数字叙事交流结构浅析

交互叙事是利用数字媒介交互性特性展开的叙事方式.用户不但接受作者创作的叙事文本,还可以对文本作出反馈,形成新的叙事内容.与传统媒介叙事的单向交流不同,用户的参与改变了文本意义的流动路线,因此交互作品具有双向交流结构.西摩·查特曼在传统叙事"作者"作品"受众"三要素基础上细化单向叙事交流结构,指出:在真正作者和真正读者之间,还有一个详细的"叙事过程",由隐含作者、叙事者、叙事接受者和隐含读者构成,真正作者对意义阐释起主导作用.尤迪本-阿里在此基础上提出双向交流结构,明确指出数字媒介中受众身份的变化:除了接受叙事创作者的意图,还作出反应,参与意义构建,改变叙事系统,所以将交互叙事交流结构分为初始交互阶段和返回交互阶段,同时厘析叙事者和叙事接受者在叙事中受到的限制条件.交互叙事具有多线性、超文本和动态变化的特征,叙述者和叙事过程复杂.双向交流结构作为分析交互作品的一种代表性理论模型,清晰地阐释了交流过程存在的各个角色和环节,描绘完整的交互叙事过程,剖析角色受到限制的条件,为分析具体的数字交互作品提供了可行的理论框架指导,有助于交互叙事理论的进一步发展.     

简论电影与当代电视传播

电影与电视作为视听结合的大众传播媒介,对受众的冲击力强于单视或单听的传播媒介。随着科学技术发展和现实社会的需要,早于电视问世的电影其综合影响力不仅远逊于电视,其受众面也小于单视(报纸)或单听(广播)的大众传媒。本文试图从传播学的角度分析电视对电影的冲击以及电视如何传播电影从而扩大自身利益。     

An Overview of Modern Technologies Applications in Indian Libraries (Brief Communication)

India is one of the oldest civilizations with a kaleidoscopic variety and rich cultural heritage. It has achieved multi-faccted socio-economic progress during the last 47 years of its independence. This article reports on a survey of the usage of modern technologies (e.g. photocopiers, microfilming, computers, facsimile transmission, audio-visual, online searching and CD-ROMs) in Indian libraries. These libraries include university, engineering, scientific, medical, government and public libraries. The study used a questionnaire, personal visits to many libraries and interviews. The paper examines the impact of modern technologies on these libraries. It concludes with a summary of the problems faced by the librarians in adopting the modern technologies and suggests measures for implementation of modern technologies.     

Testing a Brief Scale Format Self-affirmation Induction for Use in Health Communication Research and Practice

ABSTRACT

Research on self-affirmation has potential to inform the field’s understanding of health message resistance and acceptance. However, widely used self-affirmation instruments have several disadvantages that can lead to inconsistent success in generating self-affirmation and thus may explain inconsistent self-affirmation effects, or at the very least make their use cumbersome. In a series of three sequential studies, we introduced and tested a brief attribute scale format self-affirmation induction (brief scale affirmation task, or B-SAT) that was based on the 32-item attribute scale self-affirmation induction developed by Napper, Harris, and Epton. Using different behavioral contexts, we compared the performance of the B-SAT with that of two widely used self-affirmation inductions, i.e., the value essay task and the 32-item attribute scale. From a convergent validity perspective, the B-SAT performed as effectively as the two existing inductions in making people aware of their cherished and desirable values. From a predictive validity perspective, the B-SAT reduced defensive responses to a self-relevant health message and improved instrumental attitude toward the recommended behavior.     

Communication

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES: VISIONS AND REALITIES edited by William H. Dutton (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996— price not given, ISBN 0–19–877459–1 hard, 0–19–877496–6 paper, 464 pp., figures, tables, notes, bibliography, index)

ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS by J. Vernon Jensen (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997—$49.95/ 27.50, ISBN 0–8058–2035–3 hard, 0–8058–2036–1 paper, 236 pp., notes, bibliography, index)

TEXT ANALYSIS FOR THE SOCIAL SCIENCES: METHODS FOR DRAWING STATISTICAL INFERENCES. FROM TEXTS AND TRANSCRIPTS edited by Carl W. Roberts (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997—$74.50/ 34.95, ISBN 0–8058–1734–4 hard, 0–8058–1735–2 paper, 316 pp., charts, notes, references, index)

TOTAL PROPAGANDA: FROM MASS CULTURE TO POPULAR CULTURE by Alex Edelstein (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997—$79.95/29.95, ISBN 0–8058–0892–2 hard, 0–8058–0892–2 paper, 345 pp., notes, index)

RELIGION, AND CULTURE by Stewart M. Hoover and Knut Lundby (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997‐$24.95, paper, ISBN 0–7619–0171‐X, 332 pp.. notes, index)     

简讯

文化领域一系列政策法规出台；第三届“中国国家数码互动娱乐产品及技术应用展览会”举办；全国网游收入24．7亿元的七成来自上海；国内首家外商独资图书批发企业落户南京；第二批49种含有虚假信息的图书名单公布；《出版物发行量核查指引》征求意见……     

International Communication

Armand Mattelart's Multinational Corporations and the Control of Culture: The Ideological Apparatuses of Imperialism (Brighton, Sussex: Harvester Press Ltd./Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press, 1979 ---$37.50)

Unesco, two other reports on media in developing nations

Statistics on Radio and Television, 1960-1976, Statistical Reports and Studios No. 23 (1979, 124 pp.---$4.75, paper)     

International Communication

Gerd D. Wallenstein, International Telecommunication Agreements (Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications, 1977—$175.00 for a two volume set)

Oswald H. Ganley and Gladys D. canley, International Implications of United States Communications and Information Resources (price is $990 with a discount for noncommercial institutions, paper)     

Foreign Communication

CSIS, two recent papers from

ELECTRONIC MEDIA AND POLITICS IN WESTERN EUROPE: EUROMEDIA RESEARCH GROUP HANDBOOK OF NATIONAL SYSTEMS edited by Hans J. Kleinsteuber, et al (Frankfurt and New York: Campus Verlag, 1986—price not given, paper)

THE POLITICS OF THE COMMUNICATION REVOLUTION IN WESTERN EUROPE edited by Kenneth Dyson and Peter Humphreys (London and Totowa, NJ: Frank Cass & Co., 1986—$29.50)

EMERGING CORPORATE INFORMATION NETWORKS: REGULATORY AND INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN JAPAN by Takashi Yokokura (Program on Information Resources Polic y, 200 Aiken, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138—price not given, paper)

WORLD BROADCASTING SYSTEMS: Update Notes, December 1987 by Sydney W. Head (available from Martha Sanchez, Kinko's Copies, 1212 South Dixie Highway, Coral Gables, FL 33146—$7.00 spiral bound)     

Political Communication

ELOQUENCE IN AN ELECTRONIC AGE: THE TRANSFORMATION OF POLITICAL SPEECHMAKING by Kathleen Hall Jamieson (New York: Oxford, 1988—$24.95, ISBN 0-10-503826-6)

TELEVISED PRESIDENTIAL DEBATES AND PUBLIC POLICY by Sidney Kraus (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1988—$14.95, paper, ISBN 0-8058-0008-5)

THE SPOT: THE RISE OF POLITICAL ADVERTISING ON TELEVISION by Edwin Diamond and Stephen Bates (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1988—$25.00/10.95, ISBNs 0-262-04095-6 and 0-262-54049-5)

THE ELECTRONIC COMMONWEALTH: THE IMPACT OF NEW MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES ON DEMOCRATIC POLITICS by Jeffrey B. Abramson, et al.(New York: Basic Books, 1988—$21.95, ISBN 0-465-01878-5)

TEE IOWA PRECINCT CAUCUSES: THE MAKING OF A MEDIA EVENT by Hugh Winebrenner (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1987—$15.95, ISBN 0-8138-1001-9)     

Communication technology

ELECTRONIC ENTERPRISES: LOOKING TO THE FUTURE by the Office of Technology Assessment (Washington: Government Printing Office, May 1994—$12.00, Superintendent of Documents No. 052–003–01375–4, 176 pp.)

INTELLIGENT NETWORKS by Jan Thorner (Norwood, MA: Artech, 1994—price not given, ISBN 0–89006–706–6, 191 pp.)

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY UPDATE edited by August E. Grant (Newton, MA: Focal Press, 1994— $34.95, paper, ISBN 0–7506–9593–5, 350 pp.)

NAB 1993 GUIDE TO HDTV IMPLEMENTATION COSTS by S. Merrill Weiss and Rupert L. Stow (1993—$75.00, paper, ISBN 0–89324–167–9, about 200 pp.)

UNDERSTANDING DAB: A GUIDE FOR BROADCAST MANAGERS & ENGINEERS by Kenneth Springer and Janella Newsome (1994—$40,00, paper, ISBN 0–89324–152–0, 167 pp.)

DBS: THE TIME IS NOW by Michael S. Alpert and Marcia L. De Sonne (1994—$29.50, paper, ISBN 0–89324–213–6, 150 pp.)

CONVERGENCE: TRANSITION TO THE ELECTRONIC SUPERHIGHWAY edited by Marcia L. De Sonne (1994—$395, paper, ISBN 0–89324–212–8,260 pp.)

MULTIMEDIA WORLD JOURNAL (1994—$50.00, paper. ISBN 0–89324–217–5, 528 pp.)

1994 FM SUBCARRIER MARKET REPORT by Kenneth D. Springer and Mark R. Fratrik (1994_$30.00, paper, ISBN 0–89324–215–2, 17 pp.)

DICTIONARY OF IMAGE TECHNOLOGY by BKSTS (Newton,MA: Focal Press, 1994— $29.95, paper, ISBN 0–240–51364–9, 168 pp.)

PUBLIC TELEVISION IN THE INFORMATION AGE by James Trautman and Paul Bortz (Association of America's Public Television Stations, 1350 Connecticut Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20036—apparently free on request, paper, 45 pp.)

COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY FOR EVERYONE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CLASSROOM AND BEYOND by Peter David Blanck (Washington: Annenberg Program, 1994—free on request, 24 pp.)     

Communication Research

INSIDE FAMILY VIEWING: ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH ON TELEVISION'S AUDIENCES by James Lull (New York: Routledge, 1991—$55.00/17.95, ISBN 0-415-04414-6 hard, 0-415-04997-0 paper, 190 pp.)

PROGRESS IN COMMUNICATION SCIENCES, VOLUME X edited by Brenda Dervin and Melvin Voigt (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1991—$75.00 institutional price/$35.00 personal price, ISBN 0-89391-645-5, 336 pp.)

MEDIA RESEARCH TECHNIQUES by Arthur Asa Berger (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1991—$28.00/14.00, ISBN 0-8039-4179-X hard, 0-8039-4180-3, 148 pp.)

THE ANNUAL REVIEW 1990 by the Institute for Information Studies (a joint project of the Aspen Institute and Northern Telecom; for information write to Aspen Institute, Wye Center, PO Box 222, Queenstown, MD 21658, price not given, paper, ISBN 0-89843-094-0, 249 pp.)

COMMUNICATION THEORY: A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION ASSOCIATION (Guilford Publications, 72 Spring St., New York, NY 10012—$60 for institutions/$30 for individuals, ISSN 1050-3293, quarterly)

CINCOM: COURSES IN COMMUNICATIONS 1989 compiled by Communications Library (Communications Institute, Lockbox 5891, 1535 Francisco St., San Francisco, CA 94101-5891—$35.00, paper, ISSN 0742-3632 and ISBN 0-934339-95-3, 100 pp.)

SESAME STREET RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY: SELECTED CITATIONS RELATING TO SESAME STREET, 1969-1989 (June 1990, xx pp.)

WHAT RESEARCH INDICATES ABOUT THE EDUCATIONAL EFFECTS OF SESAME STREET (February 1991, 14 pp.)

“CHILDREN'S LEARNING FROM TELEVISION: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AT THE CHILDREN'S TELEVISION WORKSHOP,” Educational Technology Research and Development 38:4 (1990, 96 pp. ISSN 1042-1629)

SESAME STREET RESEARCH: A 20th ANNIVERSARY SYMPOSIUM (1990, 96 pp.)

CONTACT 1-2-3: RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY (June 1990, 43 pp.)

GANNETT CENTER JOURNAL: “HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE INFORMATION AGE,” (Spring-Summer 1991, Vol 5, Nos. 2-3)

GANNETT CENTER JOURNAL: “MEDIA AND AMERICA'S SCHOOLS,” (Winter 1991, Vol 5, No. 1); both available from Gannett Center Journal, Columbia University, 2950 Broadway, New York, NY 10027—$5.00, paper, each, ISSN 0893-8342)

EXTENDING TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICE TO AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES by Stuart Brotman (Annenberg Washington Program, 1455 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20004—free on request, paper, no ISBN given, 53 pp.)     

International Communication

COMMUNICATIONS IN A CHANGING WORLD (Washington, D.C.: The Media Institute, 1983---two volumes, paper, price not given)

THE ABC OF COPYRIGHT (Paris: Unesco/New York: Unipub, 1981---paper, price not given)

MILITARY PROPAGANDA: PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE AND OPERATIONS by Ron D. McLaurin (New York: Praeger, 1982---price not given)

TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN THE YEAR 2000: NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES edited by Indu B. Singh (Norwood, N.J.: Ablex, 1983---$24.95)

THE EDUCATIONAL USE OF MASS MEDIA by Gloria Feliciano, et al. (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1981---$5.00, paper)

POWERS OF THE PRESS: TWELVE OF THE WORLD'S INFLUENTIAL NEWSPAPERS by Martin Walker (New York: Pilgrim Press, 1983---price not given)

THE PHONOGRAM IN CULTURAL COMMUNICATION: REPORT ON A RESEARCH PROJECT UNDERTAKEN BY MEDICAULT, edited by K. Blaukopf (New York and Vienna: Springer-Verlag, 1982---$23.60, paper)