most important barrier. Other important logistical barriers were lack of instructional materials and lack of funding. Conceptual barriers included a nearly exclusive focus on science and an emphasis on the cognitive aspects of EE. Another barrier stemmed from teachers' misgivings about their own competence to teach EE. Although teachers generally had positive attitudes toward EE, most lacked the commitment to actually teach EE. Recommendations for reducing these barriers are presented, as are specific recommendations for future research.     

关于当今时代小学教育地位的讨论——当代小学教育宏观理论研究之二

小学教育的地位非常重要,非常特殊,又非常关键,它具有奠基价值、开端价值,同时又是儿童接受教育的黄金时期．因此我们必须对小学教育的地位有足够的认识,并以此充分发挥小学教育的功效．     

Physical Education,Cognition and Agency

Abstract

Traditional analytical philosophy of education assigns a peripheral place to physical education, partly because orthodox epistemology finds its cognitive claims implausible. An understandable but dubious response to this state of affairs is the attempt to relocate physical education within the academic curriculum, with its characteristic emphasis on theoretical knowledge and formal assessment. Dissatisfaction with this response suggests an analysis of physical activity in terms of practical knowledge or knowing how, but the results of this seem inconclusive. More recently, the development of neurocomputational and embodied-cognition approaches in cognitive science appears to offer alternative ways of understanding motor skill and physical activity, and thus of rescuing physical education from its marginal status. But these strategies are not unproblematic, particularly where questions of personal agency and motor control are concerned. Examination of these issues prompts a radical reconsideration of the traditional problem of physical education, and consequently of some familiar assumptions in the philosophy of education.     

关于高校环境素质教育立法的思考

法律是由国家制定或认可的强制性行为规范,它能够将高校环境素质教育通过立法上升到法律地位,从而具有权威性;立法的先导功能,还能够有效引导高校环境素质教育向法律所预定的目标变革。我国高校环境素质教育立法还存在明显问题,因而本文提出了完善高校环境素质教育立法的对策。具体包括：立法体系的建立;执行制度的明确;资金保障制度的完善;奖惩制度的健全以及评估制度的制定。     

大学环境教育的若干思考

环境意识集中表现在人们的行为方式上,成为人的素质、修养与文明程度的重要标志,也是社会文明程度的重要标志。大学生环境意识的灌输与培养已经成为大学生素质教育的内在要求。在非环境类专业的“社会环境保护”课程教学中,我们始终将培养学生的环境意识作为本门课程教学的一个重要目标。...     

回归儿童生活世界的儿童艺术教育探究

儿童艺术教育存在着远离儿童生活、脱离儿童生活世界的现象。为了最大限度地发挥儿童的艺术潜力,儿童艺术教育的目标、内容、方法和评价都应从儿童世界的特点入手,回归儿童的生活世界。     

新时期职业技术教育改革和发展中的几个关系——在河南省农村职教研究会八次会议上的讲话

江泽民总书记在全国第三次教育工作会议上的讲话中指出：“努力办好各级各类职业技术教育，是一篇大文章。现在，中等职业技术教育虽然已经有了发展，但从总体上说，还刚刚开始做。各地各部门要狠狠抓它十年、二十年，必会大见成效。”江泽民同志的指示，为职业技术教育的改革和发展指明了方向。 但是最近一个时期以来，社会上包括教育战线内部对职教的发展产生了诸多议论，有的甚至怀疑还要不要坚持积极发展职教的方针。如何认识当前职教发展中出现的问题，笔者认为，应当辩证地、全面地分析。我们应首先看到，改革开放以来，随着经济体制…     

儿童文化视角下幼儿艺术教育的异化与回归路径探析

儿童文化的本质是一种审美文化,艺术与审美渗透到了儿童生活的方方面面。在儿童文化视角下审视儿童艺术,二者之间呈现出整体与部分、本质与表征、限制与被限制的关系。幼儿艺术教育本应更多地受到儿童文化的观照,然而当前成人文化处于霸权地位,导致幼儿艺术教育中儿童文化的缺场与儿童文化的自觉困境,幼儿艺术教育发展呈现出从艺术教育目标、内容、方法、评价到环境的异化样态。为此,要针对幼儿艺术教育各个要素的异化样态进行纠正与积极建设,让其目标设定从成人视角转向儿童视角,内容从分裂转向整合,方法从机械转向创造,评价从注重结果转向关注过程,环境从封闭转向开放,让儿童文化重新回归幼儿艺术教育。