数字叙事交流结构浅析

交互叙事是利用数字媒介交互性特性展开的叙事方式.用户不但接受作者创作的叙事文本,还可以对文本作出反馈,形成新的叙事内容.与传统媒介叙事的单向交流不同,用户的参与改变了文本意义的流动路线,因此交互作品具有双向交流结构.西摩·查特曼在传统叙事"作者"作品"受众"三要素基础上细化单向叙事交流结构,指出:在真正作者和真正读者之间,还有一个详细的"叙事过程",由隐含作者、叙事者、叙事接受者和隐含读者构成,真正作者对意义阐释起主导作用.尤迪本-阿里在此基础上提出双向交流结构,明确指出数字媒介中受众身份的变化:除了接受叙事创作者的意图,还作出反应,参与意义构建,改变叙事系统,所以将交互叙事交流结构分为初始交互阶段和返回交互阶段,同时厘析叙事者和叙事接受者在叙事中受到的限制条件.交互叙事具有多线性、超文本和动态变化的特征,叙述者和叙事过程复杂.双向交流结构作为分析交互作品的一种代表性理论模型,清晰地阐释了交流过程存在的各个角色和环节,描绘完整的交互叙事过程,剖析角色受到限制的条件,为分析具体的数字交互作品提供了可行的理论框架指导,有助于交互叙事理论的进一步发展.     

简论电影与当代电视传播

电影与电视作为视听结合的大众传播媒介,对受众的冲击力强于单视或单听的传播媒介。随着科学技术发展和现实社会的需要,早于电视问世的电影其综合影响力不仅远逊于电视,其受众面也小于单视(报纸)或单听(广播)的大众传媒。本文试图从传播学的角度分析电视对电影的冲击以及电视如何传播电影从而扩大自身利益。     

An Overview of Modern Technologies Applications in Indian Libraries (Brief Communication)

India is one of the oldest civilizations with a kaleidoscopic variety and rich cultural heritage. It has achieved multi-faccted socio-economic progress during the last 47 years of its independence. This article reports on a survey of the usage of modern technologies (e.g. photocopiers, microfilming, computers, facsimile transmission, audio-visual, online searching and CD-ROMs) in Indian libraries. These libraries include university, engineering, scientific, medical, government and public libraries. The study used a questionnaire, personal visits to many libraries and interviews. The paper examines the impact of modern technologies on these libraries. It concludes with a summary of the problems faced by the librarians in adopting the modern technologies and suggests measures for implementation of modern technologies.     

Testing a Brief Scale Format Self-affirmation Induction for Use in Health Communication Research and Practice

ABSTRACT

Research on self-affirmation has potential to inform the field’s understanding of health message resistance and acceptance. However, widely used self-affirmation instruments have several disadvantages that can lead to inconsistent success in generating self-affirmation and thus may explain inconsistent self-affirmation effects, or at the very least make their use cumbersome. In a series of three sequential studies, we introduced and tested a brief attribute scale format self-affirmation induction (brief scale affirmation task, or B-SAT) that was based on the 32-item attribute scale self-affirmation induction developed by Napper, Harris, and Epton. Using different behavioral contexts, we compared the performance of the B-SAT with that of two widely used self-affirmation inductions, i.e., the value essay task and the 32-item attribute scale. From a convergent validity perspective, the B-SAT performed as effectively as the two existing inductions in making people aware of their cherished and desirable values. From a predictive validity perspective, the B-SAT reduced defensive responses to a self-relevant health message and improved instrumental attitude toward the recommended behavior.     

Libraries,Literacy and Development: Combined Libraries as an Option for Developing Countries: A Brief Communication

Public and school library development has been slow in Third World countries. This can only be overcome by a shift in perception whereby libraries become important to national development and educational and literacy goals. When considering transformation in library mission and delivery systems, combined school and public libraries offer an alternate and innovative model. Research has determined conditions under which combined libraries are successful and when these success factors and conditions in developing countries are juxtaposed, striking correlations appear. Combined libraries may offer the integration necessary in a climate of scarcity; they may provide the framework in which libraries can serve all the people by contributing to a literate environment and literacy efforts, while supporting formal education and development programs.     

Communication

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES: VISIONS AND REALITIES edited by William H. Dutton (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996— price not given, ISBN 0–19–877459–1 hard, 0–19–877496–6 paper, 464 pp., figures, tables, notes, bibliography, index)

ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS by J. Vernon Jensen (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997—$49.95/ 27.50, ISBN 0–8058–2035–3 hard, 0–8058–2036–1 paper, 236 pp., notes, bibliography, index)

TEXT ANALYSIS FOR THE SOCIAL SCIENCES: METHODS FOR DRAWING STATISTICAL INFERENCES. FROM TEXTS AND TRANSCRIPTS edited by Carl W. Roberts (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997—$74.50/ 34.95, ISBN 0–8058–1734–4 hard, 0–8058–1735–2 paper, 316 pp., charts, notes, references, index)

TOTAL PROPAGANDA: FROM MASS CULTURE TO POPULAR CULTURE by Alex Edelstein (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997—$79.95/29.95, ISBN 0–8058–0892–2 hard, 0–8058–0892–2 paper, 345 pp., notes, index)

RELIGION, AND CULTURE by Stewart M. Hoover and Knut Lundby (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997‐$24.95, paper, ISBN 0–7619–0171‐X, 332 pp.. notes, index)     

Communication

MEDIA ECONOMICS: THEORY AND PRACTICE edited by Alison Alexander, James Owers and Rod Carveth (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1993— price not given, paper, ISBN 0–8058–1307–1, 391 pp.)

MEDIA MANAGEMENT: A CASEBOOK APPROACH by Stephen Lacy, Ardyth B. Sohn and Jan LeBlanc Wicks (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1993—price not given, paper, ISBN 0–8058–1308‐X, 391 pp.)

MEDIA ANTHROPOLOGY: INFORMING GLOBAL CITIZENS edited by Susan L. Allen (Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey/Greenwood, 1994—$49.95, ISBN 0–89789–342–5, 208 pp.)     

简讯

文化领域一系列政策法规出台；第三届“中国国家数码互动娱乐产品及技术应用展览会”举办；全国网游收入24．7亿元的七成来自上海；国内首家外商独资图书批发企业落户南京；第二批49种含有虚假信息的图书名单公布；《出版物发行量核查指引》征求意见……     

Enhancing Communication Interventions and Evaluations through Communication Design

Communication design is first and foremost about creating, engineering, or critiquing approaches to communication that achieve specific goals or values. A design approach acts as an integrative perspective for finding the relevance of theory to a specific site of intervention. Communication design processes are illustrated through work on ombuds processes and organ donation campaigns. This research highlights four propositions related to communication design. First, design should be about both creation and critique. Second, design is complementary to, and strengthens, theory (and vice versa). Third, design can be both unique to an intervention or context and iterative from previous designs. Finally, design helps us uncover unexpected and unintended consequences, uncovering hidden properties of communication and leading to opportunities for modifying and correcting communication practices. These unintended consequences and other design successes and failures provide opportunities for learning and creating better systems. In these ways, a commitment to design processes strengthens both our research and our practice of communication across a variety of communication contexts and across different levels of communication.     

试论传播学研究的多元方法

本文分析了镜式、灯式、神话式等三种传播研究方式,认为我国传播学研究存在三种态势,建议我国的传播学研究走“学术趣味”+“现实关怀”的道路。     

International Communication

Armand Mattelart's Multinational Corporations and the Control of Culture: The Ideological Apparatuses of Imperialism (Brighton, Sussex: Harvester Press Ltd./Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press, 1979 ---$37.50)

Unesco, two other reports on media in developing nations

Statistics on Radio and Television, 1960-1976, Statistical Reports and Studios No. 23 (1979, 124 pp.---$4.75, paper)