The impact of academic patenting on university research and its transfer

This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the impact of academic patenting on publishing and knowledge transfer. Drawing upon two separate surveys of academics, and their CV information, we provide empirical evidence for UK academics in engineering and physical sciences. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, our findings show that (the intensity of) academic patenting complements publishing up to a certain level of patenting output, after which we find evidence of a substitution effect. We also find weak evidence of important differences across scientific fields with the more basic-oriented fields showing indications of a crowding-out effect. Second, our analysis of the potential impact of patenting on knowledge transfer shows a positive correlation between the stock of patents and engagement in knowledge transfer channels. However, we find that a substitution effect sets in, indicating an inverted U-shaped relationship between patenting and several knowledge transfer channels.     

The impact of knowledge stickiness on knowledge transfer implementation,internalization, and satisfaction for multinational corporations

Improving the effectiveness of knowledge transfer from a parent firm to its subsidiary is one of the most critical issues confronting management at multinational companies (MNC). Since knowledge tends to be sticky and difficult to transfer, the success of knowledge transfer is contingent not only upon various kinds of contextual variables, but also upon the process of knowledge transfer implementation and internalization. Previous studies did not consider the process of implementation and internalization variables, and failed to provide a more comprehensive research framework for MNC knowledge transfer. This study attempts to assess the impact of knowledge stickiness on knowledge transfer implementation and internalization, as well as the performance of headquarter–subsidiary knowledge transfer. Results of this study suggest that an increase in knowledge stickiness may have a positive and significant influence on knowledge implementation, internalization, and knowledge transfer satisfaction. However, increases in knowledge stickiness beyond a certain point can also deter the success of transferring knowledge. Results also suggest a significant relationship between knowledge transfer implementation and internalization, innovation and satisfaction, and between knowledge innovation and knowledge transfer satisfaction.     

Organizational climate and its influence on brokers’ knowledge transfer activities: A structural equation modeling

The purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the processes involved in transferring knowledge into action. Obviously an interesting subject of research, it is worthwhile delving into the role played by knowledge brokers in bridging the gap between research and practice. This paper investigates the relationship between organizational climate and brokers’ knowledge transfer activities. The structural equation model was tested, using survey data from 301 respondents who primarily carry out their professional activities in health services, such as knowledge brokers. The results suggest two major findings: first, that the organizational climate as a multidimensional concept has a direct positive impact on the brokers’ knowledge transfer activities; secondly, that the organizational climate, characterized by the autonomy granted to brokers and a cooperative climate play an indirect role in affecting the knowledge transfer activities through the mediation of the organizational support provided to brokers.     

科技服务业与制造业正逆知识转移下知识融合的协同创新研究

通过知识转移和知识融合实现创新价值共享已成为科技服务业与制造业协同发展的新途径。以知识转移理论与协同创新理论为基础,基于系统动力学视角构建了两业协同创新的动力学模型,利用Vensim DSS软件仿真,分析了随着知识融合的不断推进,两业协同创新的实现路径以及两业知识势能、知识创新率和知识转移率的变化态势,并就融合创新因子和政策因子,即制造企业知识需求、知识吸收能力、政府激励机制、财政投入、人才建设共五个因子,对两业创新率进行了灵敏度分析。结果表明,两业知识势能呈指数增长,知识创新率及知识转移率不断增加,融合创新因子和政策因子对两业创新率存在显著正向影响,研究结果可以为两业协同创新发展提供决策支持。     

知识转移的经济分析

在基本模型的基础上,从经济分析的角度构建三个拓展的知识转移模型,刻意模式由于具有更高的知识转移效率和能够实现知识发送者的经济激励受到更多关注.刻意模式下的用品模式和示范模式之间存在一个最优的转换点,用数学模型可以说明知识的不同转移模式带来的知识接受者的福利差别,用品模式和示范模式在知识转移成本上截然不同.     

Knowledge transfer processes in IT outsourcing relationships and their impact on shared knowledge and outsourcing performance

What is the impact of specific knowledge-transfer processes on the level of shared knowledge and, in turn, on outsourcing performance in outsourcing relationships? Drawing on a series of case studies covering IT providers and banks, we investigate several applied knowledge-transfer processes dedicated to the transfer of explicit or tacit knowledge between outsourcing banks and their providers. We examine the differential influence of various types of knowledge transfer on shared knowledge between the parties and on the resulting outsourcing performance. Results depict the differential impact of various knowledge-transfer processes dedicated to the transfer of explicit, or tacit knowledge, respectively, on the development of shared knowledge. Interestingly, the combination of both knowledge-transfer processes dedicated to the transfer of explicit knowledge and those dedicated to the transfer of tacit knowledge proves to be most effective. Furthermore the results indicate that high levels of shared knowledge positively influence outsourcing performance. In addition to previous literature, we found transfer processes for explicit knowledge in an outsourcing context to consist of two dimensions: The content dimension, primarily focused on in literature, and the sender–receiver dimension of transfer processes which are rarely addressed in outsourcing literature. The content dimension embraces mechanisms such as trainings, SLAs and standards that define how content has to be interpreted, whereas the sender–receiver dimension of transfer processes of explicit knowledge defines explicit, documented interaction structures between parties.     

知识分布及其对企业知识转移的影响分析

 借鉴资源分布的原理,本文提出知识分布的概念,据此构建了知识分布概念模型,并具体分析了知识分布对企业知识转移的影响机理,包括知识分布载体自身、相互关系以及知识分布载体数目和层次对知识转移的影响。研究认为各个知识载体中的知识形态影响并决定了组织内知识转移的方式;一个组织中知识分布的聚集度与知识转移的效率紧密相关;载体间相互关系极大地影响了知识转移的效果和满意度;知识分布个体之间的密切性在一定程度上影响了知识传播者的主动性以及在知识转移过程中双方合作的效果;知识分布载体的数目与层次影响发生知识转移的范围,进而影响知识转移的效率。     

技术联盟组织知识转移影响因素路径检验

摘要：在激烈的市场竞争下,许多企业通过与其他企业或科研机构构建技术联盟来规避技术研发风险并迅速扩大组织的整体知识存量和技术水平,以提升企业竞争力。知识转移是技术联盟主体组织学习和取得外部知识的重要途径。本研究基于过程的视角,探索和验证了组织在构建和实施技术联盟过程中各个影响因素如何影响技术联盟知识转移效果。本文作者通过深入哈尔滨汽轮机厂的研发部门和生产一线,以参观和访谈的调研方式取得了哈尔滨汽轮机厂与美国GE公司的9FA联合循环机组D10汽轮机技术联盟的第一手资料。本文通过哈汽轮机厂与GE公司的技术联盟案例实证验证了知识转移过程各影响因素如何影响技术联盟组织间知识转移效果。实证验证结果表明：技术联盟中知识源的知识转移能力和知识接收方的知识吸收能力作为外因潜在变量通过积极影响内因潜在变量知识转移情境适应性和知识转移过程对知识转移效果有显著的正向促进作用;联盟主体间信息对称性作为外因潜在变量对知识转移效果的正向积极影响是通过影响内因潜在变量的中介机制形成的,该影响路径中内因潜在变量分别为组织知识识别能力、知识转移方式和知识转移过程;知识转移投入通过正向影响知识转移过程进而促进知识转移效果。本研究的创新之处在于：在理论和实证研究的基础上,通过对实际案例的剖析验证了技术联盟组织间知识转移影响因素对知识转移效果的作用路径,便于企业研发人员和科研管理人员理解和应用本文的研究结论,增加了结论的可操作性和实际应用价值。     

强联系网络、重叠知识与知识转移关系研究

 从强联系里的知识特点探讨了强联系网络与知识转移的关系。在分析了强联系网络、重叠知识与知识转移的关系后,从组织生态学角度构建了它们之间的关系模型,进一步论证了强联系网络可以通过其内部的重叠知识对组织知识转移产生影响;最后给出了一些知识转移的管理寓意分析。     

联盟网络社会资本对知识转移影响路径研究

 本文考察了联盟网络企业中的社会资本关系维度,分析了企业间社会资本关系与知识转移之间的关系以及影响路径,采用问卷调查方法对200家联盟网络企业知识转移状况进行问卷调查,运用所获有效数据验证它们之间的关系。实证结果显示,企业间社会资本关系与知识转移之间存在正相关关系,并且通过知识转移机会、动机、能力的中介效应影响知识转移的效果。     

后发企业知识传导的成本动因及其作用机理

摘要：知识传导成本是知识传导过程中的壁垒和交易成本。本研究基于后发企业知识传导三维路径的前期研究,以新的视角从知识传导的广度、密度、速度和交互性四个层面,提出知识作为物理运动和经济运动过程中的壁垒和成本,详细分析其作用因素和作用机理,并指出四个因素对知识传导绩效的影响,从而有别于现有文献从知识发送方、接收方、知识属性、传导渠道和环境五方面传导障碍因素的研究,并将企业知识传导路径、传导成本与传导机制统一起来,更好地打开知识的运作规律的黑箱并提出改善知识传导绩效的有效机制和途径。最后,研究了尚德太阳能公司的案例,并印证相关观点和结论。     

钢铁企业横向并购中知识转移影响因素的路径分析

本文利用在西南地区钢铁企业横向并购过程中采集的数据,对企业并购过程中影响知识转移的相关因素进行了探索性路径分析。研究结果表明:在钢铁行业中,收购企业与被收购企业有关知识的先天条件对于知识转移的层次、实施过程以及转移效果均没有显著影响,而两者却对于并购动机产生正面影响,且呈显互补关系。收购企业有关知识的先天条件对于知识转移投入没有显著影响。并购动机正面影响知识转移层次与投入,知识转移层次只正面影响实施过程,而知识转移投入正面作用于实施过程与转移效果,知识转移实施过程对转移效果有正面作用。最后本文分析了上述结论的内在成因,并提出了相应的对策建议。     

后发企业知识传导与新产品开发的路径及其机制——比亚迪汽车公司的案例研究

基于后发企业知识传导路径及传导机制的前期理论研究,以比亚迪公司汽车研发为案例,剖析企业知识在主体维度(员工→团队→企业→网络)、活动维度(获取→吸收→转移→创新)、属性维度(显性→隐性)所组成三维空间的传导路径;同时,以新的视角提出知识传导的广度、密度、速度和交互度四个变量,刻画传导路径的物理运动和经济运动特征,并且从研发体系、专利策略、认知能力和激励机制等层面深入分析四个特征变量的作用因素及其对知识传导绩效的影响,更好地打开比亚迪知识运动规律的黑箱,最后总结案例经验启示和演绎改善知识传导绩效的有效机制和途径。     

基于知识特性的知识距离对知识转移影响研究

知识距离是影响知识转移的重要因素之一,但是它们二者之间的关系一直没有得到统一的研究结论,对于不同特性的知识,知识距离和知识转移之间的关系应该是不同的,只有放在具体的知识背景下研究才能得到一致的结论。本文以部门内部个体之间任务知识的转移为背景,从知识隐含性和知识复杂性两个维度将对知识特性进行划分为四种类别显性、简单知识;显性、复杂知识;隐性、简单知识;隐性、复杂知识,考察这四种不同类别知识的知识距离和与知识转移之间的关系。研究对所提假设进行了实证检验,并对结果进行了进一步的解释,旨在明确知识距离和知识转移之间的关系,从而为企业有效的管理知识提供指导。     

创新网络的知识转移计量模型分析——基于NetLogo仿真的研究视角

 将主体的知识列表用矩阵表示,采用Netlogo进行仿真,这些数值仿真图证明了本研究构建模型的适合性、拟合性和可靠性。从而加深对企业创新网络知识转移复杂性的理解,得到了企业创新网络知识转移计量模型,并得出系统规划和引导,有利于增加知识存量和流量的结论。     

高技术企业知识联盟中的知识转移研究

高技术企业知识联盟依托知识这一载体，使高技术企业获得市场竞争优势。本文通过对高技术企业知识联盟中的知识转移这一过程的系统研究，分析了阻碍知识转移的主要因素，提出了定量化的知识转移一般模式、形成机理和收益分配方案，对提升高技术企业的核心竞争力具有重要意义，也逐渐成为高技术企业战略联盟合作的主流趋势。     

Organizational agility through outsourcing: Roles of IT alignment,cloud computing and knowledge transfer

This study introduces the concept of outsourcing appropriation based on adaptive structuration theory (AST) to explore how organizations attain IT-dependent organizational agility through outsourcing appropriation. It examines the mediating role of IT alignment and the moderating roles of the adoption of cloud computing and knowledge transfer. The proposed model was tested using survey data from a sample of 170 IT executives. Our results indicate that the consensus of appropriation (COA) and faithfulness of appropriation (FOA) are positively associated with IT-dependent organizational agility, and the relationships are partially mediated by IT alignment. When adoption of cloud computing is high, the positive relationship between IT alignment and IT-dependent organizational agility becomes stronger than when it is low. Interestingly, results also show that the moderating roles of the transfer of explicit knowledge and transfer of tacit knowledge in the relationship between outsourcing appropriation and IT-dependent organizational agility vary significantly. The transfer of explicit knowledge negatively moderates the relationship between COA and agility. The transfer of tacit knowledge positively moderates the relationship between FOA and agility. These findings deepen our understanding of how organizations gain IT-dependent organizational agility in the context of IT outsourcing.     

基于四度模型的后发企业知识传导成本因素实证研究

本文基于Nonaka的SECI模型,从知识属性、知识主体和知识活动三个维度刻画后发企业知识传导路径;然后,从知识活动、知识特性、知识接收方特性等层面构建了后发企业成本因素的实证研究框架,并重点探讨传导活动中的广度、密度、速度和交互度的四度成本因素及其影响机理;论文收集调研问卷数据,运用结构方程模型分析方法实证检验相关假设。研究表明,知识属性和知识主体等维度各因素通过对知识活动的作用而影响传导绩效。最后,从广度、密度、速度和交互度等方面提出了促进知识有效传导的机制。     

供应链企业间知识转移中的知识破损及对策研究

知识转移作为知识管理中的一个重要环节,是提升企业竞争能力的有效途径。从供应链知识转移的效果出发,提出了衡量供应链知识转移效果的指标——知识破损率,分析了知识破损的成因,最后提出了解决这一问题的一些对策。     

知识价值性、企业权力对知识转移的影响研究

在资源依赖理论和战略权变理论基础上,构建创新合作网络中企业知识价值性、企业权力与知识转移之间关系的理论模型。以西安市信息技术产业为研究对象,采用QAP多元回归方法对企业知识价值性、企业权力与知识转移的关系进行实证研究,将知识价值性划分为知识关键性、知识不可替代性和知识中心性三个维度。研究结果表明:知识关键性和知识不可替代性对企业权力具有显著正向影响,而知识中心性对企业权力的影响不显著;企业权力在知识关键性和知识转移之间具有中介作用;企业权力在知识不可替代性与知识转移之间具有中介作用;而企业权力在知识中心性和知识转移之间中介作用不显著。