“三山国王”的文化渊源和历史过程——兼论客家在客居情景中的文化认同

在台湾和大陆都有“三山国王”是客家神的说法,弄清这个问题,对于认识“三山国王”和客家在客居情境中的文化认同,都有很大的意义。“三山国王”的文化构成相当复杂,它是自然崇拜中的山神、社会崇拜中的土王神和佛教神等多元文化因素构成的。同时,从中国内陆山地民族———土家族的“三王神”看,它与土家族的信仰还有某种文化上联系。“三山国王”的文化过程大致是：它原是巾、明、独三山的山神;大约在商周时期,随着清江巨蛇氏族———诞人南迁,三王神渗入其中,使之转化为社会神;唐宋时期,山寨神和佛教渗入,又使它“国王化”。后来,客家进入三山地区,又使之客家化。“三山国王”进入台湾,只是它客家化的一个表现。在“三山国王”的文化过程中,我们不仅可以看到它的文化演变史,而且,可以看到客家在迁徙后的客居生存情境中对客地文化的认同和占有过程     

“三山国王”的文化渊源和历史过程－兼论客家在客居情景中的文化认同

在台湾和大陆都有“三山国王”是客家神的说法,弄清这个问题,对行认识“三山国王”和客家在客剧情情境中的作用认同,都有很大的意义,“三山国王”的文化构成相当复杂,它是自然崇拜中的山神,社会崇拜中的土王神和佛教神等多元文化因素构成的,同时,从中国内陆山地民族－土家族的“三王神”看,它与土家族的信仰还有某种文化上联系,“三山国王”的文化过程大致是：它原是巾,明,独三山的山神,大约在商周时期,随着清江巨蛇氏族－诞人南迁,三王神渗入其中,使之化为社会神,唐宋时期,山寨神和佛教渗入,又使它“国王化”,后来,客家进入三山地区,又使之客家化,“三山国王”进入台湾,只是它有化的一个表现,在“三山国王”的文化中,我们不仅可以看到文化演变史,而且,可以看到客家在迁征后的客居生存性境中对客地文化的认同和占有过程。     

粤东三山国王文化传承与开发研究

三山国王崇拜在粤东地区的传播过程中形成了各种形式的三山国王文化遗产,包括祭典、神话传说、民俗、庙会等无形文化和碑刻、文献、宫庙建筑等有形文化。三山国王文化的传承要加强政府的引导和推动作用,发挥大学在地方历史文化教育中的功能,运用新媒体技术增强三山国王文化的传播效果。开发粤东三山国王文化资源,要打破行政区划壁垒,整合粤东地区三山国王文化资源,推动三山国王文化产业化,将其培育成为粤东文化品牌。     

潮州三山神的由来及其对马来西亚、台湾等地的影响

闽粤、台湾及东南亚各国华侨多崇祀三山国王,但三山国王是人是神,怎样形成却鲜为人知。本文依据唐初陈元光题壁诗认为,三山神是魏晋南北朝时人,因有功于隋,而受封(可能曾被职为揭阳驻守),但他们鉴于隋杨广的暴政退而隐于三山之中,以后还常出以救人急难,传说甚多,逐广为崇奉,历代统治者也加以利用,才由勇士而变为山神。这件事自元起,海内外皆有庙记记述,可为佐证。     

从三山国王信仰看两岸文教交流

三山国王是粤东地区的地方保护神,特别为粤东客家人所信奉.在明清时期,伴随着粤东客家移民台湾,三山国王信仰也飘洋过海到台湾.三山国王信仰曾被视为台湾客家人所特有的信仰,是台湾族群辨别的标准之一.目前两岸交流是文化先行,三山国王信仰可借其在两岸客家人的特殊地位,推动两岸客家及与其他族群的文教交流.     

粤东三山国王信仰与两岸关系的互动及发展——以揭西霖田祖庙为中心的考察

三山国王信仰是粤东地区的主要民间信仰活动,从明代开始随着粤东客家人向台湾的播迁,三山国王信仰也传到了台湾地区,成为客家人开发、建设台湾的重要守护神。透过描述三山国王信仰的起源、分布与发展及历史不同时期在粤、台两地的互动来探讨民间信仰在两岸关系中的地位和作用。     

论三山国王信仰在台湾的传播与变迁

三山国王是广东潮州福佬人与客家人共同的信仰,随着粤东客家人在台湾的拓殖,三山国王信仰在明代万历年间就在岛内广泛传播,成为台湾客家人重要的信仰资源与文化力量。三山国王信仰也因环境变化而再创,其信仰群体、神像形态、神像名称、宗教功能、宗教仪式也发生了一定的变化。     

海峡两岸三山国王信仰及文化意义

三山国王民间信仰文化发源于粤东揭西的霖田祖庙,受其移民规模和文化流布的影响,在台湾地区也有广泛的信众。探讨两岸三山国王信仰形成的基础,研究三山国王信仰内涵及流播对促进两岸经济发展和关系和谐都具有现实意义。     

西双版纳拉祜族传统宗教文化——常见的传统宗教信仰方式

拉祜族宗教信仰的发展正处于多神向一神转变的过程,在他们的生活中信仰的最高神是“厄沙”,但是在万物有灵的思想影响下,西双版纳拉祜族的宗教信仰中多神崇拜的痕迹还很浓重,还有水神、树神、山神、太阳、月亮以及祖先神灵等等的崇拜,常见的传统宗教信仰方式主要有：天神崇拜、图腾崇拜、自然崇拜和农耕祭祀几种。     

论《五藏山经》之“虎”与图腾的关系

<五藏山经>记载了大量的山神,学者或将其归入自然崇拜;或因山神形象多是"动物的变形"而将其归入图腾崇拜.然而,<五藏山经>中具有"虎"特征的神与一般的"山神"有明显不同,或与"帝"有密切的关系,或于神界有司职,或与居住地无密切关系,或兼而有之.因此,<五藏山经>中"虎"的文献与"自然崇拜"及"图腾崇拜"皆无直接的关系,只是"虎"图腾在后世神话中的遗留.     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.