学校是个小社会吗?--浅析学校教育的价值选择

学校是个小社会似乎是一个大家习以为常的命题.但是,学校真的是个小社会吗?本文将对此命题进行辨析,揭示出它作为学术命题和大众性的命题所指向的两种不同的内涵,指出在大众话语中其所蕴涵的关于学校教育的错误价值选择,并分析其产生的深层次原因.在此基础上,笔者分析指出学校和社会是两种不同的群体模式,提倡学校采取其应有的价值选择.     

Education Markets,Choice and Social Class: the market as a class strategy in the UK and the USA

The market alternative in education is gaining ground in policy‐making circles on both sides of the Atlantic. Parental choice and school competition are seen as ways of achieving reform and raising standards while at the same time reducing State intervention into education planning. This paper interrogates the arguments made for markets and against public monopoly schooling; and it is argued that on both counts the claims of advocates are partial and flawed. The failure to address the bases and effects of inequalities of the market are given particular attention. It is argued that markets in education provide the possibility for the pursuit of class advantage and generate a differentiated and stratified system of schooling.

     

Social Class Effects on Northeastern Brazilian Children's Conceptions of Areas of Personal Choice and Social Regulation

2 studies examined middle- and lower-class Brazilian children's concepts of personal choice and social regulation. In Study 1, interviews of 40 middle- and lower-class children (9 and 15 years old) revealed that children across classes distinguished moral from conventional issues on the bases of rule contingency and act generalizability criteria. Lower-class children, however, were less likely to view conventions as rule contingent and more likely to generalize conventional acts. In Study 2, interviews of 240 middle- and lower-class children (ages 8, 12, 16 years) found that across classes, children distinguished prudential issues from matters they treated as personal. Prudential issues were seen as subject to parental authority. Middle-class children were more likely to treat personal issues as matters of choice. With age, lower-class children increasingly tended to treat personal items as matters of choice, and by adolescence there were no class differences. Findings show that Brazilian children maintain a heterogeneous orientation to rules and authority which includes a domain of personal choice. Class differences indicate that hierarchical social structures affect children's sense of autonomy. However, developmental effects indicate that a domain of personal choice emerges among children across social classes.     

冲突与抉择:学习化社会背景下的学校教育

学习化社会的来临给制度化的学校教育带来了前所未有的冲击与挑战。正规化、阶段化、精英化、标准化的学校教育开始受到来自四面八方的指责与批评。新的时代背景要求学校教育对这些问题做出积极的回应。因此，学校教育正处在十字路口，改造与创新势在必行。     

Social Equity and Access to a Philippine STEM School

Like most developing countries in the world, there is a huge gap in opportunities to access quality science education between students from the high- and low-socioeconomic strata of Philippine society. In establishing its own science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) high school, despite limited public funding in 1964, the government embarked on a hopeful project for continuously building up its scientific and technological work force to support modern economic development. The initial focus on elite talent development, however, eventually had to give way to legislative reforms that address issues of social equity. Greater accessibility for scholarships by underprivileged students in the provinces was accomplished, first, through the regionalization of its admission system and then, later, through its transformation into a network of science high schools across the nation. In my home country, sustaining equitable access to STEM education also means enhancing school participation through partnerships with community constituents and the private sector.     

School Choice and Stratification in a Regional Context: Examining the Role of Inter-District Choice

Despite the growing popularity of interdistrict choice plans over the past decade, the policy assumptions underlying their adoption have been subjected to very little empirical research. This study situates school choice within one metropolitan region, Denver, and examines the ways in which choice patterns relate to existing patterns of stratification between school districts. This regional focus offers insight into the patterns of interdistrict choice and the influence these patterns have on equity within a metropolitan region. Findings from this study indicate that relatively higher income students were more likely to take advantage of interdistrict choice, and that choice was more often used by students to exit from a less advantaged context (as measured by socioeconomic status) to a relatively more advantaged one. The article concludes with recommendations for policymakers in designing more equity-minded choice policies.     

论回到“学校”“教育”本身的学校发展

学校发展不只意味着作为一个组织的学校的发展,学校发展必须以学校这一类组织的性质与目标的实现为前提与旨趣。目前学校发展中出现了发展与目的的分离、好学校与好教育的分离。问题解决的关键在于专业精神与教育精神的重建,如此,教师才能不仅成为学校发展与变革的代理人,更是学校变革的自觉发起者。     

学校课程管理:赋权后的困惑与抉择

在新课程制度文本上,学校拥有了课程管理的主体权责;在具体实践中,学校正经受着“上级课程行政滞后”、“社会应试倾向”和“自我建构能力不足”的困扰。检视学校课程管理面临的挑战,寻求应对和突围的路径与策略,以确保基础教育课程改革全面实施。     

Deliberative Attitudes,IQ, and Social Class

When large numbers of children are polled concerning their attitudes toward school and academic study, those from poor homes are, on the average, less likely to hold favorable attitudes than those from better homes. This fact is hardly surprising. But the relationship between favorable attitudes and socio-economic status is far less marked than is the relationship between IQ and socio-economic status. Hence, when children are selected for high-ability classes and eventually for college on the basis of IQ or related measures, a child who likes ideas is far more likely to be rejected by the school system if he comes from the lower socio-economic classes. The foregoing conclusion is based on a survey of thousands of children in elementary and high schools in this country and in England.     

建设教师发展学校:学校发展的战略选择

建设教师发展学校主要是建设新型学校。培养新型教师,创新教师教育。河南师大附中通过专家引领、课题带动、集体备课、课例研讨、教师论坛、青年沙龙、网络沙龙等措施,取得了良好的效果。     

School Choice, Brand Loyalty and Civic Loyalty

Applying a philosophical perspective to the concept of loyalty, I consider how the commodification of education may affect the ties between people. Using both theories of brand loyalty and Albert Hirschman's distinction between exit and voice, I examine how human loyalties may be formed in general and also in the field of education. I conclude that the overemphasis on 'vertical' loyalty (e.g. loyalty of the ruler and ruled, brand loyalty) demanded by marketisation can undermine and may, under certain conditions, erase the very structures of 'horizontal' loyalty (between equal citizens in a democratic society) essential for the civic arena. These structures are also necessary for schools to function in their civic task of educating the future citizenry.     

从社会的阶层分化看如何促进人的全面发展

从计划经济向市场经济过渡的过程中,中国社会发生了深刻的变化,人们的职业地位、经济收入、受教育水平乃至生活方式都已开始有了明显差距,在此基础上形成了崭新的社会阶层结构及社会群体结构。不同的社会群体占有的全面发展的基本条件是很不相同的,对不同的社会群体应采取有针对性的促进其全面发展的政策措施。     

学校、家庭及社会教育

学校、家庭和社会教育是整体的社会系统工程,各司其职而又相互联系,任何一方面的失误或者失职都会造成文化缺陷,形成社会发展障碍。家庭、学校、社会教育应强调人性理性。只有社会教育、学校教育和家庭教育通力合作,培养现代社会所需的现代意识和人格特征,才能构筑社会公平和谐的基础。家庭教育、学校教育和社会教育相互连接和联系、协同作用完成教育年轻一代任务,使之不仅能接受和继承优秀文化,并且能为文化改进和发展做出自己的贡献。     

School Choice,Exclusion, and Race Taming in Milwaukee: A Meta-ethnography

The Urban Review - This article presents a meta-ethnography (Urrieta Jr and Noblit (eds), Cultural constructions of identity: meta ethnography and theory, Oxford University Press. 2018....     

Evaluating School Choice Policies: A Response to Harry Brighouse

In his writings on school choice and educational justice, Harry Brighouse presents normative evaluations of various choice systems. This paper responds to Brighouse's claim that it is inadequate to criticise these evaluations with reference to empirical data concerning the effects of school choice.     

论学校发展的价值选择——兼对一种竞争性学校发展观的批判与反思

立足于竞争以获取更多的教育资源是当前较为普遍流行的一种学校发展观。在竞争性发展观的支配下,学校教育的内在价值追求,即学生的发展受到不应有的忽略,其危害至为深远。为此,应当从根本上颠覆竞争性学校发展观,建立以学生发展评判学校发展的发展观。从学生的发展出发来看待学校发展,则要求学校从学校教育的社会基础设施、教育对象的差异性存在以及教育的适应性等着手,由SWOT分析转向教育分析。     

试析中学历史学科说课的类型、要素与技巧

说课是目前基础教育领域经常运用的教学科研和交流形式,也是中学历史教学校本研修的重要方式。中学历史教研活动中,把握说课类型,确定说课结构和呈现方式,认识说课的基本要素、基本结构和操作程序,掌握说课的基本技巧,是说课取得成功的几个重要环节。     

Parental Choice and the Decision to Decharter an Urban,Black, Middle School

ABSTRACT

This article unpacks the decision to decharter a successful urban middle school serving African American students, especially focusing on parental choice in a school caught between two urban reform initiatives: charter schooling and state takeovers of urban districts. Originally chartered by a university, DeCharter became a “school of choice” in an urban district. Though inclusion of all stakeholders motivated charter school decision-making, the decision to decharter excluded them. Working out the intricacies of “choice” and the influences of the policies on stakeholders' interpretations of dechartering illustrates the complexities of parental choice in urban districts and the unintended effects of reform initiatives.