Serum adenosine deaminase in carcinoma breast

Serum Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) activity was studied in 20 control cases and 32 patients with carcinoma breast. In control group the ADA activity ranged from 13–94 IU/L with a mean of 43.75±21.55 IU/L while in patients of carcinoma breast it was 16–95 IU/L with a mean of 47.46±22.54 IU/L, but these values were not statistically different. The ADA activity was also compared with other parameters in patients of carcinoma breast but the difference was not statistically significant in the various parameters like duration of disease, menopausal status, tumor size, hemoglobin level, total leucocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count, total serum proteins, serum albumin, histological grade of tumor and lymphocytic infiltration. The only significant difference in ADA activity was when N1 status of lymph node was compared with N2 status of lymph node.     

浅谈母乳喂养的作用与分娩前后乳房的护理

妇女妊娠是一种生理过程，但也有少数孕妇有可能发生病理变化，影响孕妇、胎儿和新生儿的健康，甚至还会对婴儿的智力发育产生更深远的影响。如能及时给予孕期保健或指导，做好早期预防，许多病理性变化是可以避免或转化的。妊娠期新陈代谢旺盛，孕妇的汗腺、皮脂腺分泌增多，乳腺分泌过量，乳房的血管及淋巴扩张，使乳汗淤积而引起乳房胀痛感，应积极指导喂奶和乳房的护理.     

Serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase in breast cancer

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) levels were estimated in the sera of patients with breast cancer and compared with those of benign breast diseases and healthy controls. Serum gamma-GT levels were found to be significantly increased in patients with breast cancer compared to the controls as well as benign breast diseases. The rise however, was nearly same in all the patients irrespective of histopathology of cancer but was directly related to tumour mass. After mastectomy the levels remained higher upto 3 months. In patients with cancer the rise in serum gamma-GT was significantly higher as compared to those with benign breast diseases. Although gamma-GT is an index of liver diseases, its high level in breast carcinoma suggests the release of the membrane bound constituents from different tissues even in carcinoma.     

Plasma vitamin E levels in carcinoma breast

Plasma vitamin E levels were estimated in 75 patients each of carcinoma breast and benign breast diseases. Mean plasma vitamin E concentration was found to be significantly reduced in malignancy compared to the controls as well as the non malignant conditions. The decrease in plasma vitamin E in cancer patients was directly related with the TNM stage of cancer. The levels, however, did not vary significantly with respect to histopathology or after 8 days of surgery.     

Sex hormone binding globulin in breast cancer

The present study was undertaken to determine the significance of sex hormone binding globulin, the major and specific binding protein for testosterone and estradiol, in breast cancer. Among breast cancer patients, lower serum levels of Sex hormone binding globulin and higher levels of testosterone were observed. Sex hormone binding globulin showed an inverse relationship with testosterone and total cholesterol, and a direct relation with HDL-cholesterol. By the western blot analyses, Sex hormone binding globulin was detected in all biological samples that we examined. In the breast tumor tissue sections, immuno-staining for Sex hormone binding globulin was confined in cell cytoplasm and 29% cases were positive, which showed no association with the investigated prognostic markers of breast cancer such as ER and HER-2/neu over-expression. In this study, decreased circulating levels of Sex hormone binding globulin in breast cancer patients possibly indicate higher bioavailable estrogens.     

Lay experts and the politics of breast implants

This paper discusses the controversy around breast implants in the United States and Europe. It focuses on the emergence of consumer and support groups for women and offers an analysis of the role they have played in recent policy developments in UK and Europe. The politics of breast implants is seen as a politics of knowledge in which scientific expertise has consistently been deployed in ways that minimize the credibility and legitimacy of women's accounts of their bodies and illness experiences. These women have been doubly disadvantaged in a policy debate that turns on scientific controversy and uncertainty. This implies a gendered dynamic to the changing relations of knowledge and expertise. The paper contributes to an understanding of the relations between regulators, manufacturers, users, and clinicians in the global medical device industry and to wider debates around the public understanding of science.     

New directive of raloxifene for breast cancer therapy

A survey conducted in 2002 indicates the rising health risks among users of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), an approach for treating menopausal symptoms. Since then, the therapy has been under intense debate about its utility and safety, making patients turn away and search for new treatments.     

中药对乳腺癌内分泌治疗的减毒作用研究

中药治疗乳腺癌有着广泛的临床适应证,尤其在内分泌治疗毒副反应研究方面有着显著的优势。对提高患者生存率,降低复发转移率,改善患者的生活质量具有极其重要的临床意义和广泛的应用前景。     

TPSTM a circulating tumor marker in breast cancer

Tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) measures an antigenic determinant associated with human cytokeratin 18. TPS is a marker of tumor cell activity in contrast to markers related to tumor burden. The value of detecting circulating TPS lies in the early detection of recurrence by serial determinations and in the rapid assessment of the efficacy of the treatment. Pretreatment levels of TPS in patients with metastatic breast cancer are related with prognosis. Decreasing TPS levels during therapy monitoring indicate response and a fast response is correlated to favourable prognosis. Increasing TPS levels, in the presence of clinically stable disease or partial remission, predict disease progression with a considerable lead-time. Improved effectiveness in breast cancer management can be seen when TPS is used in combination with CA 15-3. When tumor marker determinations are applied in a proper way in the appropriate situation, the results can assist the oncologist. Thus monitoring of therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer should be based upon serial TPS and CA 15-3 determinations in serum. The use of tumor marker determinations in the early follow-up interval following surgery to detect early tumor recurrence may be simpler, more sensitive and less expensive than imaging methods.     

Serum total PSA and free PSA in breast tumors

Now a days measurement of molecular forms of PSA has gained importance in clinical practice. Several studies have demonstrated the production of PSA in female tissues, such as breast. The present piece of work has been undertaken with an objective to estimate the relative proportion of the molecular forms of PSA in serum along with serum testosterone in benign and malignant breast tumor cases and to analyze their association with the severity of the disease process 34 malignant and 26 benign breast disease cases along with 33 healthy controls of same age group were enrolled in this study for evaluation. Serum testosterone was measured by ELISA, whereas serum total PSA (TPSA) and free PSA (FPSA) were estimated by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. A significant rise of fasting plasma glucose along with prominent dyslipidemia was observed in breast tumor cases. Marked rise in serum testosterone as well as TPSA and FPSA was documented in both benign and malignant breast tumor cases. Serum testosterone revealed a significant positive association with both TPSA and FPSA pointing towards an etiological association between them. However, surgical removal of tumor mass resulted in a marked decline of presurgical value of both TPSA and FPSA with a non-significant fall in serum testosterone revealing tumor tissue as the source of FPSA and TPSA. Thus, estimation of PSA provides prognostic information that may assist in future treatment.     

隆乳术后常见并发症的预防研究进展

随着职业女性社交活动频繁增多,女性更加注意自己的外表形象。隆乳术虽然能改变先天性或后天性乳房形态不良,给女性以完美的身材曲线,但处理不当易导致各种并发症。文章通过对预防隆乳术后并发症研究进展的介绍,给临床医生施术提供参考。     

A novel intelligent classification model for breast cancer diagnosis

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. Accurate and early detection of breast cancer can ensure long-term surviving for the patients. However, traditional classification algorithms usually aim only to maximize the classification accuracy, failing to take into consideration the misclassification costs between different categories. Furthermore, the costs associated with missing a cancer case (false negative) are clearly much higher than those of mislabeling a benign one (false positive). To overcome this drawback and further improving the classification accuracy of the breast cancer diagnosis, in this work, a novel breast cancer intelligent diagnosis approach has been proposed, which employed information gain directed simulated annealing genetic algorithm wrapper (IGSAGAW) for feature selection, in this process, we performs the ranking of features according to IG algorithm, and extracting the top m optimal feature utilized the cost sensitive support vector machine (CSSVM) learning algorithm. Our proposed feature selection approach which can not only help to reduce the complexity of SAGASW algorithm and effectively extracting the optimal feature subset to a certain extent, but it can also obtain the maximum classification accuracy and minimum misclassification cost. The efficacy of our proposed approach is tested on Wisconsin Original Breast Cancer (WBC) and Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) breast cancer data sets, and the results demonstrate that our proposed hybrid algorithm outperforms other comparison methods. The main objective of this study was to apply our research in real clinical diagnostic system and thereby assist clinical physicians in making correct and effective decisions in the future. Moreover our proposed method could also be applied to other illness diagnosis.     

Watching the race to find the breast cancer genes

This article focuses on a crucial development in genetic research that occurred in the 1990s: the identification of the first two of the genes responsible for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (BRCA1 and BRCA2). Issues addressed touch on the evolution of the subfield, its potential impact on cancer treatment, and industry involvement. The article follows the activities of the various research groups competing in the race to identify the genes and depicts the frequent conflicts between them. Data are derived chiefly from a bibliometric database. The results show a diversity of research practices. Industrial researchers interacted within far more tightly knit networks than their counterparts working in public organizations. The patenting and commercial exploitation of results led to fierce battles, with one group capturing most of the benefits.     

Glycoprotein components in the serum of patients with cancer breast

The levels of total sialic acid, lipid bound sialic acid and fucose were estimated in the sera of patients with benign and malignant tumours of breast. An increase was noted in all the three parameters, with a more marked increase in malignancy, when compared with benign and controls. Consequent to surgery, there was an elevation in the serum levels of the above parameters than the values prior to surgery and a decline was noted two months after surgery although none of the values reached the normal range. These results suggest a close association of the glycoproteins with the tumour burden and further signify their role in early detection and staging of cancer breast.     

针灸治疗乳房发育不良的血清学研究

目的:观察针灸疗法对乳房发育不良患者的血清雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)水平的影响。方法:将乳房扁平或偏小病例80例,随机分为针灸丰乳治疗组40例和电子吸啜健胸仪丰乳对照组40例,治疗前后分别测量每例的血清雌、孕激素水平。结果:治疗组中血清E2、P水平较对照组血清E2、P水平明显升高。结论:针灸治疗能明显升高乳房发育不良患者的血清E2、P水平,从而达到丰乳的效果。     

基于企业文化的平衡计分卡研究

企业文化对经营绩效的影响已经愈发受到重视,通过植根于员工价值观的塑造,组织行为的引导,促进员工个人绩效的提高,进而影响企业整体绩效;平衡积分卡在传递企业战略、明确绩效指标和标准方面有着完善的体系。企业文化与平衡计分卡的有机结合,将有利于学者对平衡计分卡从企业文化角度的进行深度剖析,从价值观等文化层面引导员工,与企业共进退,提高企业整体业绩。     

On electrets

(I) Evidence has been given that the so-called permanent electrets of Eguchi are not permanent, but that their polarization decays with the time. At room temperatures this decay is too slow to be observed directly; but it is the decay of the polarization that, at least in part, accounts for the presence of the free charges that are always observed. At higher temperatures the results that have been obtained are consistent with the view that the rate of decay of the polarization increases very rapidly with the temperature; so much so that the polarization may be almost completely destroyed at a temperature which is not high enough to cause any appreciable softening of the waxes that form the substance of the electrets.(2) As is to be expected from Lord Kelvin's hypothesis as to the cause of pyro-electricity, these electrets have been shown to possess the pyro-electric property.(3) The piezo-electric effect, which always accompanies the pyro-electric property, has been shown to be exhibited by these electrets.