论20世纪90年代以来文献采访工作的发展趋势

从文献采访工作对象、原则、方式、选择标准、信息获取、处理与传递等方面,分析文献采访工作的10个发展趋势,并对这些发展趋势的影响进行了探讨。     

浅析图书版本新变化

本文概述了近些年来图书版本发生的主要变化及其带来的影响,并对图书版本发生变化的主要原因进行了分析。     

Radio and presidential campaigning

The advent of radio broadcasting brought some significant changes into presidential campaigns but it jailed to produce other changes that one might have expected to arise from the use of this new communications medium. This paper describes the changes that took place and examines the reasons for certain expected changes failing to materialize.     

基于OWL的本体半自动进化研究

本体随着领域、时间、应用环境等的变化而不断发生着演变,因此,本体的完善以及随环境的变化而进化就成为了当前本体研究的重点。本文在引进国外本体进化理论及充分掌握OWL语言结构的基础上,提出了一个具有领域特色的本体半自动进化方案,引进了本体原子变化和复合变化,设计了武装直升机领域本体变化获取算法和基于OWL语言的本体语义变化算法,提出了本体原子变化集合的实施顺序算法,最后通过实验验证该领域本体半自动进化方案是可行的,且具有很大拓展性的。     

关于图书馆战略规划的几点思考与讨论

近年来,战略规划成为图书馆界的热点。图书馆战略规划之所以引起人们的关注,主要是因为图书馆界明显感觉到了以下变化：图书馆所处的信息环境的根本性变化,图书馆用户需求的变化,图书馆定位与使命的变化。图书馆战略规划涉及很多环节、步骤与方法,其中最关键的环节为：持续的战略前瞻与战略研究、战略规划框架研究与规划的制订、恰当的研究开发机制以及持续的战略评估与调整机制。     

Rearranging the universe: Reengineering,reinventing, and recycling

Technical services at Stanford University Libraries is in the process of instituting major changes in its organization and in the way it receives and processes materials. These changes depend on outsourcing, more use of current technology, and decentralizing many processes. To achieve change, we have relinquished many long-held assumptions and routines. This paper describes the first of the major changes we are instituting, in the monographic receiving area, and looks forward to the changes coming in the future.     

新时期高校资料室功能再议

在新的历史时期,高校资料室原有的功能发生了一些新的变化:表现在由资料、读者、工作人员的不同而体现出的专业性;由于工作方式发生改变而突出的针对性;由工作手段不同而变化了的时效性;因收藏内容、方式体现出的新颖性。     

如何应对断裂性的快速变革:从新加坡南洋理工大学图书馆的做法谈起

为了更好地为教学和科研服务,学术图书馆必须有效地应对许多来自前沿领域的快速变革。为了适应这些断裂性的快速变革(或者称为剧变),学术图书馆必须调整战略部署,转型组织结构,加强内部管理。本文重点陈述了新加坡南洋理工大学图书馆在应对剧变时的一些实践经验。     

Review of “The State of Open Access,” interviews by Richard Poynder

Abstract

Moves occur due to a variety of reasons. There can be changes in the mission, budget cuts, restructuring issues, changes in the staff, or the changes that technology brings about that are either forced on or desired by the library. Acceptance, helpful participation, and a conscious effort must be made to engage the staff in accepting what will be happening, participating in the areas that affect them, directly or indirectly, and motivating them to buy into the process. This is necessary or the success of the move will be in jeopardy. The level of change that occurs is more than what you might expect. Maneuvering between mission changes and having the collection reflect those changes takes planning, teamwork, use of volunteers, and some hard work.     

Web网页信息变化的时间局部性规律及其验证

掌握Web网页信息变化的时间规律可以更有针对性的指导搜索引擎等Web应用系统更有效地进行搜集。本文旨在研究中国范围内Web网页变化的时间规律,针对网页变化的频率和间隔两项指标,随机选取数百万网页作为样本,设计试验在一个月内对上述两项指标进行考察。从结论中,我们发现网页变化的若干规律,并发现其中可能存在时间局部性规律。因此,我们引入了堆栈距离模型,在针对Web网页的变化特性和具体实验方法对其修正之后,再次设计实验对网页变化的时间局部性规律进行考察。结果表明,网页的变化存在明显的时间局部性。最后,介绍了这种时间局部性规律在网页搜集中的实际应用。     

Perspectives in Hiring Academic Librarians with Frequent Job Changes

Librarian candidates’ frequent job changes can affect the probability of being hired. The aim of this study is to investigate the perspectives of library administrators and other librarians who had made hiring recommendations (e.g., served in search committees) toward librarian candidates with frequent job changes; 230 participants completed the online survey. Age, gender, type of academic institution and the number of libraries that the participant had worked during their career were not predictors of bias. More than half believed frequent job changes reflected unfavorably on candidates. Findings suggested that there is no systematic bias of librarian candidates with frequent job changes.     

Responding to Change on TV: How Viewer-Controlled Changes in Content Differ From Programmed Changes in Content

Two experiments explored differences in television viewers' responses to viewer-controlled and producer-controlled content changes. Viewers in both studies could change channels among 4 different newscasts. Orienting, sympathetic activation, cognitive effort, and recognition were compared in the moments following both channel changes (viewer control) and cuts (producer control). Neither channel changes nor cuts elicited orienting. Sympathetic activation was higher following channel changes, while cognitive effort was higher following cuts. In 1 experiment, recognition accuracy was higher after a cut than it was after a channel change. These results inform how the exertion of control over media content alters psychological processing.     

拓展图书馆社会职能的新理念新举措

本文从社会发展角度阐述图书馆社会职能的新变化及其对促进社会进步的重要作用．     

基于增量的网页快照及其可视化

为了持续跟踪某网页的变更情况,搜索引擎需要保存多个快照版本,这会大大增加服务器的存储空间。通过增量的方法,保存快照版本间的差异可减小磁盘空间占用。采用可视化方法,使用户能从全局了解各个版本间的修订情况、从细节上了解快照任意两个版本间的差异。     

中国现代图书馆的建立与古代文学研究的奠基

中国现代图书馆的建立意味着藏书结构的改变,这种改变代表着知识体系认知的内在变迁,通俗文学书籍的数量由此有了较大的增加。这些变革也必然使传统的目录学体系发生改变,容纳新知,戏曲、小说等通俗文学由此进入新的目录学体系。这一切都为古代文学研究的建立奠定了坚实的文献基础。     

Core Competencies of Front-Line Employees

Summary

The last decade of the 20th century and the beginning of the new millennium have seen unexpected changes. In Europe, especially in Germany, we are undergoing revolutionary changes in almost all domains of entrepreneurial, cultural and societal activities. These changes affect libraries too. Due to Electronic Data Processing, governmental regulations, and cultural changes, the workload for librarians has become more and more demanding. Traditional library education does not meet the needs of the 21st century. Customer service means more than doing a good job. This paper deals with some of these phenomena, focusing on libraries in Germany.     

Big Changes Needed: Where to Find the Money?

This article discusses ways that librarians can find the money to make big changes within their organizations. The article discusses strategic planning, metrics, and greater operating efficiencies as sound management methods to obtain the funding to make important changes in tight financial times. The piece has a practical tone addressed to library leaders and to practitioners who are asked to make significant changes in a lean economy.     

Putting a Sacred Cow Out to Pasture: Assessing the Removal of Fines and Reduction of Barriers at a Small Academic Library

At the beginning of the 2012/13 academic year, Vancouver Island University library removed most fines and made other loans changes to improve access to physical collections. One year later, the changes were assessed using circulation data and staff interviews. The removal of fines had no significant effect on borrower return rates and circulation numbers, but did win significant goodwill among users. Library staff believe the changes to be positive.     

《辞源》版本的百年流变

《辞源》从1908年动工编纂至今已达百余年,在这百年间,伴随着中国社会的巨大变革,《辞源》也经过了多次的改版。研究《辞源》的版本特征,可以明显看出时代变化对出版物的深刻影响。     

我国文书归档制度变迁及其规律研究（1949—2019）

归档在文书与档案工作中的地位和作用至关重要,作为上层建筑的归档制度因社会的发展而变迁。本文纵观70年来我国文书归档制度的变迁,按照初建时期、破坏时期、恢复时期和发展时期对其进行梳理,探寻归档制度变迁的历史规律和特点。归档制度变迁的方向顺应时代,主体来自基层,过程具有阶段性以及路径呈现渐进性,这为我国文书与档案制度建设提供了历史借鉴。