Diversity of Students' Views about Evidence,Theory, and the Interface between Science and Religion in an Astronomy Course

Arguments for teaching about the nature of science have been made for several decades. The most recent science education policy documents continue to assert the need for students to understand the nature of science. However, little research actually explores how students develop these understandings in the context of a specific course. We examine the growth in students' understanding about the nature of astronomy in a one‐semester college course. In addition to student work collected for 340 students in the course, we also interviewed focus students three times during the course. In this article we briefly describe class data and discuss in detail how five students developed their ideas throughout the course. In particular, we show the ways in which students respond to instruction with respect to the extent to which they (a) demand and examine evidence used for justifying claims, (b) integrate scientific and religious views, and (c) distinguish between scientific and nonscientific theories. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 37: 340–362, 2000.     

The Impact of a Course on Nature of Science Pedagogical Views and Rationales

This study explored changes in preservice teachers’ (PSTs) nature of science pedagogical (NOSP) views and nature of science (NOS) rationales using pre- and post-course written responses as well as interview data. Through systematic analysis, themes were generated and compared to the NOS literature. Comparisons between pre- and post-course data demonstrate improved and deepened NOS views, NOSP views that are more aligned with NOS literature, and a greater number of rationales for including NOS. All participants were enrolled in the “Inquiry and Natures of Science, Technology, and Engineering” (INSTE) course. However, six participants were enrolled in INSTE as their first course in which NOS and NOSP were addressed. The other six participants were enrolled in INSTE as their second course in which NOS and NOSP were addressed, with science methods as their first course in which NOS and NOSP were addressed. By comparing participants enrolled in INSTE as their first course to those enrolled in INSTE as their second course, we observed that NOS understanding seemed to develop in a first experience alongside some NOS rationales, but NOSP views lagged for participants in INSTE as their first course. Participants enrolled in INSTE as their second course developed more robust and literature-aligned NOSP views and more multifaceted NOS rationales. Therefore, this study bolsters arguments that teachers need to receive extended NOS and NOSP instruction.     

Students' Views of Science and Technology When Entering University

We conducted a survey of first year French University students for the purpose of discovering their views and opinions on the subject of Science and Technology. These views provide valuable information on that which is considered to be essential by the students, while having the advantage of a certain amount of detachment in relationship to the academic course content. Certain implications may be deduced concerning University teaching as well. Content analysis was used to study scientific titles and texts produced by the students; the resulting classification system made it possible to deduce the main ideas on themes such as scientific discovery and conquest, man's need to understand his environment, the future, etc.     

如何提高学生的《科学》观察效果

小学<科学>课的教学,不仅要教会学生观察科学奥秘的方法,发展学生的思维能力,更重要的是促进学生形成以观察能力为核心的富有个性的科学认知方式.在科学教学实践中我注重从以下几个方面来提高学生的观察效果.     

论理工科专业课程教学中加强群众观思想教学

理工科专业课程教学中,在教学内容上,有强调个人贡献,却忽视发明创造是来自广大人民群众生产实践的经验总结,是个人与团体思想相互碰撞、相互融合的现象;在教学方式或教学组织上,有只顾少数不顾多数,只强调独立思考却无视交流合作的情况。这种缺乏群众观思想的专业教学,容易使学生或教师产生目无集体、不懂合作、纪律涣散、自我利益至上的个人主义思想,不利于创新型和谐社会的建设。在理工科专业教学中融入思政要素,研究加强群众观教学的理念和方法具有重要的时代意义。     

传统创业课程对提高学生创业意向的作用研究——以南京理工大学为例

为了检验高校创业课程的针对性及实效性,本文对当前传统创业课程的满意度以及目前创业课程的开设效果进行调查研究。采取对单一小组前期测试和后期跟踪的方法,连续进行18周的试验。结果证实,目前的教学方式具有满意度高和较好的学习效果,但是对学生的创业意向没有显著影响,即创业课程只达到让学生提前了解未来工作的目的,而远未达到引导学生追求创业生涯的目标。     

关于高等教育与科学及科学技术的几点思考

近年来,科学及科学技术的迅猛发展给人类社会的方方面面带来了巨大影响,也给教育注入了新的活力,同时也带来了一些问题.高等教育区别于普通教育而有其特殊性.新兴的科学及科学技术与高等教育相互作用,如何在这两者之间权衡利弊,从而达到互利的平衡这一向题亟待解决.本文分别对教育与高等教育的相互关系,科学、科学技术与高等教育的相互作用进行了阐述和分折以期能够为此问题的解决作出一些贡献.     

Students' Views of Teaching

Abstract

Much To Do About Writing: Teaching and Assessing Writing By Edward M. White San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1985, 304 pages, $19.95. Reviewed by David Taylor

A Poignant, Colorful Portrait: Refugee Scholars in America: Their Impact and Their Experiences By Lewis A. Coser New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1984, xviii + 351 pages, $25.00. Reviewed by R. W. Franklin     

突出“实践”特色 建设工程光学精品课程

文章提出通过对工程光学课程按精品课的要求进行建设,在教学体系中增加光学设计、课程实习、课程设计和创新性实验四个环节,使学生可以将理论知识与实践相结合,并将所学理论直接应用于工程实践。突出特色建设精品课程的思路对其它课程的建设同样具有指导意义。     

大学光学课程的教学法探讨

光学在大学物理课堂上可以算是一门很重要的课程,不仅仅是当下需要大力发展的学科,更是社会发展所需要的。帮助学生能够利用自己所学的光学知识快速地融入社会是教师的责任,更是教师需要不断去研究的一门学问。通过对大学光学课堂教学法的探讨,可以提高学生在实际中对光学的应用。     

理科教师科学本质观调查研究

帮助学生适当理解科学本质观是科学教育的重要目标之一,也是培养学生科学素养的核心成分之一。教师具有理想的科学本质观是实现这一目标的必要条件。本研究的目的是了解理科教师的科学本质观现状,调查对象是51位初中理科教师,调查工具是含有9个开放式项目的问卷。调查表明,理科教师的科学本质观基本处于较为朴素的水平。论文对理科教师科学本质观现状从文化根源的角度进行了反思,提出了理科教师科学本质观发展的一些建议。     

《科学小实验课程》对幼师生科学素养培养的实践研究

公民科学素养成为国家综合实力的重要组成部分。科学素养的培养成为全民关注的重点问题。肩负未来公民科学素养启蒙的幼师生的科学素养培养成为亟待解决问题重中之重。"科学小实验课程"的教学实践及反馈证明该课程对幼师生科学素养的培养是一个切实可行的实践性研究。     

Views on College Students' English Learning Motivation

This paper aims at exploring college students’English learning motivation to language learning, including effort, inter?est, and attitudes. To some extent, it is very important to perform activities in...     

正念训练对大学生焦虑水平的影响

以9名自愿报名参加正念训练的大学生作为训练组,并在专业、性别相同和年龄相近的大学生中随机选取9名作为对照组。对训练组进行了4周的正念训练干预。干预前后以及训练结束后1个月采用状态-特质焦虑量表对两组施测。统计结果显示,正念训练对改善大学生特质焦虑水平有积极效果,并且维持效果较佳。     

The Use and Impact of Explicit Instruction about the Nature of Science and Science Inquiry in an Elementary Science Methods Course

Teachers' understanding of the nature of science(NOS) and science inquiry (SI) can be linked to the use of the teaching methods advocated by the currentscience education reforms. The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate an elementary science methodscourse in which the NOS and SI are embedded and explicitly taught. As a result of the course, incomingconceptions of science as primarily a body of knowledge changed to a more appropriate, blended view of science as abody of knowledge generated through the active application of scientific inquiry.     

Strategies and Activities for Initiating and Maintaining Pressure on Students' Naive Views Concerning the Nature of Science

Many science teachers devote a portion of their course to improving students' understanding of the nature of science. However, despite a one- or two-week effort, students often cling to their misconceptions. This tenacity is not surprising in light of conceptual change theory. How then are teachers to facilitate more contemporary portrayals of the nature of science? The key is to maintain in students a sense of dissatisfaction with their archaic notions of the nature of science. Drawing from my recent six year experience teaching high school biology and chemistry, this paper provides examples of how science teachers might initiate and maintain pressure on students' misconceptions regarding the nature of science, and facilitate student consideration of more contemporary views.     

大学生政治价值观的形成规律及启示

政治价值观是内在成长因素和外面环境因素双重作用的产物。大学生政治价值观是需求激发,认知加工和非理性因素调节的整合过程,进行大学生政治价值观教育要尊重规律,建立科学机制。     

当代大学生价值观困惑与引导

当代大学生在价值观方面有许多困惑。困惑的原因不仅有社会变化等环境因素,更有大学生自身生活阅历不足、心理发展不成熟等自身因素。这给思想政治教育提出了新课题。解决当代大学生价值观困惑,必须通过确立主导价值观加强价值观教育,改进学校德育工作,加强精神文明建设,重视家庭教育。