African American Father Involvement and Preschool Children's School Readiness

A developmental ecological model was used to identify child attributes, father characteristics, and familial factors associated with multidimensional father involvement with preschool children enrolled in Head Start. The relations between father involvement and children's school readiness were also investigated. Eighty-five African American fathers and father figures were surveyed about their involvement in child care, home-based educational and school-based educational activities. Children's school readiness competencies were evaluated via teacher report or direct assessment. Father involvement in child care and home-based educational activities were predicted by different contextual factors and child attributes. Fathers were more involved in child care activities when they lived in a child's home and when a child was highly emotional. Fathers who perceived the existence of a strong parenting alliance reported more involvement in home-based educational activities. Father involvement in child care and home-based educational activities was associated with higher levels of children's emotion regulation. Findings are consistent with a contextual, multidimensional perspective of African American fathering and hold policy implications for fatherhood initiatives in the early childhood education field. Efforts to increase father involvement may be most effective when addressing the multitude of influences on fathering behavior and focusing on father-child activities that occur outside of the preschool setting.     

African American Othermothering in the Urban Elementary School

Othermothering and community othermothering can be defined as African American women's maternal assistance offered to the children of blood mothers within the African American community. Originally traced to slavery, othermothering was a survival mechanism that served as a vehicle for educational and cultural transmission. Currently, an othermothering tradition exists within the urban elementary-school context, and African American female educators play an integral role in fulfilling the pyschoeducational needs of the urban child. By employing a qualitative methodology, this article presents two biographical portraits that examine othermothering by a young elementary-school principal and community othermothering by a fifth-grade elementary-school teacher with 25 years of experience in the urban classroom.     

美国的家庭学校

家庭学校是美国五花八门的教育形式中的一种。本文介绍了美国家庭学校的概况、开办原因,介绍了家庭学校的开办规则及课程安排,对美国家庭学校的利弊也进行了分析。     

The Attitudes and Practices that Shape Children's Drawing Experience at Home and at School

Concept: Few empirical studies have investigated the influence of teachers, parents and children on children's drawing experience. The current study aims to examine the attitudes and practices of these three key players that shape children's drawing experience. Method: A survey methodology was used, as typically found in previous research in this area. Participants were 270 5–14 year old children, 44 of their teachers of the National Curriculum for Art and Design, and 146 of their parents. The teachers and children participated in individual interviews and the parents completed a postal survey. Responses to most interview questions were transcribed and content analysis used to identify salient themes. The other questions involved responses on five‐point scales, these were analysed by reporting percentages. Results: The findings are discussed in five sections. First, the positive perceptions of children's drawing behaviour and attitudes. Second, the perceived importance and principal aims of the National Curriculum for Art and Design Education. Third, the numerous sources of encouragement and support for drawing development. Fourth, the differing perceptions of what constitutes a good and bad drawing. Fifth, issues surrounding an age‐related decline in children's drawing activity. Conclusions: The findings are related to theories of drawing education, and implications for children's drawings and drawing pedagogy are discussed.     

Parenting and Children's Behavior at 36 Months: Equivalence Between African American and European American Mother - Child Dyads

Objective. This study examines the similarity of parenting and the associations between maternal behavior and child problem and prosocial behavior across two racial groups. Design. Using data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care (SECC), analyses included an examination of the comparability of maternal and child behavior between African American (n = 123) and European American (n = 953) families using multiple-group mean and covariance structures analysis (MACS). Observational data from two mother - child activities and maternal report of child behavior were used to construct three parenting and four child latent constructs. Results. Comparable measures of parenting (Responsive, Harsh, and Intrusive), child problem behavior (Externalizing and Internalizing), and child prosocial behavior (Compliance and Expressiveness) were found using partial invariance methods across racial groups. The associations between harsh, intrusive and responsive parenting and child behaviors were found to be similar across racial groups. Conclusions. Generality in the organization of parenting and similarity in their association to child behavior obtain across racial groups.     

Tangles and Glimmers: How African Immigrant Students in an Urban Charter School Describe Congruencies and Disconnections in Caring Between Home and School

The Urban Review - Misalignments in caring between home and school can often be a source of alienation for minoritized students. This study explores how African immigrant middle school students at...     

民族团结教育中的学校教育与家庭教育研究

民族团结教育是培养中华民族共同体意识形成至关重要的工作,关系到各民族之间协同奋进、繁荣发展,关系到国内社会的安定与团结.坚定不移的开展民族团结教育,发挥学校民族团结教育与家庭民族团结教育的重要阵地作用,是培养各民族学生爱国情怀,促进各民族平等团结、共同繁荣,维护国家的稳定与长治久安的有效手段.     

A Comparison of Pre-Verbal Communication at Home and at School

This study of pre-verbal communication in four young children with severe learning difficulties compares the nature and function of their communications at home and at school. The author teaches at Quince Tree School, Tamworth. The article is based on work carried out in part fulfillment of a B.Ed (Hons.) degree when she was a student at Westhill College, Birmingham.     

Home Environments and Parental Support for Literacy: Children's Perceptions and School Literacy Achievement

This study examined literacy in home environments and how children perceive literate events that occur in their families. Four children were selected from a larger study of 129 children. Two children (one African American and one biracial) were from a low income urban community. The other two were Caucasian and from a small farm community. Ninety-six hours of observations over eight weeks during the summer of the kindergarten school year were conducted. Data collected included field notes, tape recordings, parent questionnaires, awareness interviews and school achievement measures. Domains were identified and analyzed for literacy support in the home, The analysis indicated three major findings: 1) all the parents provided support for literacy but there were differences in the way literacy was constructed, 2) the differences in the children's awareness responses describing how they were learning to read at home reflected their home literacy experiences, 3) the home literacy environments of the four children who were from low income families were conducive to literacy development and school success.     

Training Parents to be Home Reading Tutors: Generalization of Children's Reading Skills from Home to School

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a procedure for teaching parents of mildly retarded children to be home reading tutors and to examine generalization of the children's acquired skills from the home to the school setting. The parent‐tutor procedures were based on Glynn, McNaughton, Robinson and Quinn (1979). Four children aged 8 to 10 years, attending a special class, participated in the project. The reading tutor training procedure was implemented in a multiple baseline across participants design. Tutor behaviours measured were attention to errors, delayed attention, modelling, prompting and the use of praise; child reading behaviours assessed were accuracy of reading, number of errors, self‐corrections and prompted corrections. During intervention and maintenance phases substantial increases in targeted tutor behaviours and corresponding improvements in child reading behaviours were observed. Improvements in the children's home reading behaviours, particularly self‐correcting, generalized to the classroom setting.     

African American Fathers in Low Income, Urban Families: Development, Behavior, and Home Environment of Their Three-Year-Old Children

This study examined the relationship between paternal roles, regardless of residence, and the well-being of 175 3-year-old children from low income, African American families. There were no differences in children's cognition, receptive language, behavior, or home environment related to father presence. Fathers (or father figures) were identified in 73% of the families, and 64% participated in an interview and videotaped observation. The relationships between paternal roles (parenting satisfaction, economic support, nurturance during play, child care, and household responsibilities) and children's cognitive skills, receptive language, behavior, and home environment were examined. After controlling for maternal age, education, and parenting satisfaction, there were significant relationships between paternal roles and each index of children's well-being, suggesting that fathers' contributions were unique. Fathers who were satisfied with parenting, contributed financially to the family, and were nurturant during play had children with better cognitive and language competence; fathers who were satisfied with parenting and employed, had children with fewer behavior problems; and when fathers were living with the child, the home was more child-centered. Neither the biological relationship of the father nor the parents' marital status entered into the models. These findings support ecological theories linking paternal involvement with children's well-being and argue for the institution of family-oriented policies that promote positive father involvement.     

国内外经济不平衡与美国大危机

1929—1933年的资本主义大危机,以其持续时间长、波及范围广、破坏性特别大而载入史册。经济大危机不仅给资本主义各国经济致命一击,使各国经济陷入危机的泥潭而不能自拔,而且对这一时期各国的政治和以后的国际关系产生了深远的影响。危机肇始于美国,之所以如此,是和美国国内外经济贸易不平衡分不开的,或者说,美国国内外经济贸易发展的不平衡使大危机不可避免。     

Worlds of Literacy Worlds Apart: Reading at Home and at School

This article considers the findings of a literacy survey with Year 7 students who had experienced difficulties with reading. It highlights the range of texts and events that these students were choosing to engage with outside school and the mismatch between home and school literacy. The findings signal a need to go beyond the traditional reading test to uncover the texture of literacy experience and achievement in students' lives.     

Home and School at the Launch: some preliminary observations

“The large room of the Crown and Anchor Tavern, one of the very largest in the Metropolis, was engaged for the occasion, and at the time appointed for taking the chair, it was completely filled. It is said to hold 2,500 persons; certainly more than 2,000 were present. We were glad to perceive that they consisted chiefly of that class for whose good the institution is intended, namely, working mechanics; and that they showed, by their conduct and demeanor, that they comprehended fully the serious magnitude of the object for which they were assembled, and came to the consideration of it with minds warmed apparently to enthusiasm in its support; yet keenly intent on examining and scrutinizing well the means by which they were to be invited to realize the promised good. It was a meeting of men resolved both to think and act for themselves.... The earnest, discriminating, and orderly attention with which they listened to the whole of the proceedings, exceeded anything we had ever before witnessed in so numerous an assembly . . .” ¹ 1. Mechanics' Magazine, 15 November 1823, p. 177.      

近二十年国内外幼儿对话式阅读研究综述

对话式阅读由美国学者Grover.J.Whitehurst于1988年提出,是一种具有PEER互动原则及CROWD提示技巧的共读方式,被广泛应用于国外以及国内台湾地区的幼教领域,并且实施效果显著。所以本研究针对近20年国内外有关幼儿对话式阅读的30篇中文文献及106篇英文文献进行综述。研究发现,大陆地区的相关研究在研究对象、方法与内容方面比国外与台湾地区单一,并且相关研究从整体上呈现国外比国内深入,台湾地区比大陆地区深入的状态。拓展研究对象与研究方法是未来研究的重要发展方向,应当使对话式阅读能够真正运用在亲子共读与师幼共读当中。     

Linking Home and Residential School

Dean Colledge headteacher, Town Thorns School, and Cecilia Wood, Rathbone home/school worker, describe a pioneering project designed to improve home/school links in this residential ESN(M) school in Easenhall, Rugby     

Reading at Home and at School in the Primary Grades: Cultural and Social Influences

Hispanic children are twice as likely as European American children to read below average for grade level. Some of this difference may be related to the home literacy practices children experience. To study this, the school reading achievement of 75 European American and 53 Hispanic second graders was examined in relation to their home reading practices. Results indicate that reading at home, specifically how often children read, with whom they read, and their active initiation of reading, are related to school reading achievement in both groups. These relations were more pronounced for European American boys and Hispanic girls, and fewer relations were found for Hispanic children whose mothers spoke solely Spanish. Results are discussed in relation to home-based opportunities in these two communities for children in the primary grades to develop reading skills.