共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
2.
本文立足于女性科学家仍处于科学边缘的现实,结合历史和现状分析了造成这一情况的原因,认为女性科学家的边缘化状态并非女性缺乏科学知识的积累造成的,而是文化和社会的偏见形成的,通过对社会和文化对女性缺乏科学研究能力价值认可的批判,本文试图为女性科学家最终打碎玻璃天花板,实现角色的转移设计一条可能的途径。 相似文献
4.
英国科学家发现,大豆、啤酒、杀虫剂和涂料中的普通仿荷尔蒙化学物质,会直接损害男性的授精能力。科学家获得的初步证据表明,一系列高浓度生态雌性激素可能仿真女性的荷尔蒙功能,干扰进入女性体内之精子与卵子相结合的过程。试验显示,精子只要接触到极少量这类化学物质,就会太早消耗能量,结果失去穿破卵子外层薄膜的能力。科学家相信,这一初步发现有助 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
聂建平 《大科技.科学之谜》2008,(10):28-29
在历史记载中,女科学家非常稀少,驰骋疆场的巾帼英雄也比女科学家的人数要多。这是由于当时社会对女性的歧视对她们进入科学界产生了巨大的阻碍。但随着社会的发展,从19世纪开始,一些杰出的妇女凭着她们的勇气、毅力和才能,克服了这些障碍,进入了这个禁区。 相似文献
10.
11.
We test the hypothesis that scientific collaboration is associated with increased publication productivity. We differentiate our approach from other studies by (a) incorporating professional networks in the productivity model, (b) casting productivity and collaboration as distinct phenomena, and (c) examining these phenomena in the context of resource-constrained research institutions in a developing country. We use survey data and employ negative binomial regression models. Results indicate that publication productivity is significantly linked to professional network factors, but there is no evidence of any association with scientific collaboration. We observe that most scientists collaborate in research projects despite coordination difficulties, and without any measurable impact on their productivity. Our interviews reveal that a possible answer to this puzzle appears to be rooted in a practice that views collaborative research projects not mainly as a means to producing knowledge and gaining recognition, but for acquiring professional opportunities and extrinsic rewards. Our findings suggest a new way of modeling publication productivity, with implications for science and innovation policy in both the developed and the developing world. 相似文献
12.
We examine career patterns within the industrial, academic, and governmental sectors and their relation to the publication and patent productivity of scientists and engineers working at university-based research centers in the United States. We hypothesize that among university scientists, intersectoral changes in jobs throughout the career provide access to new social networks and scientific and technical human capital, which will result in higher productivity. For this study, the curriculum vitae of 1200 research scientists and engineers were collected and coded. In addition, patent data were collected from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The overarching conclusion from our analysis is that the academic scientists’ and engineers’ research careers we studied are quite different than characterized in the research productivity literature that is a decade or more old. The wave of center creation activity that began in the early 1980s and continues today has resulted not only in greater ties between universities and industry, but also markedly different academic careers. 相似文献
13.
本文以中科院所属研究院所科研人员为主要调查对象,从跨界合作网络的视角出发,分析专利产出性别差异的社会网络机制。研究主要有3个发现:1.女性科研人员跨界合作网络规模和网络关系强度上均存在明显的欠缺;2.与企业界、其他学科领域合作网络规模和网络关系强度上的欠缺是影响专利产出性别差异的重要因素,而且网络关系强度的影响作用要大于网络规模的影响;3.性别对于跨界合作网络与专利产出关系的调节作用并不显著,即在拥有相同网络规模和网络关系强度的情况下,女性从与各类合作网络关系中获得专利产出回报的可能性与男性并无显著区别。与男性同事相比,女性的专利产出会更多地受到其他因素的影响,如职业早期的企业工作经历、单位组织的知识产权培训等。最后,在结果讨论的基础上提出在学术成果商业化新趋势下减少科技领域性别差异的政策建议。 相似文献
14.
构造了一个基于习惯和理性选择行为的科学家社会互动模型,揭示了由个体行动者的角色扮演趋向和承认分配趋向之间循环加速的双向结构作用,探讨了这一互动系统的动态在环境和边界条件的作用下如何演变成科学家发表论文方面的优势积累和社会分层。 相似文献
15.
虽然社会文明在进步,但在科研活动中仍存在着严重的性别歧视。性别差异是否真的会影响科研成果?笔者假设女性的科研生产率可能低于男性,但在科研质量方面,男性却并没有优势。Abramo曾提出男性在科研方面的优势只存在于小部分团体中,而其他剩余的部分甚至会出现与之相反的现象。本文选取了《情报学报》2008-2011年的发文数据,采用引文分析方法对此假设和Abramo的观点进行了验证。 相似文献
16.
国际科学合作研究状况综述/FONT 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
随着科学的迅速发展,科学研究中的合作关系日益成为影响科学生产能力发挥的巨大力量,引起越来越多的科学家以及科技管理人士的关注,对科学合作的研究也在逐渐深入。本文对国际科学合作的研究进展作以综述,以期发现科学合作活动的规律,为提高科学研究绩效提供信息。 相似文献
17.
This paper investigates the difference in the profiles of university scientists who have founded or advised companies. We analyzed the commercial activities of a sample of 6138 university life scientists and found that the profiles of scientists who become academic entrepreneurs are different from those who become companies’ scientific advisors. Founding activity occurs earlier during a scientist's career than advising. Factors such as gender, research productivity, social networks and employer characteristics also differ in their effects on the propensity for founding and advising. In addition, regression analysis shows that being a company's scientific advisor decreases the probability of becoming an academic founder. Overall, evidence from our analysis suggests that founding and advising are two divergent paths for commercially oriented university scientists. 相似文献
18.
This paper analyzes the effect of university research centers on the productivity and collaboration patterns of university faculty. University research centers are an important subject for policy analysis insofar that they have become the predominant policy response to scientific and technical demands that have not been met by extant institutions, including academic departments, private firms, and government laboratories. Specifically, these centers aim to organize researchers from across the disciplines and sectors which, collectively as a research unit, possess the scientific and technical capacity relevant to scientific and technical goals of the sponsoring agencies. In this paper, we measure the productivity and collaboration patterns of university researchers affiliated with a relatively large-scale and “mature” university research center to discern the effects, if any, of the center mechanism on individual scientists and engineers. Based on an analysis of longitudinal bibliometric data, the results from this case study demonstrate affiliation with the center to be effective at enhancing overall productivity as well as at facilitating cross-discipline, cross-sector, and inter-institutional productivity and collaborations. 相似文献
19.
近年来,有关部门陆续出台了鼓励科研事业单位研究人员兼职兼薪的相关政策。对若干主要国立科研机构的管理人员和科研人员分别进行访谈与问卷调查。发现研究人员在本单位之外尤其是企业兼职很少,兼职兼薪政策开展尚不充分。要进一步提升政策效果,关键在于改变科研机构内部阻碍科研人员兼职兼薪的科技评价导向与相关管理体制。 相似文献
20.
一般认为,科学家尤其是诺贝尔奖科学家科学研究工作成果的主要发表形式是科学论文。但近年来的趋势表明,诺贝尔奖科学家也在大量地申请专利,即便是那些看起来从事基础科学研究的学者,也表现出强烈的专利意识。日本科学家、2012年诺贝尔生理或医学奖得主山中伸弥是其中典型的代表。山中伸弥"论文—专利"行为模式,存在着明显的逻辑合理性和行动连续性,值得我国科学家学习。作为驱动力量的日本科技政策,也值得我国科技政策制定者借鉴参考。 相似文献