小学生学习适应性研究

研究发现,小学生总体学习适应水平比全国理论水平高得多。综合小学低,中,高年级适应不良率来看,小学中年级适应性最差。就学习适应性不良的学生来说,城乡之间无显差异,但性别方面有显差异。就学习适应优良的学生而言,城乡之间无显差异,而性别之间虽亦无显差异,但从各分项测验看,男生优良率明显低于女生。     

Techniques used by primary school pupils in drawings during science activities

Conclusion It is apparent from the data that pupils use a wide variety of techniques to aid the clarity of their drawings and that they are able to discriminate between them. The data support the value of the teaching method used, where drawings were used as the principal means of communication between the children. The study has shown how, without any teacher instruction on drawing techniques, the children have been able to identify and adapt ones which they see as meeting their requirements. The study has established one teaching method which, following further investigation, could be presented to teachers as a useful strategy during science lessons.     

Developing children's language learner strategies at primary school

This article discusses the strategy repertoires and strategy development of six English children who learned foreign languages at primary school. My study differs from mainstream research, in that it focuses on young children and on the development of their strategies, draws on sociocultural theory and uses ethnographic methods. My findings show that the six children developed a range of strategies over the course of a calendar year in spite of receiving no direct strategy instruction. The primary classroom encouraged learner autonomy and stimulated children to reflect on their learning which, in turn, enabled them to refine their strategies.     

The peer relationships of primary school pupils with poor attendance records

The research study presented in this article was conducted because of the surprising paucity of research findings on the effect of significant absence from primary school on peer relationships. Participants in the study were Year 6 pupils, 140 of whom had attendance records of 80% or less in both Years 2 and 6. Of the 140, 133 were matched with those with better attendance records in the same class, of the same gender and born in the same season of the year. As revealed by sociometry conducted in 89 classes, the poor attenders were found to make and to receive fewer friendship choices than those with better attendance records. The question as to whether poor attendance is a result or a cause of having fewer friends is discussed and consideration is given to intervention issues.     

中小学学生习得性无助的形成、表现及其治疗

学生的学业不良、社交困难,一直是教育界和心理界关注的热点,而习得性无助正是这类学生的一种普遍倾向。探讨习得性无助的形成、表现及其治疗,有利于教师理解习得性无助学生,从而帮助其克服这种障碍。     

Conditions of school success: Relationships between characteristics of pupils,home environment,and school marks

European Journal of Psychology of Education -     

The views of primary pupils on school attendance at Key Stage 2 in Wales

This paper provides new empirical evidence on primary pupils’ views on school attendance in Wales at Key Stage 2. The research was conducted as part of the specific evidence commissioned by the Welsh Assembly Government (WAG) for the National Behaviour and Attendance Review (NBAR) in Wales which was chaired by the lead author. The findings indicate that nearly every child and young person who participated in the specially convened focus groups, in practically every setting, had a good awareness of the benefits of attending school regularly. They were all acutely aware of the potential consequences of non‐attendance both within their current setting and as it could potentially affect their later chances in life. They also understood the law regarding school attendance. They were clear about the attendance regulations within their own school settings. They were however, particularly concerned about bullying in all its forms, the use of supply teachers and “boring” teaching styles. Rewards for good attendance were generally appreciated. The implications of the findings are considered. This paper is the first of its kind to be undertaken in Wales and in the field of school attendance and opens up considerable possibilities for further research.     

小学生写错别字的原因及纠正方法

人们常说的错别字 ,包括两种情况 ,即错字和别字。错字 ,指把这个字的字形写错了 ,书上、字典上没有这个字形。如把“武”写成了“武”。别字 ,指的是该写这个字的时候 ,却写成了那个字。如把“川流不息”写成了“穿流不歇” ,其中的“穿”、“歇”字形虽然没有错误 ,但用错了地方 ,导致词语的意思发生了大变化 ,这就是别字。学生从一年级起就几乎每节课都与汉字打交道 ,但为什么还写错别字呢 ?笔者根据自己的经验认为 ,之所以学生会写错别字 ,不外乎两方面的原因 ,即汉字方面和小学生方面的原因。由于汉字字数比较多 ,结构复杂 ,有些字的构…     

中小学生意外伤害事故的预防与处理研究

中小学生在校发生意外伤害事故,包括身体伤害和精神伤害两种,统称人身伤害事故,根据其发生的时间、地点,又可分为教学事故和非教学事故,在处理上应当给予必要的医疗急救处理和责任追究处理。不同类型的事故要求从不同角度采取预防措施。学生在校学习期间,学校、教师具有监督学生行为,保障其身心安全、健康的责任。     

Low-achieving (learning disabled) pupils in year 2 of the primary school in Hungary

We selected 60 low-achieving children from a sample of 263 pupils in Year 2 of the primary school in order to analyse the problems of learning disabilities. We explored two questions: whether teachers evaluate the pupils' school performances correctly; and what kind of relationship exists between the low-achieving pupils' cognitive abilities and their school performance. Methods used were questionnaires, pedagogical tests and traditional psychological tests. We obtained the following results: the teachers generally evaluate the pupils' school performance fairly well, but they are inclined to assume a close correlation between the achievements in different subjects, and the teachers' knowledge of the low-achieving children is more reliable regarding the group of pupils as a whole rather than each pupil individually; and the low-achieving pupils' cognitive learning abilities prove to be significantly weaker than their general intellectual abilities.     

The use of narrative to promote primary school children's understanding of evolution

This study explores learning about evolution when information is presented in either a narrative or an expository text (ET). Narratives engage the imagination, and consequently may allow children to overcome conceptual constraints that make evolution difficult to comprehend. Participants were 16 Year One, 21 Year Two and 25 Year Three pupils from a British primary school. Expository and narrative texts about evolution were read with children before assessing participants' understanding. Those reading the narrative showed a greater understanding of the book's contents about evolution than those reading the ET. Implications for using the imagination and narrative in the science classroom are discussed.     

Common causes of maladjustment in our school pupils

In the past few years, there has been a tremendous upsurge of interest in children with emotional and behavioural problems. New units, clinics and agencies have been set up by the government and by the statutory bodies and voluntary organisations in the community to help these children overcome their problems. Much publicity has been given to the provision of assessment, counselling and preventive services but so little to how effective these services are. Why is this so? I suspect that there may be problems relating to our capacity to elucidate the causes of the child's problems correctly. Of course there may be problems relating to the competency of the staff in giving the right sort of assistance to the child; but sound treatment must be based on a good understanding of how the child's problems come about in the first place.     

Links between in-class use of social media and school adjustment of high-school pupils

Education and Information Technologies - The present study was conducted to assess the links between in-class use of social media and academic and social school adjustment of high school students...     

试论小学学校教育与家庭教育的结合

教育是一项包括家庭教育、学校教育、社会教育及教育者的自我教育的系统工程。教育学生，学校固然负有重要的责任，而家庭教育也是不可缺少的。客观地讲，学校教育和家庭教育各有优势，也各有局限性，特别是小学生，跟父母在一起的时间较多，如果家庭教育与学校教育配合不好，就会影响学校教育的质量和效果，从而影响孩子的健康成长。要使教育达到预期目的，教育工作者必须高度重视和认真研究学校教育与家庭教育的结合问题。     

Teaching Practice Stasis: racism,sexism and school experience in initial teacher education

This paper is concerned with the school experience component of initial teacher education (ITE). School experience (or teaching practice, as it is more commonly known) is widely recognised as particularly influential in the professional socialisation of student teachers. I draw on recent field‐work which I have carried out in order to explore some of the tensions and contradictions which characterise both my own and others’ experiences of working in ITE. By using aspects of ‘race’ and ‘gender’ as ‘sociological indicators’ I seek to discover the extent to which school experience can play a part in the preparation of teachers who are reflective, critical and enquiring. The conclusions I reach are not encouraging. Teaching practice is characterised by ‘stasis’, a strong tendency for those most closely involved to avoid conflict or confrontation. Even mild criticism of existing classroom practices is avoided. To the extent that approaches to the appraisal of practising teachers are based on similar ‘supervisory’ models, the implication is that the effect will not be the ‘development’ or ‘improvement’ of practice so much as the reinforcement of existing practices, whether good or bad.     

Corporal punishment and children's externalizing problems: A cross-sectional study of Tanzanian primary school aged children

The adverse effect of harsh corporal punishment on mental health and psychosocial functioning in children has been repeatedly suggested by studies in industrialized countries. Nevertheless, corporal punishment has remained common practice not only in many homes, but is also regularly practiced in schools, particularly in low-income countries, as a measure to maintain discipline. Proponents of corporal punishment have argued that the differences in culture and industrial development might also be reflected in a positive relationship between the use of corporal punishment and improving behavioral problems in low-income nations. In the present study we assessed the occurrence of corporal punishment at home and in school in Tanzanian primary school students. We also examined the association between corporal punishment and externalizing problems. The 409 children (52% boys) from grade 2 to 7 had a mean age of 10.49 (SD = 1.89) years. Nearly all children had experienced corporal punishment at some point during their lifetime both in family and school contexts. Half of the respondents reported having experienced corporal punishment within the last year from a family member. A multiple sequential regression analysis revealed that corporal punishment by parents or by caregivers was positively related to children's externalizing problems. The present study provides evidence that Tanzanian children of primary school age are frequently exposed to extreme levels of corporal punishment, with detrimental consequences for externalizing behavior. Our findings emphasize the need to inform parents, teachers and governmental organizations, especially in low-income countries, about the adverse consequences of using corporal punishment be it at home or at school.     

Mathematical literacy of school leaving pupils in South Africa

This paper discusses some results of South African (SA) grade 12 pupils on an international test of mathematical literacy, administered in the framework of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) under the auspices of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). Three questions are addressed: (1) What are the strengths and weaknesses of SA school-leavers in mathematical reasoning and social utility from an international comparative perspective?: (2) What is the growth of SA pupils' mathematical literacy from grade 8 to 12? (3) What are the background variables that influence the level of mathematical literacy of SA school-leavers? Finally some implications of the results for SA education will be discussed.