The genius of Erasmus Darwin. The International Conference and Commemoration of the Bicentenary of the Death of Erasmus Darwin was held in Lichfield,Staffordshire from 19-22 April 2002

In a concluding session, David Knight (University of Durham) took the title '"One great slaughter-house the warring world"--living in revolutionary times'. He pointed out that Darwinian thought had to contend with three revolutions. First, the political revolutions of 1776 and 1789, leading to the terror of the 1790s that washed over the English Midlands leaving Priesley's house burnt and Priestley himself exiled to America. Second, the scientific revolution, which valued exact knowledge and specialism rather than wide syntheses. Third, the Romantic revolution which emphasized the tragic rather than the cheerful optimism of Darwin's heroic couplets. For all these reasons Darwin's influence waned. However, Knight finished on an optimistic note that echoed King-Hele's opening address, saying that in our own times, as suspicion of experts grows, and some, at least, see science as a liberating force, Darwin's fame may recover. Negotiations are in process for the publication of the proceedings under the title 'The genius of Erasmus Darwin: proceedings of a bicentennial conference', and a website has been constructed that contains details of all speakers (http://www.bham.ac.uk/erasmusdarwin/).     

常见的分区故障和解决方法

简要的说明分区修复的重要性以及分区表和DOS引导记录区被破坏的主要原因。然后对分区表和DOS引导记录区的结构进行分析;并通过实例说明分区表和DBR在无备份的情况下的正确恢复方法和处理过程。     

常见的分区故障和解决方法

简要的说明分区修复的重要性以及分区表和DOS引导记录区被破坏的主要原因。然后对分区表和DOS引导记录区的结构进行分析：并通过实例说明分区表和DBR在无备份的情况下的正确恢复方法和处理过程。     

A tale of a 'middle' tail

<正>Zhongornis refers to a‘middle’or‘intermediate’bird because its tail was claimed to be transitional between primitive birds with a long bony tail(such as Archaeopteryx and Jeholornis)and those with a short tail ending in a fused tip called the pygostyle(such as Confuciusornis)[1].his inding is signiicant,as it appeared to ill a‘gap’at a critical stage     

达尔文年的“非达尔文”学者 西科德教授访谈录

<正>作者注此访谈曾以英文形式发表于《剑桥研究杂志》(Journal of Cambridge Studies)第4卷第4期,中文版文字略有修改,注解均为我这次新加,以补充必要的背景。在我对剑桥大学科学史与科学哲学系进行学术访问期间(2008年9月至     

A tale of two textbooks: Experiments in genre

Though the notion of a scientific textbook has been around for almost three centuries, the category has hardly been stable. The plasticity of the textbook genre may be illustrated by recent variations as well as long-term trends. In this brief essay I examine two idiosyncratic but highly successful physics books, each published in the mid 1970s, whose production, marketing, and adoption reveal some of the slippage between such categories as textbook, scholarly monograph, and popular best seller.     

Mobility in China, 2020: a tale of four phases

2020 was an unprecedented year, with rapid and drastic changes in human mobility due to the COVID-19 pandemic. To understand the variation in commuting patterns among the Chinese population across stable and unstable periods, we used nationwide mobility data from 318 million mobile phone users in China to examine the extreme fluctuations of population movements in 2020, ranging from the Lunar New Year travel season (chunyun), to the exceptional calm of COVID-19 lockdown, and then to the recovery period. We observed that cross-city movements, which increased substantially in chunyun and then dropped sharply during the lockdown, are primarily dependent on travel distance and the socio-economic development of cities. Following the Lunar New Year holiday, national mobility remained low until mid-February, and COVID-19 interventions delayed more than 72.89 million people returning to large cities. Mobility network analysis revealed clusters of highly connected cities, conforming to the social-economic division of urban agglomerations in China. While the mass migration back to large cities was delayed, smaller cities connected more densely to form new clusters. During the recovery period after travel restrictions were lifted, the netflows of over 55% city pairs reversed in direction compared to before the lockdown. These findings offer the most comprehensive picture of Chinese mobility at fine resolution across various scenarios in China and are of critical importance for decision making regarding future public-health-emergency response, transportation planning and regional economic development, among others.     

Two pills,two paths: a tale of gender bias

In Japan, it took over 30 years to register the contraceptive Pill, but it took only six months to approve Viagra. The Pill was developed in an academic institution and no large pharmaceutical manufacturer wished to market it. Viagra was developed inside a big company and actively promoted. In the USA, the Pill was almost removed from the market because of widely publicized reports of deaths, but mortalities associated with Viagra do not make the headlines. Viagra has been promoted by the famous, whilst those who use the Pill do not appear in advertisements. Even theologians have treated these two drugs according to different standards. It is suggested that this asymmetry is not accidental, but is an expression of a deep-seated dual standard that is ultimately driven by biosocial differences in male and female power, and reproductive agendas rooted in human evolution.     

A tale of two literatures: Transaction costs and property rights in innovation outsourcing

This paper investigates the relative importance of property rights and transactions cost factors in driving the decision of firms to outsource innovation. Using data for over 8000 firms from the UK Community Innovation Survey, we find that property right factors dominate over transaction cost factors. Transaction cost variables are more important for process innovation, while property rights variables are more significant for firms involved in product innovation. In addition, we find that firms involved in process innovation have a higher probability of outsourcing innovation than firms involved in product innovation.     

Dealing with environment crisis in a big way

While scoring remarkable achievements in economic growth and comprehensive strength improvement over the past threedecades, China is facing ever graver environmental problems, which degrade the living conditions of Chinese people and endanger their health in various degrees, says a research panel of the CAS Academic Divisions.     

试论国有建筑企业实现良性循环的途径

通过对影响和制约国有建筑企业良性循环的外部环境因素和内部环境因素的分析，提出了在宏观上要转变政府职能，加大政策调控力度，引导企业加速建立资本运营的新机制，规范建筑市场，加强执法监察；在微观上要加大企业自身股份制改造方案，促进企业生产要素优化组合，强化企业内部管理，加速企业技术进步等对策和途径，实现国有建筑企业的良性循环。     

一种用Word生成镜像文件的方法

HP LaserJet 4V/4MV Post Script打印机具有图形功能，能将Microsoft Word文档解释为以*.prn格式的镜像图形文件。Ghost软件能读取、预览、打印以*.prn格式存储的文档。     

基于主成分分析法的省域科技创新体系评价模型构建

在国内外科技创新评价指标体系研究的基础上进行改进与扩充,构建我国省域科技创新体系评价指标体系,建立基于主成分分析的省域科技创新体系评价模型,并采用全国31个省、市、自治区2012年的科技创新状况数据进行实证研究。研究结果表明,目前我国企业在省域科技创新体系中的主体地位并未得到彰显,而研发机构和高等院校的作用更为明显,科技公共服务的完善能够在很大程度上激发省域科技创新;我国东中西部省域科技创新体系绩效表现出的地区差异较大。