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1.
Heidi B. Carlone Sue Kimmel Christina Tschida 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2010,5(2):447-476
This is an ethnographic study of a newly created math, science, and technology elementary magnet school in a rural community
fiercely committed to cultural preservation while facing unprecedented economic instability brought on by massive loss of
manufacturing jobs. Our goal was to understand global- and community-level contexts that influenced the school’s science curriculum,
the ways the school promoted itself to the community, and the implicit meanings of science held by school staff, parents and
community members. Main sources of data were the county’s newspaper articles from 2003 to 2006, the school’s, town’s, and
business leaders’ promotional materials, and interviews with school staff, parents, and community members. A key finding was
the school’s dual promotion of science education and character education. We make sense of this “science with character” curriculum
by unpacking the school and community’s entanglements with historical (cultural preservation), political (conservative politics,
concerns for youth depravity), and economic (globalization) networks. We describe the ways those entanglements enabled certain
reproductive meanings of school science (as add-on, suspect, and elitist) and other novel meanings of science (empathetic,
nurturing, place-based). This study highlights the school as a site of struggle, entangled in multiple networks of practice
that influence in positive, negative, and unpredictable ways, the enacted science curriculum. 相似文献
2.
This paper is about the interaction between policy and practice, and about how competing policies contributed to a paradoxical
tension within that interaction in one school. Within a paradigm of educational renewal, the Singapore Ministry of Education
(MOE) has initiated a number of policies designed to give schools autonomy in designing and implementing programmes to achieve
optimal educational outcomes for its students. Among these are READ! Singapore, Teach Less, Learn More and the School Excellence
Model. In this context, we review an MOE initiated Extensive Reading (ER) programme in one school. Despite such innovative
policies, Dewey Secondary School’s [The names of the school and individuals have been changed to protect their privacy.] pedagogical
and literacy practices continue to be largely influenced by other dominant features of Singapore’s and the school’s own educational
culture—an exam-oriented focus that prioritises outcome and skill-based pedagogy and the school’s historical practice of restricting
literacies. Competing policies as interpreted by the school and diverse stakeholders result in a morphed ER programme—an adaptation
of a reading programme that reflects the programme intent overtly but one that collides at other times, and as a result, is
pulled in different directions. The story is, thus, one of ‘policies of promise and practices of limit’. 相似文献
3.
The influence of video clubs on teachers’ thinking and practice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Elizabeth A. van Es Miriam Gamoran Sherin 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2010,13(2):155-176
This article examines a model of professional development called “video clubs” in which teachers watch and discuss excerpts
of videos from their classrooms. We investigate how participation in a video club influences teachers’ thinking and practice
by exploring three related contexts: (a) teachers’ comments during video-club meetings, (b) teachers’ self-reports of the
effects of the video club, and (c) teachers’ instruction across the year. Data analysis revealed changes in all three contexts.
In the video-club meetings, teachers paid increased attention to student mathematical thinking over the course of the year.
In interviews, teachers reported having learned about students’ mathematical thinking, about the importance of attending to
student ideas during instruction, and about their school’s mathematics curriculum. Finally, shifts were also uncovered in
the teachers’ instruction. By the end of the year, teachers increasingly made space for student thinking to emerge in the
classroom, probed students’ underlying understandings, and learned from their students while teaching. 相似文献
4.
Burden of Acting Neither White Nor Black: Asian American Identities and Achievement in Urban Schools
Jamie Lew 《The Urban Review》2006,38(5):335-352
Ogbu’s theory of “burden of acting white” has been one of the most frequently cited studies to explain black and white achievement
gap. However, emerging studies have argued that Ogbu’s theory may be limited when examining variability of school achievement
among black and white students. Research shows that in addition to culture, other social forces, such as class, peer networks,
and school context may play a significant role when accounting for minority students’ academic aspirations and achievement.
In the midst of this on-going debate, however, there is a limited understanding of how, if at all, theory of “acting white”
plays a role for racial groups other than black and white students. By extending the discussion beyond a black-and-white discourse,
this research examines how Asian American students in two different social and economic contexts, negotiate their race and
ethnic identities. Framed by a prevalent model minority stereotype that conflates Asian Americans with whiteness, the findings
show that portrayal of Asian “success” much like black “failure” cannot be explained solely on their cultural orientation.
By comparing experiences of two groups of Korean American students—both high- and low-achieving—in different economic and
school contexts, this study illustrates how the two groups of Korean American students adopt different racial strategies depending
on their socioeconomic backgrounds, peer networks, and school contexts. Using Korean American students in urban schools as
a case study, this research complicates and challenges our understanding of the role of culture in school achievement and
illustrates how culture intersects with class, race, and schools.
Jamie Lew is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Urban Education, Rutgers University-Newark, 110 Warren Street, Newark,
NY, 07102-1814, USA 相似文献
5.
The central purpose of this study is to examine approaches for dealing with the problem of bullying (wangtta in Korean) in schools from the Christian educational perspective. There has been much development in both research and practice
in the 1990s and 2000s relating to bullying in Korean schools. Most Korean research on bullying, however, has almost exclusively
focussed on verification of the facts that bullying or peer rejection is a widespread phenomenon in schools. This study, however,
is mainly concerned with how to tackle effectively the bullying problem on the basis of Christian educational philosophy.
To do this, this paper suggests a four stage approach to dealing with bullying: namely, clarifying the Christian school ethos,
leading to determine the school’s bullying policy. With the bullying policy, school anti-bullying programs could be developed
in order to create a bullyingfree school environment. 相似文献
6.
This study was designed to compare the effects of Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) and Student Teams-Achievement Divisions
(STAD) on fourth grade students’ academic achievement in and attitudes towards mathematics. Seven classes of a school were
randomly selected for this experimental study. Two of these were given instruction through TAI; two through STAD, and the
remaining three were treated as a control group. For the purpose of the data analysis regarding academic achievement, the
3 X 1 covariance analysis was used to compare the groups. As a result of this comparison, both the TAI and STAD methods were
found to have positive effects (d = 1.003 for TAI and d = 0.40 for STAD) on students’ academic achievement in mathematics. The pairwise comparisons showed that the TAI method had
a more significant effect than the STAD method. The scores for the attitude towards mathematics were analyzed by using non-parametric
statistics. As a result of this analysis, no significant difference was observed regarding students’ attitudes towards mathematics. 相似文献
7.
Greg Wiggan 《The Urban Review》2008,40(4):317-349
Influential research on African American students has examined their school failure in terms of students’ opposition to school
achievement. Only a few studies have explored school engagement and success among these students, and even fewer have examined
the experiences of high achieving black students. This study illustrates the school context and school processes that high
achieving African American students identify as contributing to their academic success. The findings reveal three main school
effects impacting the students’ performance: 1) teacher practices, engaging pedagogy versus disengaging pedagogy; 2) participation
in extracurricular activities and; 3) the state scholarship as performance incentive. According to the students, teacher practices
were the most instrumental school effect benefiting their outcomes. Recognizing the processes that promote high achievement
among African American students can help to improve our understanding of student performance, while promoting success among
these students.
The author wishes to thank Ron DePeter and Tekla Johnson for their comments on a previous draft of this article 相似文献
8.
Sitha Chhinh 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2003,4(2):151-160
It is generally observed in the literature of school effectiveness research that there are two broadly categorized factors
influencing pupil achievement. However, the results of the studies based on empirically collected data vary from country to
country and from time to time. Premised on this inconsistency of results and gaps in knowledge of this field in Cambodian
education, this study was conducted in order to examine the effect of pupil factor on their mathematics achievement. The data
were collected from pupils by means of questionnaires and a mathematics test. After controlling such factors as pupils’ poverty
during the research design, the results of the step wise regression analysis showed that pupils’ interest in mathematics was
a significantly positive contributor to their performance. Pupils’ absence frequency, gender, grade repetition and preschool
attendance had significantly negative effects on their mathematics outcome. 相似文献
9.
In an era of rapid global economic and social change, educational institutions like schools and universities are struggling
to keep their curricula and programs relevant. Singapore’s schools are no exception, especially when education is viewed as
the essential element for maintaining the nation’s global competitiveness in ways that are totally disproportionate to its
size. The current shift from an ‘efficiency-’ to an ‘ability-’ driven paradigm in education, however, is increasing uncertainty
and raising the stakes in an already pressurized system where schools, educators and students constantly compete for top academic
awards and rewards. The concept of “partnership” in Singapore education is a significant, relatively new, trend that has caught
on among local schools only since the late-1990s, with the focus on creating better “total” learning environments for students.
This paper analyses the challenges of matching rhetoric with professional practice with regard to school–home partnerships
in Singapore, and concludes that the key to authentic collaboration lies in the mutual appreciation and valuing of diversity
as well as a deep sense of shared responsibility by all parties concerned. 相似文献
10.
Effective schools should be superior in both enhancing students’ achievement levels and reducing the gap between high- and
low-achieving students in the school. However, the focus has been placed mainly on schools’ achievement levels in most school
effect studies. In this article, we focused our attention upon the school-specific achievement dispersion as well as achievement
level in determining effective schools. The achievement dispersion in a particular school can be captured by within-school
variance in achievement (σ2). Assuming heterogeneous within-school variance across schools in hierarchical modeling, it is possible to identify school
factors related to high achievement levels and a small gap between high- and low-achieving students. By analyzing data from
the TIMMS-R, we illustrated how to detect variance heterogeneity and how to find a systematic relationship between within-school
variance and school practice. In terms of our results, we found that schools with a high achievement level tended to be more
homogeneous in achievement dispersion, but even among schools with the same achievement level, schools varied in their achievement
dispersion, depending on classroom practices. 相似文献
11.
We examined the relationship between English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ interpersonal behaviour and students’ fluency
in English in secondary education in China. A total of 160 students from four classes in the southwest part of China were
asked to assess their teachers’ interpersonal behaviour using the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI). This was the
first time that the QTI was successfully translated and used (in EFL classrooms) in China. Cronbach’s α reliability coefficients
for the scales were adequate, while confirmatory factor analyses provided support for the theoretical framework behind the
questionnaire. Results showed that teacher uncertainty was negatively correlated with student achievement. Furthermore, the
degree of teacher cooperation with students was the only significant predictor for student achievement, but its effect disappeared
when student background variables were taken into account. Results also indicated a discrepancy between students’ perceptions
of preferred and actual teacher interpersonal behaviour. The tolerant-authoritative profile was the most common interpersonal
style based on Chinese students’ perceptions. 相似文献
12.
Neil Gislason 《Learning Environments Research》2010,13(2):127-145
This article develops a theoretical framework for studying how instructional space, teaching and learning are related in practice.
It is argued that a school’s physical design can contribute to the quality of the learning environment, but several non-architectural
factors also determine how well a given facility serves as a setting for teaching and learning. Supporting evidence for this
argument is drawn from research on school climate and organisation, as well as from the author’s study of three open-plan
high schools. Facilities design, educational practice, school culture, and student learning are found to be interrelated aspects
of a school’s total learning environment. 相似文献
13.
Raquel Farmer-Hinton 《The Urban Review》2011,43(5):567-596
This article reports findings from a four-year case study of an urban college preparatory charter high school. Through analyses
of teacher and staff interviews, the author highlights how the school approached the idea of “college for all” under the archetypal
influence of “college preparatory.” The interview data show how the charter school staff engaged in important educational
questions about what defines college preparation even though those questions became more complex as the school matured. These
findings are presented in three themes: (1) building a school, which reflects staff members’ views on the school’s start-up period of building renovation and growth, (2) building a curriculum, which reflects staff members’ views on teachers’ instructional practices, and (3) building a college culture, which reflects staff members’ efforts to provide students with supplemental academic and social supports for college planning
and preparation. 相似文献
14.
The study examines the effect of the “Living Values Educational Program” (LVEP) on certain behaviors and attitudes related
to personal intelligences (Intrapersonal & Interpersonal) in elementary school students in a private school in Lebanon. A
sample of 76 second and third grade students was randomly selected. A pre-post experimental control group design was used.
Students in the treatment group followed lessons from three of the program’s value units, namely: Peace, Respect and Love,
in addition to the regular school curriculum for a whole school year, while the control group continued with the school’s
regular curriculum. Both groups were pre tested prior to the implementation of the program and then post tested using the
following instruments: Harter’s Perceived Competence Scales, Teachers’ Rating Scale, and the BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory
(EQ-i:YV (S)). Data was analyzed using t-tests and qualitative teacher parent interviews. Significant treatment effects were found on students’ self-perceptions in
the Scholastic, Cognitive and Social domains of the Harter Scale, as compared to the control group. Also, significant differences
in the Teachers Rating Scale posttest measures, in favor of the treatment group were also found, but not on the EQ-i:YV (S)
subscales and total EQ post test mean scores. Results were discussed and explanations were provided with recommendations for
future research. 相似文献
15.
Anita A. Wager 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2012,15(1):9-23
Connecting students’ cultural and community mathematical practices to school mathematics is a critical issue in mathematics
education. The goal of the study was to identify how teachers incorporate children’s cultural and out-of-school mathematics
in instruction. Four related practices were identified, and three drew on children’s cultural or out-of-school experiences:
(a) using these experiences as contexts for problems, (b) linking these experiences to school mathematics, and (c) identifying
embedded mathematical practices prominent in these experiences. A fourth category, teacher initiated situated settings, focused
on shared experiences using the classroom as a site of culture. Findings suggest that these practices represent varying levels
of complexity and that use of this framework might support teachers in better relating students’ cultural and out-of-school
experiences to mathematics. 相似文献
16.
17.
Li Yin 《Frontiers of Education in China》2006,1(2):286-299
It has been over ten years since the Teacher’s Law took effect on January 1, 1994, and its promulgation and implementation have somewhat helped in protecting teachers’ legal
rights and interests. Undeniably, however, the Teacher’s Law is defective in many aspects, such as the absence of teachers’ legal identity, its failure to safeguard a teacher’s essential
interests and rights, serious laggardness of the teacher’s appointment system and obstacles to dealing with teachers’ complaints
and litigations. All such defectiveness make the legislative purpose “to safeguard the teacher’s legal rights and interests”
in Article 1 of the Teacher’s Law less effective in practice. Therefore, in order to judicially assist teachers in safeguarding their own legal rights and
interests, it is necessary to modify the Teacher’s Law and especially give priorities to: (1) defining the identity of the state staff member for teachers; (2) treating teachers
owed to in arrears as peasant-workers, and paying and remunerating them punctually (3) formulating detailed measures on the
implementation of the teacher’s appointment system as soon as possible, solving problems of unemployment of teachers arising
from the inequality between the teacher’s rights, the school’s power and the absence of the teacher’s identity; (4) establishing
a lawsuit system connected with teachers’ complaints and personnel arbitration.
__________
Translated from Theory and Practice of Education, 2005:2 相似文献
18.
Joanne Marttila Pierson 《Annals of dyslexia》1999,49(1):307-329
In this case study paper, I describe my work with Bill, a first grade boy with dyslexia. My goals were to identify his interests
and abilities and create contexts in which these interests and abilities supported his literacy learning. A theoretical foundation
that merged current understandings of highly effective pedagogical practices for individuals with dyslexia with Dewey’s (1913)
theory of genuine interest within a social-constructivist perspective (Vygotsky 1987, 1993) was utilized. A noticeable improvement
in Bill’s willingness to engage in activities of reading, writing, and phonological awareness occurred when he was given a
voice in the activities. Within contexts of literacy learning that allowed him to demonstrate his interests and talents, Bill
became increasingly engaged in activities surrounding the reading and writing of text. Ultimately, this project was successful
in creating a context, for this six-year-old boy with dyslexia, in which meaningful learning took place and motivation was
provided for future literacy learning. 相似文献
19.
Community and school violence continue to be a major public health problem, especially among urban children and adolescents.
Little research has focused on the effect of school safety and neighborhood violence on academic performance. This study examines
the effect of the school and neighborhood climate on academic achievement among a population of 3rd–5th grade students in
an urban public school system. Community and school safety were assessed using the School Climate Survey, an annual City-wide
assessment of student’s perception of school and community safety. Community violence was measured using the Neighborhood
Inventory for Environmental Typology, an objective observational assessment of neighborhood characteristics. Academic achievement
was measured using the Maryland State Assessment (MSA), a standardized exam given to all Maryland 3rd–8th graders. School
Climate Data and MSA data were aggregated by school and grade. Objective assessments of neighborhood environment and students’
self-reported school and neighborhood safety were both strongly associated with academic performance. Increasing neighborhood
violence was associated with statistically significant decreases from 4.2 to 8.7% in math and reading achievement; increasing
perceived safety was associated with significant increases in achievement from 16 to 22%. These preliminary findings highlight
the adverse impact of perceived safety and community violence exposure on primary school children’s academic performance. 相似文献
20.
This study explored the concept of school connectedness and the factors that may influence its development with a sample of
Chinese adolescents. Six focus groups involving 52 high school students were conducted using a set of predetermined discussion
topics. Results indicated that the students fully understood the notion of school connectedness and could identify a number
of key influences affecting its development. These factors could be grouped under several domains including teacher care,
peer relations, broader school relationships, school disciplinary policies and practices, activities within the school’s guidance
and counseling program, and opportunities for talent development. The students were also able to suggest practical strategies
that schools might introduce to enhance and strengthen students’ acquisition of connectedness to school. The implications
from the findings are discussed with particular reference to implementing comprehensive school guidance and counseling program
in Hong Kong. 相似文献